MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(16-1)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Lesson sixteen
Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is
to blame and whatever happens from now on, high
unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall
have to find ways of sharing the available employment more
widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some
fundamental questions about the future of work.Should we
continue to treat employment as the norm7 Should we not
rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people
to work.? Should we not create conditions in which many of
us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer?
Should we not aim to revive the household and the
neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as
centers of production and work.?
The industrial age has been the only period of human
history in which most peoples work has taken the form of
jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and
some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may
have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in
fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for
work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not
meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of
the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on
paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and
thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then
the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and
removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport
improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted
longer distances to their places of employment until,
eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with
their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In
pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the
productive work of the household and village community. Now
it became customary for the husband to go out to paid
employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family
to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this
norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles
between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As
employment became the dominant form of work, young people
and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more
teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired
people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has
certainly come to switch some effort and resources away
from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the
urgent practical task of helping many people to manage
without full time jobs.
1. Research carried out in tile recent opinion polls shows
that
[ A ] available employment should be restricted to a
small percentage of the population
[ B ] new jobs must be created in order to rectify high
unemployment figures
[ C ] available employment must be more widely
distributed among the unemployed
[ D ] the present high unemployment figures are a fact
of life
2. The arrival of the industrial age in our historical
evolution meant that
[ A ] universal employment virtually guaranteed
prosperity
[ B ] economic freedom came within everyones grasp
[ C ] patterns of work were fundamentally changed
[ D ] peoples attitude to work had to be reversed
3. The effects of almost universal employment were
overwhelming in that
[ A] the household and village community disappeared
completely
[ B ] men now traveled longer distances to their places
of work
[ C ] young and old people became superfluous components
of society
[ D ] the work status of those not in paid employment
suffered
4. The article concludes that
[A] the creation of jobs for all is impossible
[ B ] our efforts and resources in terms of tackling
unemployment are insufficient
[ C ] people should start to support themselves by
learning a practical skill
[D ] we should help those whose jobs are only part-time
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
现在,民意测验(opinionpoll)开始表明:不论谁应该受到责备,也不管今后会发生什么事,失业率(unemployment)高的状况可能会继续存在。这意味着我们将不得不寻求更广泛地分配可能的(available)工作的方法。
但是,我们需要采取进一步的措施。针对未来的:厂作,我们必须提出…—些基本的(fundamental)问题。我们应该继续把工作看成是标准(norm)吗?难道我们不应该鼓励那些自尊(self-respect)的人们以许多其它的方式工作吗?难道我们不应该创造(create)一定的条件,使我们中的许多人能为自己而不是为雇主(employer)工作吗?难道我们不应该以复兴(revive)家庭和近邻(neighbor,hood)、工厂与办公室为目标(aim),使它们成为生产和工作的中心吗?
工业时代(industrialage)是人类历史上大多数人的劳动表现为了作的唯一时期。如今,工业时代可能即将结束,工业时代所带来的工作方式(pattern)上的—‘些变更(change)可能被迫更改(reverse)。这似乎是一种使人畏缩的想法。但是,实际上,它能够为工作带来一个更美好的前景(prospect)。人们普遍都有工作,正如其历史所显现的那样,并不意味着经济上的自由(freedom)。
十七和十—八世纪的圈地运动通过剥夺许多人的土地使用权,剥夺他们为自己谋生的手段,使得这些人依靠付薪金的工作生活,从那时起,工作开始普及(widespread)。后来,工厂体制(system)破坏了家庭手工业(cottageindustry),使工作与家庭脱离(remove)。随后,由于交通运输(transport)的发展——先是火车,然后是汽车,人们往返于工作场所的距离更长,直到最后,许多人的工:作完全脱离了他们的家庭生活,脱离了他们居住的地方。
与此同时,工作使女性处于不利(disadvantage)之境地。:』:业时代之前,男性和女性共同承担家庭和村社的生产(productive)劳动。如今,丈夫外出干有偿的工作(paid employment),把家庭的无酬劳动和家留给妻子,这已经成为一种习惯(customary)。现在,税收(tax)和福利政策仍然采用这种标准,限制男女之间更灵活的(nexible)工作分工。
不只是女性的工作地位(statue)受到影响。随着工作成为主要的(dominant)劳动方式,年轻人和老人也受到排斥(exclude)——如今,这弓/发丁一个问题,因为更多的青少年在学校感到沮丧(frustrate),更多的退休老人希望积极地生活。
现在,所有这一切可能都需要改变。人们肯定该把一些精力和资源(resource)从为所有人创造就业机会的理想主义目标(goal)转向帮助许多没有全日制工作的人们谋生的紧迫的(urgent)实际任务(task)上来了。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
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