(接上文)

PART III  Reading Comprehension       ( 40 % )

Section A

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:

       To say that child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”

       Look at it form the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.

       There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.

In finding trial response, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person that he wants to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.

Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitation them leads to success.

41.   The statement that children learn by imitation is incomplete because ______.

A.      they only imitate authorities and experts

B.      they are not willing to copy their parents

C.      the process of identification has been ignored

D.     the nature of their imitation as a form of behavior has been neglected

42.   For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is ______.

A.   the need to find an authority

B.   the need to find a way to achieve the desired result

C.       the need for more affection from his parents

D.    the desire to meet the standards of his social group

43.   Children tend to imitate their models ______.

A.   who do not criticize them

B.   who bring them unexpected rewards

C.       whom they want to be like

D.      whose social status is high

44.“An identifying figure” in Paragraph 5 refers to a person _______.

A.   who serves as a model for others

B.      who is always successful

C.      who can be depended upon

D.   who has been rewarded for his success

Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.

The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating (启蒙性的) piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18^th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering (令人迷惑不解的) seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20^th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring I earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that yet be trusted.

But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

45. According to the author, really good science _________

   A. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18^th century Enlightenment.

   B. Will produce results which cannot be foreseen.

   C. will help people to make the right choice in advance.

   D. will bring about disturbing results.

46. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18^th century _________

   A. thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science.

   B. were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research.

   C. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature.

   D. did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature.

47. Which of the following is not mentioned about scientists in earlier times?

   A. They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.

   B. They falsely claimed to know all about nature.

   C. They did not believe in results from scientific observation.

   D. They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand.

48. The author believes that ___________.

   A. man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up

   B. man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect

   C. sooner or later man thinks up all the questions concerning nature and answer them.

   D. questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research.

Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:

    Homeschooling provides a child's main education program at home. Homeschooling takes the place of full-time school attendance and, in the United States and Canada, it usually meets state and provincial requirements for compulsory education. Families of various races, socioeconomic groups, educational backgrounds, and religious faiths teach their children at home.

    Families often choose to homeschool their children because they are dissatisfied with the instruction offered by their local public schools. Many parents also want to make religion a central part of their children’s education. Seventh-day Adventists and Mormons, for example, often provide religion-based homeschooling for their children (Adventists and Mormonism). Other families choose homeschooling so they can adapt the curriculum to match their child’s interests and abilities. Nearly all parents who choose homeschooling believe that it can help strengthen family bonds by allowing them to spend more time with their children.

     Educational analysts are unsure exactly how many children receive most of their schooling at home. Although many states now try to keep a count of homeschooled children, many families do not file papers with the government, making an accurate count difficult to determine. However, studies estimate that between 1 and 2 percent of school-aged children participate in homeschooling. These studies also suggest that the number has more than doubled every five years since 1980.

       Homeschooling has a long history. Before public education became widely available in the United States and Canada during the late 19th century, many children obtained a formal education at home. Even throughout the 20th century many parents have continued to homeschool their children, usually for religious or cultural reasons.

    In the 1960s and 1970s some families began homeschooling to provide an education in which the child is free to pursue subjects that stimulate personal interest. In this form of instruction, known as child-directed education, parents and other adults give support but do not impose a course of study on the child. Families who adopt this technique believe children learn best at home because they are motivated to pursue an education in a less-structured but stimulating environment.

    In the 1980s and 1990s even more families began homeschooling, often because of religious convictions. Many parents believed that public schools were placing less and less emphasis on moral instruction. Often, these parents felt they had a duty to educate their children in a religious environment at home. Parents who homeschool their children for religious reasons typically offer a combination of religious and secular(长期的) instruction.

49. Which of the following statements can NOT be the reason for parents to homeschool their children?

A. They are not satisfied with the public education.

B. They want to teach their children religious belief.

C. They want to be closer with their children.

D. They don’t want to let their children stay with other children.

50. In paragraph 2, “Seventh-day Adventists and Mormons” refers to ______.

A. a magazine

B. a newspaper

C. a text book

D. a group of people

51. Why can’t people get the exact amount of children who get homeschooling?

A. Because not all parents of homeschooled children report to the government.

B. Because there are more and more homeschooled children.

C. Because these people can estimate the amount.

D. Because homeschooling has a long history.

52. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______.

