3. According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCR's in the VHS format because they believed which of the following?

　　(A) VCR's in the VHS format were technically better than competing-format VCR's.

　　(B) VCR's in the VHS format were less expensive than competing-format VCR's.

　　(C) VHS was the first standard format for VCR's.

　　(D) VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available than Beta-format tapes.

　　(E) VCR's in the Beta format would soon cease to be produced.

　　4. The author implies that one way that VHS producers won control over the VCR market was by

　　(A) carefully restricting access to VCR technology

　　(B) giving up a slight early lead in VCR sales in order to improve long-term prospects.

　　(C) retaining a strict monopoly on the production of prerecorded videotapes.

　　(D) sharing control of the marketing of VHS-format VCR's

　　(E) sacrificing technological superiority over Betaformat VCR's in order to remain competitive in price.

　　5. The alignment of producers of VHS-format VCR's with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following?

　　(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines.

　　(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass company whereby the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass company

　　(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum company to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer.

　　(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.

　　(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile

　　6. Which of the following best describes the relation of the first paragraph to the passage as a whole?

　　(A) It makes a general observation to be exemplified.

　　(B) It outlines a process to be analyzed.

　　(C) It poses a question to be answered.

　　(D) It advances an argument to be disputed.

　　(E) It introduces conflicting arguments to be reconciled.