Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:
Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total independence
of it; and exist in much greater clearness, and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but
their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything, men want
everything, Government is a contrivance (发明)of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be
provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants is to be reckoned the want, out of civil society,
of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. Society requires not only that the passions of
individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals,
the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted (阻挠,使挫折),their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can only be done by a
power out of themselves; and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and those
passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense, the liberties and the restrictions
vary with times and circumstances, and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon
by any abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle.
The moment you abate (减少)anything from the full rights o men ,each to golem himself ,and suffer any artificial, positive
limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes
a consideration of convenience. This it is which makes the contusion of a state, and the due
distribution of its powers, a matter of the most delicate and complicated skill. It requires a deep
knowledge of human nature and human necessities, and of the thugs that facilitate or obstruct the
various ends, which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions .The state is to have
recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. What is the use of discussing a man’s
abstract right to food and medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and
administering them. In that deliberation, I shall always advise to call in the and of the farmer and
the physician, rather than the professor of metaphysics (形而上学)。
59 According to the author, government
A. is made by men
B. is made in virtue of natural rights
C. has a right to everything
D. Wants everything
60.The author states that the will and the people themselves of the people_________.
A. Can be effectively controlled by the people themselves
B. Should determine government policies
C. Can be controlled only by a power that exists apart from the people and is not subject to
that will and those passions
D. Cannot be controlled
61.The restraints on men as well as the liberties of men ;______.
A .are matters for individual concern
B. Are rights of men
C. Should be of no concern to the movement
D. Cannot be tolerated by a people
62.Besides a deep knowledge of human nature and human necessities, establishing a constitution
of a state and deciding upon its powers require a knowledge of _________.
A. The liberties and restrictions on man, rights
B. The things which facilitate or obstruct the ends pursued in that stets civil institutions
C. The will of all the peptic
D. The constitutions of many nations
Questions 63to 65are based on the following passage：
The term corporate culture refers to an organization’s value system . Managerial philosophies,
workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture.
Tyson Food’s corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone—even CEO Don Tyson wears tan clothes on the job.
The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate
culture. One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees.
Sometimes this is part of formal training; new managers who attend McDonald, Hamburger
University may learn skills in management, but they also pick up the basics of the organization’s
corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well, by
talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.
Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with
strong cultures, everyone knows and supports the organizations’ objectives. In those with weak
cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists . In fact ,the authors of the classic book In Search of
Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread
among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald’s
As you can imagine, changing a company’s corporate culture can be very difficult. But some
managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the
organization’s objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive
situation of a company changes; electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by
public regulation, now face capitalist_style competition. Firms that were comfortable
competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from
overseas, too.
Management expert Peter Duckers feels that, rather than trying to change culture, managers
should focus on changing employees, habits, as follows:
*Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization (or
department, or office ) needs to achieve.
*Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization .
Analyze the departments that are already effective find out what they are doing differently from
the rest.
*Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Rucker suggests that
executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.
*Change the reward system_or develop a new one_to recognize these effective habits.
When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach, they will
adopt it much more quickly .
Whether one wants to change an organization’s culture or not, it is important to choose managers
and employees whose personal styles fit the organization’s goals.
63.According to the author, which of the following is true?
A. The corporate culture of a corporation can be hard to change
B. The corporate culture of a corporation should never be changed
C. Strong corporate cultures should not be changed
D. Strong corporate culture is harder to be changed than weak ones.
64. According to peter Drunker, when changing employees, a manager should________.
A. First determine which parts of the organization best meet the corporate culture
B. First determine what is to be achieved by the corporation
C. Reward all the employees that best know the organizations corporate culture
D. Restructure the organization
65. According to the passage, in McDonalds Hamburger University,________
A. New managers learn the organizations corporate culture at length
B. New managers have the chances to know about the organizations corporate culture
C. New managers spend more time in studying the organizations corporate culture rather than
management skills
D. New managers are usually more interested in learning the management skills
Part B
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the five questions.
Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
The greatest advantage in making your will is that it enables you to name the person you would
like to have charge hands. You know that it will be done by someone who is a friend of yours
and who will take a personal interest in seeing that your wishes are carried out .If the court has
to appoint(任命)an administrator of your estate, while he is bound to follow the law, there is no assurance that
it will be done the way you would have wanted it done.
Secondly, there are many things you can do in a will that cannot be done under the mere
operation of the law. If you want to favor one relative over another, you can do so if you
write your will. If you wish to leave some of your property to a good friend, the will it the
only way you can do it. If you want your business to be carried on by one of the state law
would not allow these things to be done.
Secondly, there are many things you can do in a will that cannot be done under the mere
operation of the law. If you want to favor one relative over another, you can do so if you
write your will. If you wish to leave some of your property to a good friend, the will is the
only way you can do it .If you want your business to be carried on by one of your heirs for
a period of time after your death, it will have to be stated in a will. The mere operation of the
state law would not allow these things to be done.
Suppose you are killed in an automobile accident. You and your wife have no, children, but both
of you have parents living. Immediately upon your death your wife inherited all o your property
by law. One month after your death, and before your wife has taken the time to write a will,
she becomes suddenly ill and dies. Since she has no will, all of your property which she
inherited from you now goes to her parents. Your parents are left without a cent. Certainly, you
would not have wanted it this eau had you taken the trouble to write your will and despised of
your property according to your wishes.
66. What is the best title for this passage?
67. If you die without a will left, then who will probably, according to the author, take charge
of disposing of your property?
68. If you have no relatives, can your best friend obtain your property after your death?
Through what way?
69. What does “it ”in “…that it will be in capable hands” in Paragraph I refer to?
70. How does the author make his point easy to be understood?
Section V Translation (10points)
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined
into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.
Genius is something that is difficult to measure to measure quantitatively since it is a unique
quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. (71)By contrast intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polymeric①character that can be molded ②by the environment.
Intelligence is a qualitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but it has a single
dimension of expression.(72)There are several limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear③scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes ④.Any number
of gene combination may predispose an individual to musical genius, or to painting ,or to
designing computer programs, etc. The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not
be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different
ways in markedly different environments.
(73)For example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with illness and disease,
educational, social and economic levels even the skin color of the examiner
conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect! There is also difficulty in deciding what
intelligence should be applied to lean? Is it related to the enquiring mind or to motivation?
Consequently comparisons between an IQ test given to a University student and to an Aborigine
in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most unlikely to measure the same
behavior.(74)Not only are the genotypes and the environments of these two individuals totally different, but
their motivations for achievement in particular activities will be different.
Indeed, as some articles, which the problems mentioned above show, people who believe they can
estimate genetic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are
statistically naïve.
(75)If some races or social groups in the human population can be inferior in intelligence, it opens up
the possibility that some segregationists or politicians could bring in legislation or policies to
suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population .
History certainly shows that this suggestion is quite likely when ruthless are in positions of
power.
Can you see why the false scientific conclusions could become dangerous socially and politically?
Notes:
(1) Polymeric: having many genes
(2) Mould: to shape or form
(3) Linear: of lines
(4) Genotypes: types of gene
Section VI Writing (15points)
76. Directions: In this diction, you are asked to write a composition entitled Is Failure a Bad
Thing or a Good Thing? Your composition should be based on the Answer Sheet 2.
Outline:
1. Failure is what often happens.
2. Different attitudes towards failure
3. Your attitude.
答案
41.C42.B43.D44.D45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.C
51.B52.D 53.D54.A55.A56.B57.C58.B59.A60.D
61难题这一大于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
62行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
63自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
64自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
65(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
Section IVWriting (20 points)
66(略)