A. in the 1970s there are many families that began to homeschool their children.

B. more and more families will begin to homeschool their children.

C. some parents are not satisfied with the education their children get in school.

D. in homeschooling, children can be motivated to pursue an education actively.

Questions 53 to 55 are based on the following passage:

Although marriage customs vary greatly from one culture to another, the importance of the institution is universally acknowledged. Infant marriage, prevalent in places such as India and Melanesia, is a result of concern for family, caste(种性), and property alliances. Levirate, the custom by which a man might marry the wife of his deceased brother, was practiced chiefly by the ancient Hebrews, and designed to continue a family connection that was already established. Sororate, a custom still practiced in remote parts of the world, permits a man to marry one or more of his wife’s sisters, usually if she has died or cannot have children. Monogamy, the union of one man and one woman, is the prototype of human marriage and its most widely accepted form, predominating also in societies in which other forms of marriage are accepted. All other forms of marriage are generally classed under polygamy.

In most societies, marriage is established through a contractual procedure, generally with some sort of religious sanction(批准). Most marriages are preceded by a betrothal period, during which various rituals, such as exchanges of gifts and visits, lead to the final wedding ceremony and make the claims of the partners public. In societies where arranged marriages still predominate, families must negotiate dowries, future living arrangements, and other important matters before marriage can be arranged.
    Because marriage arouses apprehension as well as joy, Hindus, Buddhists, and many other communities consult astrologers before and after marriages are arranged to avoid unlucky times and places. In some societies fear of hostile spirits leads bridal couples to wear disguises at their weddings or sometimes even to send substitutes to the ceremony. In some countries, including Ethiopia, it was long customary to place an armed guard by the bridal couple during the wedding ceremony to protect them from demons. An exchange of rings or the joining of hands frequently represents the new bonds between the married couple, as in the United States and many other countries. Finally, the interest of the community is expressed in many ways, through feasting and dancing, the presence of witnesses, and the official sealing of marriage documents.

53. The custom of marriage of a man to his wife's sister or sisters, usually after the wife has died or proved sterile is called _____.

A. sororate

B. levirate

C. polygamy

D. monogamy

54. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The couple may exchange some thing before the marriage.

B. The bridal couple may ask a guard to stand before their house for one year to protect them.

C. The two families may negotiate dowries before marriage.

D. The parents of the couple may visit each other.

55. Why do some couples consult astrologers before arranging their marriage?

A. Because they want to avoid unlucky things.

B. Because it’s a custom.

C. Because it’s part of the ceremony.

D. Because they are told to do so.

Section B

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

The worst of the direct impact of the economic crisis may be over. Many of the hardest-hit countries are on the road to recovery, financial 'contagion'(传染) has been contained and world economic growth seems set to pick up soon.

The most important development, however, is a non-event(大事张扬而并无实际意义的事件): The collapse of global capitalism has not occurred. Instead, the post-crisis world is likely to be even more market-oriented than the one that preceded it, with a proliferation of new rules and practices that will help markets to operate more smoothly.

Not so long ago, terrible predictions were heard that the market economy would never be the same again. But there was always much wrong with that analysis. Free-market policies have not failed in Russia -- they have never been tried. Brazil has not collapsed, and Hong Kong and Malaysia are hardly enough to create a world trend. But it is still striking how little free-market policies and practices have been disrupted by the crisis.

The countries recovering best, such as Thailand and South Korea, are doing so by moving further in a free-market direction. None of the affected nations, except Malaysia, has tried to isolate itself from the global economy, and the widely feared worldwide wave of protectionism has not yet materialized.

Nor has there been the great rethinking of economic globalization that some feared and others advocated. The critics of global capitalism pounced on the crisis as proof of globalization's fatal flaws. Their analysis often concluded that 'there must be something better.' But nobody has actually come up with 'something better.' On the contrary, in looking for the way ahead, most economists have taken free-market principles as the starting point for new ideas, not called them into question.

Likewise, the efforts to devise a new 'international financial architecture' in the wake of the crisis, due to continue during the spring meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in Washington, will not involve rebuilding the system from scratch. The aim is to make incremental（递增的量）improvements in financial rules and practices that will oil the wheels of the market system, not to trade it in for a non-existent new model.

