上海生命科学研究院考研——专业课复习笔记生物化学资料篇
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winners 2000-1901
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2000 The prize was awarded jointly to:
ARVID CARLSSON, PAUL GREENGARD and ERIC KANDEL for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.
1999 The prize was awarded to: GÜNTER BLOBEL, for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.
1998 The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT, LOUIS J. IGNARRO and FERID MURAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
1997 STANLEY B. PRUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection
1996 The prize was awarded jointly to: PETER C. DOHERTY and ROLF M. ZINKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
1995 The prize was awarded jointly to: EDWARD B. LEWIS, CHRISTIANE NSLEIN-VOLHARD and ERIC F. WIESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.
1994 The prize was awarded jointly to: ALFRED G. GILMAN and MARTIN RODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.
1993 The prize was awarded jointly to: RICHARD J. ROBERTS and PHILLIP A. SHARP for their independent discoveries of split genes.
1992 The prize was awarded jointly to: EDMOND H. FISCHER and EDWIN G. KREBS for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.
1991 The prize was awarded jointly to: ERWIN NEHER and BERT SAKMANN for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells.
1990 The prize was awarded jointly to: JOSEPH E. MURRAY and E. DONNALL THOMAS for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease.
1989 The prize was awarded jointly to: J. MICHAEL BISHOP and HAROLD E. VARMUS for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.
1988 The prize was awarded jointly to: SIR JAMES W. BLACK , GERTRUDE B. ELION and GEORGE H. HITCHINGS for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.
1987 SUSUMU TONEGAWA for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity.
1986 The prize was awarded jointly to: STANLEY COHEN and RITA LEVI-MONTALCINI for their discoveries of growth factors.
1985 The prize was awarded jointly to: MICHAEL S. BROWN and JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
1984 The prize was awarded jointly to: NIELS K. JERNE , GEORGES J.F. KLER and CAR MILSTEIN for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.
1983 BARBARA MC CLINTOCK for her discovery of mobile genetic elements.
1982 The prize was awarded jointly to: SUNE K. BERGSTR , BENGT I. SAMUELSSON and SIR JOHN R. VANE for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.
1981 The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to:ROGER W. SPERRY for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres.and the other half awarded jointly to:DAVID H. HUBEL and TORSTEN N. WIESEL for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system.
1980 The prize was awarded jointly to: BARUJ BENACERRAF , JEAN DAUSSET and GEORGE D. SNELL for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.
1979 The prize was awarded jointly to: ALAN M. CORMACK and SIR GODFREY N. HOUNSFIELD for the development of computer assisted tomography.
1978 The prize was awarded jointly to:：WERNER ARBER , DANIEL NATHANS nd HAMILTON O. SMITH for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics.
1977 The prize was divided equally, one half awarded jointly to: ROGER GUILLEMIN and ANDREW V. SCHALLY for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain and the other half awarded to: ROSALYN YALOW for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.
1976 The prize was awarded jointly to: BARUCH S. BLUMBERG and D. CARLETON GAJDUSEK for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases.
1975 The prize was awarded jointly to: DAVID BALTIMORE , RENATO DULBECCO and HOWARD MARTIN TEMIN for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell.
1974 The prize was awarded jointly to: ALBERT CLAUDE , CHRISTIAN DE DUVE and GEORGE E. PALADE for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell.
1973 The prize was awarded jointly to: KARL VON FRISCH , KONRAD LORENZ and NIKOLAAS TINBERGEN for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns.
1972 The prize was awarded jointly to: GERALD M. EDELMAN and RODNEY R. PORTER for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies.
1971 EARL W. JR. SUTHERLAND for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the
action of hormones.
1970 The prize was awarded jointly to: SIR BERNARD KATZ , ULF VON EULER and JULIUS AXELROD for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation.
1969 The prize was awarded jointly to: MAX DELBRK , ALFRED D. HERSHEY and SALVADOR E. LURIA for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the gentic structure of viruses.
1968 The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT W. HOLLEY , HAR GOBIND KHORANA and MARSHALL W. NIRENBERG for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
1967 The prize was awarded jointly to: RAGNAR GRANIT , HALDAN KEFFER HARTLINE and GEORGE WALD for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye.
1966 The prize was divided equally, one half awarded to: PEYTON ROUS for his discovery of tumorinducing viruses and the other half to:CHARLES BRENTON HUGGINS for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.
1965 The prize was awarded jointly to: FRANIS JACOB , ANDR?/font> LWOFF and JACOUES MONOD for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.
1964 The prize was awarded jointly to: KONRAD BLOCH and FEODOR LYNEN for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism.
1963 The prize was awarded jointly to: SIR JOHN CAREW ECCLES , SIR ALAN LLOYD HODGKIN and SIR ANDREW FIELDING HUXLEY for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.
1962 The prize was awarded jointly to: FRANCIS HARRY COMPTON CRICK , JAMES DEWEY WATSON and MAURICE HUGH FREDERICK WILKINS for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.
1961 GEORG VON BY for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea.
1960 The prize was awarded jointly to: SIR FRANK MACFARLANE BURNET and SIR PETER BRIAN MEDAWAR for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.
1959 The prize was awarded jointly to: SEVERO OCHOA and ARTHUR KORNBERG for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxiribonucleic acid.
1958 The prize was divided equally, one half awarded jointly to: GEORGE WELLS BEADLE and EDWARD LAWRIE TATUM for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events and the other half to: JOSHUA LEDERBERG for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria.
1957 DANIEL BOVET for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles.
1956 The prize was awarded jointly to: ANDR font FRIC COURNAND , WERNER FORSSMANN and DICKINSON W. RICHARDS for their discoveries concerning heart catherization and pathological changes in the circulatory system.
1955 AXEL HUGO THEODOR THEORELL for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes.
1954 The prize was awarded jointly to: JOHN FRANKLIN ENDERS , THOMAS HUCKLE WELLER and FREDERICK CHAPMAN ROBBINS for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue.
