former a.  of an earlier period 以前的

    farmhouse n.  the main house on a farm， where a farmer lives

    groan n.  a sound made in a deep voice that expresses suffering， grief or disapproval 呻吟（声）

    attic n.  the space just under the roof of a house， esp. that made into a low small room 阁楼

    Union， the n.  those states that supported the Federal government of the U.S. during the Civil War； the U.S.A. （美国南北战争期间的）联邦政府；美国a.  of or having to do with the Union

    rifle n.  步枪

    awful a.  terrible； very bad

    bandage n.  a narrow long piece of material， esp. cloth， for binding a wound or injury 绷带

    dreadful a.  very unpleasant or shocking； terrible

    bugle n.  a musical wind instrument usually made of brass， used chiefly for military signals 军号，喇叭

    filth n.  disgusting dirt 污秽

    futility n.  uselessness

    futile a.

    lean vi. support or rest oneself in a bent position 靠，倚

    establish vt. find out or make certain of （a fact， answer， etc.）， prove 确立，证实

    identity n.  who or what a particular person or thing is 身份

    identical a. 同一的；完全相同的确良Lt. abbr. lieutenant 陆军中尉

    company n.  连

    volunteer n.  person who joins the army， navy， or air force of his own free will 志愿兵

    presence n.  being present in a place

    skillfully ad. in a skillful manner 灵巧地，娴熟地

    skillful a.  having or showing skill

    fan vt. 扇，扇动；激起

    spark n.  火花

    flicker vi. burn unsteadily； shine with an unsteady light

    drug n.  a medicine or substance used for medical purposes

    supply n.  （pl.） the food， equipment， etc. necessary for an army， expedition or the like 补给品

    pray vi. 祈祷

    valley n.  a stretch of land between hills or mountains； the land through which a stated river or great river system flows 山谷；流域

    infection n.  感染；传染

    infect vt.

    flare vi. burn with a bright， unsteady flame （火焰）闪耀

    loft n.  a room under the roof of a building， attic 阁楼

    ferry n.  渡口；渡船

    headquarters n.  （used with a sing. or pl. v. ） the place from which the chief of a police force or the commanding officer of an army sends out orders 司令部

    proof n.  evidence showing that sth. is true 证据

    bear vt. show； have

    seal n.  印，图章

    item n.  a single thing among a set， esp. included in a list 条；项

    commanding a.  having command； in charge

    commanding officer指挥官

    command vt. 指挥

    Gen. abbr. general 将军

    madam n.  respectful form of address to a woman （whether married or unmarried）夫人，太太，女士，小姐

    risk vt. endanger； take the chance of

    patrol n.  a small group of soldiers， vehicles， etc. sent out to search for the enemy， or to protect a place from the enemy 巡逻队

    junior a.  younger or lower in rank than another

    hobble vi. walk awkwardly； limp 跛行；蹒跚

    crutch n.  support used under the arm to help a lame person to walk 拐杖

    wagon n.  four-wheeled vehicle for carrying goods， pulled by horses or oxen 四轮运货马（牛）车