英语讲义(110)带双宾语的动词

考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06

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  在《及物动词不需要介词》一文中,谈到及物动词不需要通过介词引进宾语。但是,当及物动词有两个宾语时,有些无须介词,有些则需要。

  两个宾路都无须介词的动词包括下列这些: 
  ① Please show me the letter.
  ② Can you buy me a meal?
  ③ I will give you the latest newsletter.
  ④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.

  在①-④这样的句子里,有个直接宾语,也有个间接宾语。前者一定是“物”、后者一定是“人”。它们之间不需要介词作桥梁。另一些双宾语的动词,就需要介词的帮助了。关于这点,可以分四方面来谈。

  Ⅰ.两个宾语可通过不同介词对换位置,如:

  ①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.
   b. The boss entrusted the job to him.

  ②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.
   b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.

  ③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.
   b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.

  Ⅱ.不同介词,不同意思,如:

  ④a. Who introduced John to you?
   b. Who introduced John into the new office?

  ⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.
   b. We warned him against the hazard.
  (a. 指存在的危险;b. 指可能的危险)

  ⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.
   b. We may compare the heart to a pump.
  (a. 指同类人或物对比;b.指两样不同东西互相比拟)

  ⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.
   b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.
  (a. 指没得奖而失望;b. 指对所得的奖不满而失望)

  ⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.
   b. Is Taiwan allied with America?
  (a.指两样东西有关联;b. 指两个国家有联盟关系)

  Ⅲ.两个宾语与介词各就各位,固定不变,如:

  ⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.(警惕) ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?(医治)

  ● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.(弥补)
  ● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.(剥夺)

  Ⅳ.以返身代词为宾语的惯用语,如:   ● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. (利用)
  ● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.(以……自豪)
  ● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her boss's favour.(向……献媚取宠)
  ● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.(讨好……)


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