上述现象反映在本次试题中依然突出。考生或闪烁其辞、或妄加猜测、或随意附会,个中原因再次被孙博士言中。因此.孙博士力主“考生除平时加强对时事、经济类文章的阅和信息获取,扩大词汇量外,还应积极培养根据上下文有效猜测词义的能力”。
所谓“根据上下文有效猜测词义”,就是以考生所学的语法、句法知识,分析试题中各种语言关系,并通过这些关系对词语的含义进行合理的推断;然后,基于对词语的认识,深入了解原文的含义。“根据上下文有效猜测词义”不仅是考生平时阅读时必须勤加操练的一项阅读技能,也是考生在应试过程中比较行之有效的一种途径。
现以2003年9月高级口译第一阶段考试英译汉部分第一段为例,诠释根据上下问有效地猜测词义攻略:
①The effect governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. ②If the economy as a whole or the segment of economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure's major effects will tend to be inflationary growth, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. ③If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment. The expenditure will produce a genuine(non-inflationary)rise in the GNP.
一、指代
①句中“in the economy”指代前面“the total economy”; “the expenditure”指代前面“governmental expenditures”。这里的指代关系应该在译文中反映出来,而不应直接翻译咸“经济中”,“开支”,让人误以为这里的“经济”有别于“总体经济”,“开支”有别于“政府开支”。
二、同义
①句中的“the level Of utilization Of labor and capital”分别与②句中 “much employment of capital and labor”以及③句中“full employment”为同义,其意义为“利用”,而非望文生义、信手拈来的“雇佣”。