IX.
　　1. "lash" as in ""'Camille lashed northwestward across tile gulf of Mexico". A vivid way to say "strike with great force".
　　2. "pummel" as in "It was certain to pummel Gulfport..."Because the 'word is originally applied to human beings, meaning "beat repeatedly with the fists".
　　3. "whip" as in "Wind and rain now whipped the house". Because it is more vivid than "fall heavily on".
　　4. "kill" as in "the electrical systems had been killed by water". Because it leaves a deeper impression on the readers than "stop" does.
　　5. "inch one' s way" as in "Water inched its way up the steps …” It makes the readers also see clearly that water was rising little by little.
　　6. "bother" as in "no hurricane has ever bothered it". It virtually means "do damage to" here.
　　7. "lap" as in "John watched the water lap at the steps…", meaning "extend beyond some limit" or, in fact, "rise slowly".
　　8. "skim" as in "the hurricane ... lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air", which gives the readers a deep impression of how strong the wind was.
　　9. "seize" as in "It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank 1and dumped it 3ymiles away". It seemed as if the hurricane had a very strong and large hand.
　　10. "crack" and "snap" as in "Telephone poles and 20-inch thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them", providing the readers with a vivid picture of winds blowing violently.

X. Simile:
　　1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)
　　2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)
Metaphor :
　　1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)
　　2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)
Personification :
　　1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
　　2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2miles away. (The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.).

Ⅺ.
　　Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.

Ⅻ.
　　The topic sentence of paragraph 1 is "John Koshak, Jr. ,knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. " This idea is developed or supported by facts or reasons showing how John Koshak, Jr. , knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad．The last sentence introduces some other characters in he story and serves as a transition to the next important point in the story—why John KoshakJr．，decided not to abandon his home．

ⅩⅢ．
　　在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。
　　The sentence fragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。
The run—on sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、 结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。
The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联。关联连词(both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。
The shift in point of view：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：
The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu．
These snakes are dangerous。However，most snakes are quite harmless．
　　3．Looking out toward the horizon，she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born，a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie．
　　4．We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent．
　　5．Last year，after I had graduated from high school．my father put me to work in his office．
　　6．To appreciate the poem，one must read it aloud．
　　7．1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday．
　　8．Driving across the state，one saw many beautiful lakes．
　　9．Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful．
　　1O．I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends．
　　11．He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers．
　　12．I am interested in electronics，which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science．
　　13．We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and the shelves。
　　14．If one’s mouth is dry，one should eat a lump of sugar or chew gum．
　　15．You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 to you and is constantly trying to detect your mistakes

ⅪV. Omitted.

XV.Gale Kills People
　　Four people got killed when a gale swept across several parts of South England and Wales yesterday. A school boy of ten was struck by flying debris and lost his life when the roof of a prefabricated classroom was blown off and the walls caved in. The boy was one of seventy children being led to safety. When the teacher saw the roof beginning to lift, he asked his pupils to follow him to a safe place. Unfortunately, the boy was killed. Another two children were taken to hospital with slight injury.
A woman, aged 81, was killed when a chimney, dislodged by a strong wind, fell through the roof of her home. Another woman, a resident on the first floor of a building, was also killed outright by the falling masonry.
Some residents were taken to hospital and the rest evacuated. A driver met his death near a filling station when his car ran into a tree that had fallen across the road.