第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇：U.S states do poorly in women’s health

　　Not a single U．S．state meets basic federal goals for women’s health，and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas-mammograms and dental check-ups-researchers said on　Thursday．
　　Millions of women lack health insurance，and states make it difficult to enroll in Medicaid，the state—federal health insurance plan for the poor，according to the report．
　　And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking—the leading cause of death in the United States．
“The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals，”reads the report．put together by the National Women’s Law Center and the Oregon Health & Science University，
　　“These health objectives，primarily set for the nation by the U．S．Department of Health and Human Services’Healthy People 2010 agenda，provide a road map for assessing the status of women’s health．”
Of 27 measures examined by the group，from screening for diseases to actually treating
them，the nation passes on only two，the researchers said．“The nation is so far from the Healthy People goals that it receives an overall grade of‘unsatisfactory’，”they wrote．
The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general，the NWLC said．
“State policy makers’ piecemeal approach to our health Care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women，”Judy Waxman，NWLC Vice President for Health，said in a statement．
“Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive，long-term approach to meeting women’S health
needs and tackle this serious problem that plagues SO many families．”

词汇：
mammogram／n．乳腺X光照片
dental／adj．牙齿的；牙科的
enroll／vi.加入，参加
piecemeal／adj．一件一件(做)的：逐渐(做)的；零碎(做)的
plague／vt．使苦恼；折磨；烦扰

练习：
1．The nation does poorly in all the following aspects of women’s health EXCEPT
A1 conducting dental check-ups．
B)helping women quit smoking．
C)screening for diseases．
D)treating cancer．

2．Medicaid is a program aimed at
A)helping women．
B)helping the poor．
C)reducing poverty．
D)preventing disease．

3． Which causes the biggest number of deaths in the US?
A)Accidents．
B)Heart disease．
C)Cancer．
D)Smoking．

4．The national goals for women’s health make it easier to
A)meet women’s health needs．
B)assess the status of women’s health．
C)make an overall plan for health in general．
D)deal with the health care crisis．

5． What kind of approach should be adopted to meet women’s health needs7
A)Piecemeal．
B)State-federal．
C)Comprehensive and long-term．
D)Complex and ineffective．

第2篇：Cigars instead

　　Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip，tongue，mouth and throat，according to a government study．
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voicebox) sixfold，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda，Maryland．
　　In addition，the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers．
　　The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article“Cigars：Health Effects and Trends．”The researchers report that，compared with a cigarette，a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco．specific nitrosamines．
　　“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase0 in　cigar use and the significant public health consequences。for the country，”said Dr．Richard　Klausner，director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement．
　　“The data are clear—the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke．like　cigarettes，are associated with。the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，”he added．“In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive．”
　　“To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is—don’t．To those currently smoking cigars，quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer，heart and lung disease risks，”warned Klausner．
　　According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven’t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events．but“…a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke．’’

词汇：
cigar／n．雪茄烟
double／vt．使加倍，把……增一倍
esophagus／n．食管
larynx／n．喉
esophageal／adj．食管的
emit／vt．发出，射出，散发
carcinogenic／adj．致癌的
nitrosamine／n．亚硝胺
invaluable／adj．非常宝贵的，无价的
carcinogen／n．致癌物
alternative／n．供替代的抉择
addictive／adj．(使人)上瘾的， (使人)入迷的
eliminate／vt．排除，消除，根除

练习：
1．According co the report．smoking three or four cigars a day
A)increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers．
B)greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers．
C)increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers，
D)greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers．

2．In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?
A)Six．
B)Seven．
C)Eight．
D)Nine．

3．What is the main idea of the article“Cigars：Health Effects and Trends”?
A)When it comes to cancer，cigars are not any safer than cigarettes．
B)Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so．
C)Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes．
D)Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much．

4．What is the doctors’advice to those cigar-smokers?
A)To give it up completely．
B)To give up part of it．
C)Not to think about it any more．
D)To cure the diseases first．

5．In the context of this passage,“secondhand smoke”means
A)smoking bad-quality cigars．
B)smoking very cheap cigars．
C)being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking．
D)being near cigar smokers when they are smoking．