2. Which of the following best describes a "labor club," as defined in the passage?

　　(A) An organization to which Issei were compelled to belong if they sought employment in the Pajaro Valley

　　(B) An association whose members included labor contractors and landowning "bosses"

　　(C) A type of farming corporation set up by Issei who had resided in the Pajaro Valley for some time

　　(D) A cooperative association whose members were dues-paying Japanese laborers

　　(E) A social organization to which Japanese laborers and their families belonged

　　3. Based on information in the passage, which of the following statements concerning the Alien Land Law of 1913 is most accurate?

　　(A) It excluded American-born citizens of Japanese ancestry from landownership.

　　(B) It sought to restrict the number of foreign immigrants to California.

　　(C) It successfully prevented Issei from ever purchasing farmland.

　　(D) It was applicable to first-generation immigrants but not to their American-born children.

　　(E) It was passed under pressure from the Pajaro Valley's strawberry farmers.

　　4. Several Issei families join together to purchase a strawberry field and the necessary farming equipment. Such a situation best exemplifies which of the following, as it is described in the passage?

　　(A) A typical sharecropping agreement

　　(B) A farming corporation

　　(C) A "labor club"
(D) The "boss" system

　　(E) Circumvention of the Alien Land Law

　　5. The passage suggests that which of the following was an indirect consequence of the collapse of the sugar beet industry in the Pajaro Valley?

　　(A) The Issei formed a permanent, family-based community.

　　(B) Boardinghouses were built to accommodate the Issei.

　　(C) The Issei began to lease land in their children's names.

　　(D) The Issei adopted a labor contract system similar to that used by Chinese immigrants.

　　(E) The Issei suffered a massive dislocation caused by unemployment.

　　6. The author of the passage would most likely agree that which of the following, if it had been included in Nakane's study, would best remedy the particularistic nature of that study?

　　(A) A statistical table comparing per capita income of Issei wage laborers and sharecroppers in the Pajaro Valley

　　(B) A statistical table showing per capita income of Issei in the Pajaro Valley from 1890 to 1940

　　(C) A statistical table showing rates of farm ownership by Japanese Americans in four central California counties from 1890 to 1940

　　(D) A discussion of original company documents dealing with the Pajaro Valley sugar beet industry at the turn of the century

　　(E) Transcripts of interviews conducted with members of the Pajaro Valley Japanese American community who were born in the 1920's and 1930's.

　　7. It can be inferred from the passage that, when the Issei began to lease land from the Valley's strawberry farmers, the Issei most probably did which of the following?

　　(A) They used profits made from selling the strawberry crop to hire other Issei.

　　(B) They negotiated such agricultural contracts using the "boss" system.
        (C) They paid for the use of the land with a share of the strawberry crop.

　　(D) They earned higher wages than when they raised sugar beets.

　　(E) They violated the Alien Land Law.