增\n①Jakobson\u0027s view\nFor Jakobson, language is above all, as any semiotic system, for communication. He established a well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication, namely: \nreferential (to convey message and information),\n\npoetic (to indulge in language for its own sake),\n\nemotive (to express attitudes,feelings, and emotions), \n\nconative (to persuade and influenceothers through commands and entreaties),\n\nphatic (to establish communion with others) and \n\nmetalingual function (to clear up intentions,words and meanings).\n\n1雅科布逊的观品\n雅科布逊认为，和任何符号系统样，语言首先是为了交流。他在交流系数的六大要素的基础之上建立了一套着名的语言功能的框架，即：所指功能(传达备息)，诗学功能(享受语言自身的乐趣)，情感功能(表达态度、感觉和感情)，意动功能(通过命令和恳求去说服和影响他人)，寒暄功能(与他人建立交流)，和元语言功能(弄清意图、词语和意义)。\n\n② Halliday\u0027s view\nHalliday put forward a theory of metafunctions of language,including ideational, interpersonal,and textual functions.\n\nIdeational function: It refers to the fact that language has the function to convey new information, to communicatea content that is unknown to the hearer.\n\nInterpersonal function: It refers to the fact that language has the function to embody all uses of language to express social and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act. \n\nTextual function: It refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written dis- course into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.\n\n\n②韩礼德的观点\n韩礼德提出语言元功能的理论，即：概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。\n概念功能：指语言具有表达新的信息或是给听话者传递一定的未知内容的功能。\n人际功能：指语言能使说话者充分运用语言来表达社会和个人的关系，包括说话者进入语言情境和实施言语行为的方式。\n语篇功能：指语言中存在着一种机制将口头或书面的话语组织成连贯统一的语篇，这种机制使实际的语言区别于一系列随意的句子。。