PART ⅠVocabulary and Structure(10%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.
1.The annual------of the department store starts tomorrow.
Astocking. Bstocktaking
Cstockpiling. Dstockholding.
2.Remember to ask for a ------of quality for these goods;otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.
Awarranty. Bpromise
Ccertificate. Drecejpt.
3.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government------.
Acontrol. Bmonopoly
Cbusiness. Dbelongings.
4.Bank notes are not usually------into gold nowadays.
Ainverted. Brevertible
Cconvertible. Ddiverting.
5.I------you that the goods will be delivered next week.
Ainsist. Bconfirm
Cassure. Densure.
6.The manager just------his resignation to the board meeting yesterday and today another one took his place.
Asent up. Bsent off
Csent out. Dsent in.
7.Lets not------over such a trifle!
Afall through. Bfall out
Cfall off. Dfall back.
8.The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features,but each has used them according to its national------.
Apersonality. Btemperament
Cinterest. Ddestiny.
9.Our journey was slow because the train stopped------at different villages.
Agradually. Bcontinuously
Cconstantly. Dcontinually.
10.When he realized the police had spotted him,the man------the exit as quickly as possible.
Amade for. Bmade out
Cmade up to. Dmade way.
11.The goods------when we arrived at the airport.
Awere just unloaded. Bwere just being unloaded
Cwere just been unloaded. Dhad just unloaded.
12.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds------his argument in favor of the new theory.
Awhich to base on. Bon which to base
Cto base on which. Dwhich to be based on.
13.I think your words carry more weight than------.
Aanybody else Bthat of anybody
Canybody else. Delse anybody
14.The second book was------by August 1996,but two years later,the end was still nowhere in sight.
Ato complete. Bcompleted
Cto have been completed. Dto have completed.
15.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I------fully occupied the whole of last week.
Awere. Bwas
Chad been. Dhave been.
16.No difficulty and no hardship------discouraged him.
Ahas. Bhave
Chas been. Dhave been.
17.I always keep candles in the house------there is a power cut.
Aif. Bin case
Con condition that. Dwhen.
18.Some modern childrens fiction deals with serious problems and situations with a realism seldom------in earlier books.
Aattempted. Battempting
Cbeing attempted. Dhaving attempted.
19.Written in a hurry,------.
Ahe made many mistakes in the paper.
Bthere were a lot of mistakes in the paper.
Cwe found plenty of errors in her paper
Dthe paper was full of errors.
20.Some student prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer------to work on their own.
Aleaving. Bto leave
Chaving been left. Dto be left.
PART Cloze (10%)
Directions:For each mumbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet..
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions,the bases 21the decisions we make,and the roots of our habits and skills are to be 22in our past experiences,which are brought into the present23memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep 24 available for later use.It includes not only"remembering"thing like arithmetic or historical facts,but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves.Memory is25when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory is also involved when a sixyearold child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory26not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines.Computers,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use.It is interesting to compare the memorystorage capacity of a computer27that of a human being.The instantaccess memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000"words"ready for28use.A naverage American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100,000 words of English.However,this is but a fraction of the total29 of information which the teenager has stored.Consider,for example,the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problemsolving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and30of words.
21Aof. Bto. Cfor. Don
22Akept. Bfound. Csought. Dstored
23Aby. Bfrom. Cwith. Din
24.Aexperiences. BbasesCobservations. Dinformation.
25Acalled. Btaken. Cinvolved. Dincluded
26Aexists. Bappears. Caffects. Dseems
27Ato. Bwith. Cagainst. Dfor
28.Aprogressive. Binstructive Cinstant. Dprotective.
29Adeal. Bnumber. Cmount. Damount
30.Acombinations. Bcorrections Ccoordinations. Dcollections.
PART ⅢReading Comprehension (50%)
Section A
Directions:.There are 5 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil..
Questions 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:
The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulation,inspections,deposit insurance,and loans to troubled banks.For over 50 years,these precautions have prevented banking panics.However,there have been some close calls.The collapse of Continental lllinois Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system,but it certainly rattled some windows.
In the late 1970s,Continental soared to a leadership position among Midwestern banks.Parts of its growth strategy were risky,however.It made many loans in the energy field,including $1 billion that it took over from Penn Square Band of Oklahoma City.To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans,Continental relied heavily on shortterm borrowing from other banks and large,30day certificates of deposit-"hot money",in banking jargon.At least one Continental officer saw danger signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors,but the memo went unheeded .Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis,it failed to see low serious its problems were going to be.
Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982.When energy prices began to slip,most of the $1 billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be had.Other loans to troubled companies such Chrysler,lnternational Harvester,and Braniff looked questionable.Seeing these problem，"hot money"owners began to pull their funds out of Continental.
By the spring of 1984,a run on Continental had begun.In May,the bank had to borrow $3.5 billion from the Fed to replace overnight funds it bad lost.But this was not enough.To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continemtal,the FDIC agreed to guarantee not just the first $100,000 of each depositors money but all of it.Nevertheless,the run continued.
Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take over Continental-a common way of rescuing failing banks.But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed.Regulators faced a stark choice:Let Continental collapse,or take it over themselves.
Letting the bank fail seemed too risky.It was estimated that more than 100 other banks had placed enough funds in Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed.Thus,on a rainy Thursday at the end of July,the FDIC in effect nationalized Continental Illinois at a cost of $4.5 billion.This kept the banks doors open and prevented a chain reaction.However,in all but a technical sense,Continental had become the biggest bank failure in U.S.history.
31.In the spring of 1984,Continental experienced------.
Aa fast growth period. Ba stability period
Ca run. Dan oil price decrease.
32.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was------.
Adestroyed. Babsurd
Cdesperate. Ddamaged.
33.The nationalizatin of Continental------.
Asaved it
Bmade"hot money"owners continue to pull their funds out of Continental.
Calmost brought down the banking system
Dfired many highranking officers.
34.Banking panics may be prevented by means of------.
Adeposit insurance.Bgrowth strategy
Clongterm borrowing.Dwarning memo.
Questions 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills,American firms have a problem.Humanresource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility.Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
The lack of importance attached to humanresource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy.In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of humanresource managements is usually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy.The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of contrast,in Japan the head of humanresource management is central-usually the second most important executive,after the CEO,in the firms hierarchy.
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees.And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example,take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity,and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is a slower pace of technological change.And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half.If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
35.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?
A.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.
B.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.
C.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment..
D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.
36.What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm?
A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm..
B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.
C.He is directly under the chief financial executive.
D.He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm..
37.The money most American firms spend in training mainly goes to----.
Aworkers who can operate new equipment
Btechnological and managerial staff
Cworkers who lack basic background skills
Dtop executives.
38.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.
B.Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective humanresource man agement.
C.The head of humanresource management must be in the central position in a firmhierarchy..
D.The humanresource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity...