56. What is the meaning of the phrase “ hardest-hit countries” in the first paragraph?

57. According to the passage, did the world market economy collapse?

58. Which country separated itself from the world economy?

59. The author ______ that the economic crisis was a proof of globalization’s fault.

60. What is the aim of the spring meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in Washington?

PART IV      Cloze       (5%)

Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Until recently the opportunities for criminal activities on the Internet have been low. However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, ___61___ people order books and other products and make money transactions. All this is creating temptations for hackers. Hackers are often young people who are obsessed by computers. They use them to move quietly to the Internet, ___62__ ways to break into computers systems run by banks, telephone companies and __63__ Government departments. They look for examples of credit cards and try to steal the numbers. Hackers __64__ admit to a successful break-in. The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a deceitful money transaction on a credit card account. It is harder to check on somebody misusing an online connection unless there is a massive download of information which would alert the consumer.

Estimates for worldwide sales on the Internet now __65__ between $US40 billion and $US90 billion by the end of the year 2000. Much of this is in publishing and software purchases, __66__ draws much attention from the public to the Internet security, says Michael White, a manager for Clear Communications. “You’ve got to know your vendor, you just don’t give your credit card out to anybody,” he says. “And in the same way that you should regularly change your credit card access number, you can defeat hackers by regularly __67__ your Internet password. If you don’t, it’s like _68__ the bank door wide open.”  When it comes to creating your password, he recommends including a few punctuation marks and numbers rather than relying on letters in the alphabet. “A hacker tries to break in by using a standard computer program which is just looking at the 26 characters in the alphabet. Hackers move all the letters around, trying to find the correct __69__, which makes up a password. While the possibilities are vast, you’ve got to remember the speed AT which a computer works. The movie version of the guy sitting there typing in combinations is nonsense. It looks good but in fact you have a bit of software to do it. That’s what’s known as “brute force” cracking. You aren’t using anything clever, but if you add punctuation marks and numerals to a password it makes it that much __70__. ”

PART V        English-Chinese Translation            (10%)

Directions: In this part there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

    71. The Body Shop(保健化妆用品店)---good to its employees, its customers, the environment, worthy causes and the Third World---has pioneered a new kind of corporate culture, and made a great deal of money at the same time. When Anita Roddick, the founder of The Body Shop, is asked questions about her company, it is clear that she is passionate about the good work that The Body Shop does at the same time that it is a corporate business. Auckland businessman Roger Lampen of the job search Lampen Group Ltd says he's inspired by what he has read and heard about Roddick. “Her level of passion and commitment is what's really required in business now,” he says.

71.But first let's look at what makes The Body Shop seem just too good to be true. By all accounts, the huge British company, wich makes and sells skin and hair-care products around the world, is

Good to employees: they are encouraged to have fun to challenge management, to put love where their labour is;

Good to customers: they can sample products with in-store “testers” and buy small bottles to start with; they are given information about ingredients; they are offered refills at a discount;

Good to the Third World: 73.Anita Roddick, who runs the company, spends months each year travelling to remote regions to study the people's skin and hair care. She has set up several Third World suppliers under a “Trade not Aid” policy;

Good to charities and worthy causes: Amnesty(大赦) International, Romanian orphanages and the threatened rainforests of South America are among many beneficiaries of money, million-signature petitions, supplies, volunteers, membership sign-ups, shop-window campaigns;

Good to the environment: the Body Shop uses minimal packaging, recycles almost everything in sight and battles pollution. In one Body Shop paper-making business in Nepal, paper is made from water hyacinths(红锆石) that used to clog waterways, and from specially planted banana palms that have helped stop erosion and provide food. 74. Residue from the paper-making is used to make pots for transplanting much-needed trees. All this, plus jobs and income!

While Roddick might say nasty things about some of the Body Shop shareholders---she loathes uncaring “speculators” who are just in for a quick profit---the company has certainly been good for their bank accounts. Since the shares were floated, in 1981, their price has increased almost 100-fold, says Fortune magazine.

One London stock analyst, John Richards of Country Natwest, even compares Roddick to Christ. 75. Asked in a phone interview about how the Body Shop is likely to fare when Roddick retires, he says, “A couple of thousand years ago, you might have asked, ‘What's going to happen to Christianity if Jesus Christ dies?’ If Anita Roddick goes, the Body Shop could potentially become even stronger. The corporate culture is very strong.”

PART VI       Writing               (15%)

Directions: For this part, your are asked to write a letter of promotion. The information you need has been given out.  Your part of the composition should be about 120 words. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Answer Sheet.

1.         我公司决定对库存积压的各类商品进行清仓处理，其中有一些货物是贵方曾订购过的。

2.         因为贵方经常从我方定货，我方希望贵方能够先受益。另外价格可以在价目表的基础上再打8折。

3.         这种机会是难得的。希望贵方充分利用。

4.         价格有效期到下月末为止。

(完)