4. The passage suggests which of the following about N automation in the machine-tool industry?

　　(A) It displaced fewer skilled workers than R/P automation did.

　　(B) It could have been implemented either by experienced machinists or by computer engineers.

　　(C) It was designed without the active involvement skilled machinists.

　　(D) It was more difficult to design than R/P automation was.

　　(E) It was technically superior to R/P automation.

　　5. Which of the following phrases most clearly reveals the attitude of the author of the passage toward Noble's central argument?

　　(A) "conspired against" (line 6)

　　(B) "intolerable to management" (line 7)

　　(C) "impressive when he applies the Marxist concept" (line 9)

　　(D) "clearly prefers" (line 16)

　　(E) "only evidence of conspiracy" (line 21)

　　6. The author of the passage commends Noble's book for which of the following?

　　(A) Concentrating on skilled as opposed to unskilled workers in its discussion of the machine-tool industry

　　(B) Offering a generalization about the motives behind the machine-tool industry's decision to automate

　　(C) Making an essential distinction between two kinds of technology employed in the machine-tool industry

　　(D) Calling into question the notion that managers conspired against labor in the automation of the machine-tool industry

　　(E) Applying the concept of de-skilling to the machine- tool industry

　　7. Which of the following best characterizes Forces of Production as it is described in the passage?

　　(A) A comparison of two interpretations of how a particular industry evolved

　　(B) An examination of the origin of a particular concept            in industrial economics

　　(C) A study that points out the weakness of a particular interpretation of an industrial phenomenon

　　(D) A history of a particular industry from an ideological point of view

　　(E) An attempt to relate an industrial phenomenon in one industry to a similar phenomenon in another industry