Questions 16~20
World prehistory is written from data recovered from thousands of archaeological sites, places where traces of human activity are to be found. Sites are normally identified through the presence of manufactured tools.
Archaeological sites are most commonly classified by the activity that occurred there. Habitation sites are places where people lived and carried out a wide range of different activities. Most prehistoric sites come under this category, but habitation sites can vary from a small open campsite through rockshelters and caves, to large accumulations of shellfish remains (shell middens). Village habitation sites may consist of a small accumulation of occupation deposit and mud hut fragments, huge earthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Each presents its own special excavation problems.
Burial sites provide a wealth of information on the prehistoric past. Grinning skeletons are very much part of popular archaeological legend, and human remains are common finds in the archaeological record. The earliest deliberate human burials are between fifty and seventy thousand years old. Individual burials are found in habitation sites, but often the inhabitants designated a special area for a cemetery. This cemetery could be a communal burial place where everyone was buried regardless of social status. Other burial sites, like the Shang royal cemeteries in China, were reserved for nobility alone. Parts of a cemetery were sometimes reserved for certain special individuals in society such as clan leaders or priests. The patterning of grave goods in a cemetery can provide information about intangible aspects of human society such as religious beliefs or social organization. So can the pattern of deposition of the burials, their orientation in their graves, even family grouping. Sometimes physical anthropologists can detect biological similarities between different skeletons that may reflect close family, or other, ties.
Quarry sites are places where people mined prized raw materials such as obsidian (a volcanic glass used for fine knives and mirrors) or copper. Excavations at such sites yield roughed out blanks of stone, or metal ingots, as well as finished products ready for trading elsewhere. Such objects were bartered widely in prehistoric times.
Art sites such as the cave of Altamira in northern Spain, or Lascaux in southwestern France, are commonplace in some areas of the world, noticeably southern Africa and parts of North America. Many are caves and rockshelters where prehistoric people painted or engraved game animals, scenes of daily life, or religious symbols. Some French art sites are at least fifteen thousand years old.

Each of these site types represents a particular form of human activity, one that is represented in the archaeological record by specific artifact patterns and surface indications found and recorded by the archaeologist.

16. An archaeological site is defined as a place where __________.
(A) some record of human activity is found
(B) humans bury beloved animals
(C) evidence of plant or animal life exists
(D) particular rock formations suggest the patterns of history

17. Generally speaking, archaeological sites are classified according to __________.
(A) the people who lived there
(B) the historical period during which they were occupied
(C) the type of activity for which they were used
(D) the degree of civilization of those who lived there

18. The author mentions all of the following features of graves which may provide archaeologists with information about a particular society EXCEPT _______.
(A) the location of the grave
(B) the goods buried with the person
(C) The degree of preservation of the body
(D) The orientation of the body in the grave

19. Quarry sites are places where _________.
(A) game was slaughtered
(B) prized animals were buried
(C) raw materials were dug from the earth
(D) building materials for burial sites were located

20. According to the passage, art sites often contain ___________.
(A) paintings showing scenes of daily life
(B) engravings of famous people
(C) paintings recording the location of burial sites
(D) tools and primitive devices used for engraving

Questions 21-25
I got used, too. To my employer’s violent changes of front. There was one morning when Siegfried came down to breakfast, rubbing a hand wearily over red-rimmed eyes.
‘Out at 2 a.m.,’ he groaned, buttering his toast listlessly. ‘And I don’t like to have to say this, James, but it’s all your fault.’
‘My fault?’ I said, startled.
‘Yes lad, your fault. The farmer has a sick cow for several days and at 2 o’clock this morning he finally decided to call the vet. When I pointed out it could have waited a few hours more he said Mr. Herriot told him never to hesitate to ring—he’d come out any hour of the day or night.’
He tapped the top of his egg as though the effort was almost too much for him. ‘Well, it’s all very well being conscientious and all that, but if a thing has waited several days it can wait till morning. You’re spoiling these chaps, James, and I’m getting the backwash of it. I’m sick and tired of being dragged out of bed for trifles.’
‘I’m truly sorry, Siegfried. I honestly had no wish to do that to you. Maybe it’s just my inexperience. If I didn’t go out, I’d be worried the animal might die. If I left it till morning and it died, how would I feel?’
‘That’s all right,’ snapped Siegfried. ‘There’s nothing like a dead animal to bring them to their senses. They’ll call us out a bit earlier next time.’
I absorbed this bit of advice and tried to act on it. A week later, Siegfried said he wanted a word with me.
‘James, I know you won’t mind my saying this, but old Sumner was complaining to me today. He says he rang you the other night and you refused to come out to his cow. He’s a good client, you know, and a very nice fellow, but he was quite shirty about it. We don’t want to lose a chap like that.’
‘But it was just a chronic mastitis,’ I said ‘A bit of thickening in the milk, that’s all. He’d been dosing it himself for nearly a week with some quack remedy. The cow was eating all right, so I thought it would be quite safe to leave it till next day.’