MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(17-1)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Passage seventeen
Internet is a global network that connects other
computer networks, together with software and protocols for
controlling the movement of data. The Internet, often
referred to as "the Net", was initiated in 1969 by a group
of universities and private research groups funded by the
US Department of Defense. It now covers almost every
country, in the world. Its organization is informal and
deliberately nonpolitical -its controllers tend to
concentrate on technical aspects rather than on
administrative control.
The Intemet offers users a number of basic services
including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability
to access information in remote databases. A notable
feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people
to exchange information and debate specific subjects of
interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level
services. For example, MBONE allows the transmisMon of
messages to more than one destination. It is used in
videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as "the Web",
is another high-level Intemet service, developed in the
1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing
multimedia information, including graphics, pictures,
sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of the World
Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents
elsewhere on the Intemet. Documents for publication on the
Web are presented in a form known as HTML( hypertext mark-
up language). This allows a specification of the page
layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It
also allows the inclusion of active links to other
documents. Generally, these appear on the screen display as
highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the
user can use a mouse to "click" on one of these points to
load and view a related document. Many commercial and
public organizations now have their own Web site( specified
by an address code) and publish a" home page", giving
information about the organization.
Up to the mid-1990s, the major users of the Intemet
were academic and research organizations. This has begun to
change rapidly with individual home users linking in
through commercial access providers and with a growing
interest by companies in using the Intemet for publicity,
sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing. At the
same time, there are problems with the flow of information
across national borders, bringing in debates about
copyright protection, data protection, the publication of
pornography,and ultimately political control and censorship.
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that the Intemet
[A] was initiated by the US Department of Defense in 1969
I B ] was only able to connect computers into networks
at its beginning
[ C ] has not any kind of organization behind it at all
[ D ] works independently of any governmental control
2. It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared
the way for
[A] even farther information transfer [ B] online
commercial promotions
[C] academic uses [ D] distributing
multimedia information
3. Which of the following is NOT a problem brought in by
the popularization of the Intemet?
[ A ] Difficulty in inspecting the content of
publications.
[ B ] Difficulty in protecting copyright across
national borders.
[ C ] Difficulty in promoting sales of superior
products.
[ D ] The possibility that potentially harmful content
may be published
4. This passage focuses on
[ A ] the instructions for the Intemet users
[ B ] the historical development of the Intemet
[ C ] the kinds of data transferred through the Intemet
[ D ] the problems brought about by the Internet
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
因特网(Intemet)是一个连接其他计算机网络的全球网络(globalnetwork),它还连接软件(software)和控制(contr01)数据(data)流通(movement)的程序(protoc01)。因特网就是常说的“Net”网,于一九六九年由一群大学和私人研究组织始创(initiate)——这些组织由美国国防部提供资金。如今,因特网几乎覆盖了全世界的所有国家。其组织是非正式(informal)的,有意(deliberately)成为非政治性(nonpolitical)组织——其管理者往往注重(concentrate)技术,而不是行政管理(administrative control)。
因特网为其用户(user)提供大量的基础服务(basic service),这些服务包括数据传输(transfer)、电子邮件,还包括获取(access)遥远的(remote)数据库(database)信息的能力。一个显著的(notable)特征(feature)就是因特网使用群体的存在(existence),这使得人们可以交流(exchange)信息、讨论(debate)感兴趣的具体问题(specific suject)。此外,因特网还提供大量的高层次(highlevel)服务。比如,MBONE可以让信息传输(transmission)到一个以上的目标(destination)文件。它可用于视频会议(videoconferencing)。World Wide Web网就是所知的Web网,是因特网的另一个高层次服务,该网是二十世纪九十年代在日内瓦开发的。它提供分发(distribute)多媒体(muhimedia)信息的服务,包括图像(graphic)、画面(picture)、声音(sound)、影像(video)以及文本。World WideWeb网的一个特征就是它允许连接(1ink)囚特网上无论何处的其他相关(relate)文件(doCtlment)。在Web网发布(publication)的文件以名为HTML(超文本高标语言)的形式呈现(present)。这允许详细(specification)说明页面(page)和版面(typography)设计,因为这些说明将显示(appear)于屏幕上。它还允许列入(inclusion)与其他文件的主动连接。通常情况下,这些东西都以显著的文本(highlightedtext)或增加了画像的文本(additionalicon)形式显示于屏幕。典型的是,使用者可以用鼠标点击(click)其中的一个点登录(10ad),查看相关的文件。如今,许多商业和公共组织拥有自己的Web网站(由一个网址代码标明),它们在网站发布“主页”(home page),提供有关本组织的信息。
直到二十世纪九十年代中期,因特网的主要用户还是学术(academic)和研究机构。由于个体家庭用户通过商业路径供应者(provider)而连接在一起,由于公司对利用因特网获得公众的注意、增加销售、把因特网当作电子(electronic)发布媒介(medium)等的兴趣逐渐提高,这一状况已开始迅速改变。但是,由于跨国度信息的泛滥,也出现了一些问题,引发了有关版权(copyright)保护、数据保护、色情文学(pornography)发布等问题的争论,最终(ultimately)引发了有关政治控制和审查(censorship)制度问题的争论。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
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