英语讲义(107)寻常时态的不寻常用法

考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06

  一般人对英语里基本时态的意义和用法都没有什么问题,但是未必每个人都对某些寻常时态的特殊用法有足够的体会。

  请看下面这三种情形:

  Ⅰ 现在简单时态

  ⒈现在简单时态可以用来表示未来的动作或活动,但这活动必须事先已有计划,如: 
  ● The plane to Hawaii leaves at 10 tonight.
  ● The British Prime Minister arrives at 8 tomorrow morning.

  这样的不寻常时态里的动词通常只限于“来”和“往”之类的活动,不是任何动词都适用。

  ⒉现在简单时态也可用来取代时间副词分句(adverb clauses of time)或条件副词分句(adverb clauses of condition)中的现在未来时态,如: 
  ● Let's wait until all the guests come.
  ● If it rains tomorrow, we can't go fishing.

  理论上可以说“until all the guests will come”和“if it will rain tomorrow”,但实际句子里,并不如此。

  ⒊现在简单时态有时可以用来代替现在过去时态,使所叙述的事物更现实、更灵活,如: 
  ● Alexander Pope says, “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”
  ● The Chinese proverb has it, “God helps those who help themselves.”

  只有在特殊情况下,才用这种时态;否则,过去的事, 只好用过去时态,比较妥当。

  Ⅱ 现在进行时态

  ⒈现在进行时态可以用来表示未来的节目或已策划的活动,如: 
  ● They are going downtown this afternoon.
  ● I am seeing an old friend tonight.

  ⒉现在进行时态,也和副词“always, continually, constantly”等连用以表示不断重复的举动,言下有不胜其烦之感,如: 
  ● Janet is always complaining.
  ● Why are you continually finding fault with our new system?
  ● Strange! The weather here is constantly changing.

  Ⅲ 过去简单时态

  ⒈过去简单时态可用来表示目前不易实现的假设或愿望,如: 
  ● lf I were you, I would join that activity.
  ● I wish I had better luck next time.

  ⒉过去简单时态也可以用来代替现在简单时态,以表示礼貌,如: 
  ● Could you tell me how to go to the library?
  ● I would appreciate it if you could help me.
  ● Would you mind lending me your pen for a while?

  上述寻常时态的不寻常用法,如果用得恰当,肯定可以增添英语的灵活性。


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