构词理论

构词法是行之有效的传统记词法, 据统计可覆盖80%的英语词汇, 虽然实际有效率要低于此数. 采用这种方法记单词可大大减轻记忆量. 如:

expel 驱逐

impel驱动

dispel驱散
I 构词法的成分分为前缀, 词根和后缀

1. 前缀prediction = pre-dict-ion =预言

2. 词根prediction

3. 后缀prediction

II 构词成分之间经常需补上一个元音字母或一个音节, 使之便于发音, 如:

centigrade = cent-i-grade = 100级=摄氏

illuminate = il-lu-min-ate = to+light+补足成分+ v.=照亮来源：www.examda.com

III 构词成分常有省略现象, 如字母x后的s常省略:

exert = ex (s) ert 运用, 施行

后缀也有变体:

table—tabular. (ble=n. bular=adj.)

grain—granular. (grain=n. granular=adj.)

后缀还有共享形式:

articulate=article-ate=象文章一样=清晰的, 有条理的distinct, clear.

例: That man is not very articulate. articulate=article-ate=发音清晰地说, 表现(思想).

V 化学、医学名词常取形容词后缀形式:

desiccant干燥剂

retardant抑制剂

additive添加剂

precipitant沉淀剂

propellant推进剂(火药)

repellent驱虫剂, 防护剂

VI 英语中存在许多可互换的字母，如：

p—b: describe—description 来源：www.examda.com

f—v: wife—wives, life—lives

v—w: vin—win (invincible = not-win-ible=不可战胜) vaste=waste (devastate)


词根

词根是构词法的核心，记住了词根就可以举一反三，快速扩大词汇量，本文只选部分核心词根，都是必知道的：

anim=mind

magnanimous =magn-anim-ous=great-mind-a.=宽宏大量的

unanimous =uni-anim-ous=one-mind-a.=一致同意的 来源：www.examda.com

pusillanimous =pusill-anim-ous=small-mind-a.=怯懦的
aqu=water

aquatic =aqu-tic=water-a.=水生的

aquarium =aqu-rium=water-place=水族馆，水箱

aqueduct =aqu-duct=water-pipe=水沟

aquanaut =aqu-naut=water-sailor=深水操作人员

bio=life

autobiography =auto-bio-graphy=self-life-book=自传

amphibian =amphi-bio-an=two-life-a.=两栖的

antibiotic =anti-bio-tic=against-life-a.=抗生素

symbiosis sym-bio-sis=together-life-n.=共生

cline=lean倾斜

decline =de-cline=down-lean=下降

incline =in-cline=to-lean=倾向于

recline =re-cline=back-lean=斜倚

count=数

discount dis-count=away-count=折扣

recount re-count=又数一遍=详述

cure=care

curator cure-ate-or=care-v.-n.=care-person=管理者=馆长

err=wander

err =wander away from standard=make mistakes. 反: rectify

errand =err-and=wander-n.=差使, 差事

aberrant =ab-err-ant=from-wander-a.=wander away from norm=背离常道的.
aberrance=n. 反: normal

erroneous =err-on-ous=wander-n.-a.=错误的

aberration =ab-err-tion=away-go-n.=离开常规=脱离常规, 精神错乱

erratic =err-tic=go-a.=go away from the norm=离开常轨的=乖辟的, 古怪的
inconsistent; unpredictable; aimless. 反: regular.

gon=角

diagonal =dia-gon-al=through-角-a.=对角线 来源：www.examda.com

conglomerate =con-glomer-ate=together-group-v.=聚集.

Congruent =con-gru-ent=together-group-a.=一致的, 适合的.

here hes=stick

adhere =ad-here=to stick=坚持, 粘附. adherent=a.

adhesive =ad-hes-ive=to stick-thing=粘胶剂. adhesion=n.

cohere =co-here=together-stick=粘着, 结合.

Hesitate =hes-it-ate=stick-go-v.=犹豫

Inherent =in-here-ent=在里面的=固有的, 天生的

insul=island

labor=work hard

laboratory =labor-tory=work place=实验室

belabor =be-labor=v.-work=作多余的说明

collaborate =col-labor-ate=together-work-v.=合作.

Elaborate =e-labor-ate=out-work-v.=精心制作, 阐述. 反: simplify

leg lect lig=choose选择

elegant =e-leg-ant=out-choose-a.=优雅的

eligible =e-lig-ible=out-choose-a.=合格的

neglect =neg-lect=not-choose=忽略.

illusion =il-lusion=幻想

delusion =de-luse-ion=down-play-n.=错觉

ludicrous =lude-crous=play-a.=可笑的

prelude =pre-lude=before-play=序幕

merge merse=“没”(mo), dip, plunge

merge =sink=吞没, 合并

emerge =e-merge=out-没=没出来=出现

emergency =emerge-ency=出现-n.=紧急情况, 非常时刻来源：www.examda.com

submerge =sub-merge=向下没去=置于水中, 沉没

immerse =im-merse=in-sink=沉浸 淹没.

Mutual =mut-ual=change-a.=相互的