英语讲义(68)英语惯用语的简化

考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06

语言是社会的产物。任何语言都在随着社会的发展而发展。其中一个突出的倾向,就是简化。例如英语有些惯用语中的小小成分就可以省略不用,趋向于较简单的形式。

  以下便是些惯用语某些成分可以被合法省略的例子:

  ⒈定冠词 the 的省略,如:

  ● pull the strings→pull strings:通过人事用其影响力
  ● the long and the short of……→the long and short of……:总而言之
  ● if the worst comes to the worst→if worst comes to worst :大不了
  ● to go through the proper channels→to go through proper channels:通过正常渠道

  ⒉不定冠词的省略,如:

  ● in a great measure→in great measure:在很大程度上
  ● at a breakneck speed→at breakneck speed:以惊险速度

  ⒊名词复数符号的省略,如:

  ● to rack one's brains→to rack one's brain:绞尽脑汁
  ● in the interests of……→in the interest of:为了……利益起见

  ⒋所有格代名词的省略,如:

  ● to save one's face→to save face:保存面子
  ● to take one's leave of→to take leave:请假

  ⒌返身代词的省略,如:

  ● to stand oneself aloof from→to stand aloof from:远离
  ● to adapt oneself to→to adapt to:适应

  ⒍形容词的省略,如:

  ● to make both ends meet→to make ends meet:收支平衡
  ● to take one's own life→to take one's life :牺牲自己
  ● to hit the right nail on the head→to hit the nail on the head:做对、答对
  ● at long last→at last:终于

  ⒎介词的省略,如:

  ● to take to flight→to take flight:逃之夭夭
  ● at full length→full length:详细地

  ⒏副词的省略,如:

  ● to have too many irons in the fire→to have many irons in the fire:要做的事太多
  ● to put out to sea→to put to sea:启航

  ⒐“As”及其他词语的省略,如:

  ● as regular as clockwork→regular as clockwork:很准时地
  ● as blind as a bat→blind as a bat:视力不良
  ● his word is as good as his bond→His word is his bond:重视诺言


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