(六)形容词、副词
1．形容词修饰名词/代词；副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语、表语。
序号 | 功用 | 词类 | 位置用法 | 例词/例句 |
1 | 定语 | 形容词 | 在中心词前 | He’s a small Japanese boy. |
副词 | 在中心词后 | I’ve got used to the life here. | ||
2 | 状语 | 形容词 | 句首/中，表原因/时间 句末/中，表伴随/结果 | Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest. He lay in bed, awake. |
副词 | 在被修饰词前、后修饰全句，位置灵活 | You are quite right. Sometimes he goes to school on foot. | ||
3 | 表语 | 形容词 副词 | 系动词后 | He is tired. They are out. |
4 | 补语 | 形容词 | 作主补在谓语后 作宾补在宾语后 | The little boy was found dead. He find it very useful. |
副词 | 作主补在谓语后 作宾补在宾语后 | She was seen out. Let me show you out. |
注意：
（1）the/these/those+形容词表示一类人/物；成对的形容词这样用时可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
（2）“enough足够的”作定语时既可放在中心词前也可放在中心词后；但作副词时只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
（3）许多以前缀a-构成的形容词常作后置定语，这样的形容词有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
（4）形容词修饰由some/any/no/every与one/body/thing构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
（5）形容词（与其他词组/语构成的）短语作定语时要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
（6）几个副词作状语并列时，位置一般按方式→地点→时间顺序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
（7）几个形容词并列作表语时，并列的词之间用逗号隔开，最后两个词之间用and(but/yet)等连接，并列词的先后顺序较灵活（有时将强调的词放在最后）。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及形式：
规 则 变 化 | 构 成 | 形 式 | |||||
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | |||||
单音节词和少数以-er, -ow, -le, -y结尾的双音节词 | 一般 | tall | 加-er | taller | 加-est | tallest | |
以不发音e结尾 | noble | 加-r | nobler | 加-st | noblest | ||
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 | wet big | 双写最后辅音字母再加-er | wetter bigger | 双写最后辅音字母再加-est | wettest biggest | ||
辅音字母加-y结尾的词 | easy heavy | 改y为i再加-er | easier heavier | 改y为i再加-est | easiest heaviest | ||
多音节词，多数双音节词及部分加-ly等变来或由分词变来的词 | delicious slowly tired tiresome | 词前加more | more delicious more slowly more tired more tiresome | 词前加most | most delicious most slowly most tired most tiresome | ||
不 规 则 变 化 | good well | better | best | ||||
bad/ill badly | worse | worst | |||||
many much | more | most | |||||
little | less | least | |||||
old | elder | eldest | |||||
older | oldest | ||||||
far | farther | farthest | |||||
further | furthest | ||||||
late | later | latest | |||||
latter | last | ||||||
注意：
（1）形容词最高级前要用the,而副词最高级前的the可省。
（2）下面这些词的比较等级可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most构成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.
