UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization )

NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (美国)国家航空和航天局

Diet of Japan: 日本国会?

FDI: foreign direct investment 对外直接投资

CCTV（not 中国中央电视台）: closed-circuit television 闭路电视

FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation (美国)联邦调查局

GM crop：转基因作物

IAEA：国际原子能机构

opportunity cost： 机会成本

Keynesians： 凯恩斯主义者

the Tories： 英国保守党（托利党）

the State Department in Washington：位于华盛顿的美国国务院

the Treasury Department of the US：美国财政部

protectionism: （贸易）保护主义

balance of Payments: 收支平衡

中国特色的社会主义: socialism with Chinese characteristics

科学发展观: Scientific Outlook on Development

全面建设小康社会: to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects

以人为本: put people first; people oriented

宏观经济调控: macro-economic control

自主创新能力: independent innovation capability

完善人民币汇率形成机制: improve the mechanism for setting RMB exchange rates；improve the mechanisms for determining RMB exchange rate

突发事件应急管理机制:?Mechanism of emergency management

中西医并重: attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine；supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine

港人治港：Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong ；Hong Kong self-rule

构建两岸关系和平发展框架: construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations

知足常乐：Content is happiness；A man who is contented will be happy

水火无情：Fire and water have no mercy; Water and fire are merciless

祸从口出：Out of the mouth comes evil.

一蹶不振： collapse after one setback; never to recover from a setback

Section A English to Chinese

1, Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial, I became aware of a small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of our society. According to English law, a man is guilty of murder if he kills someone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously. But he is guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or if his state of mind at the time was abnormal enough to reduce his responsibility. The legal test here is a comparison with the supposedly ordinary man—the man on the Clapham omnibus, as the legal cliché has it. Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances? Was the accused’s state of mind at the time of the killing very different from that of an average man? （本文选自A Confusion of Tongues – City Journal 翻译硕士真题网注）

最近，我以专家证人身份出席一宗谋杀案的审判，由此意识到由社会日益多元的文化性质造成的细微法律 问题。英国法律规定，如果公民杀了人，不管其意图是杀死或者是重伤，裁定为谋杀罪。但如若事发时， 被告人收到过度挑衅或其精神处于非正常状态，则可以减轻为过时杀人罪。这里 所用到的法律鉴定是以正常人为比较依据，也就是法律陈词中所假定的普通人。在类似的情况下，那些所谓的普通人会被激怒吗？事发时被告人精神状态是否与正常人不一样？

2,Sparkling or still? Spring or tap? Imported or domestic? Flavored or plain? There’s nothing simple about a drink of water, now that the bottled stuff outsells both milk and beer in the United States. In just a couple of decades, we’ve become a nation awash in bottled water — with tens of billions of plastic empties to prove it — transforming the drinking fountain on a city street into a dated curiosity akin to the public telephone booth.

How one of life’s basic necessities became a heavily marketed beverage in a plastic bottle is the subject of Elizabeth Royte’s new book “Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It.” Royte, an environmental journalist based in Brooklyn, N.Y., shares the many, sometimes bizarre, unintended consequences of cracking open that plastic seal.（本文选自 Waterlogged – Salon.com 翻译硕士真题网注）

是选择碳酸饮料还是非碳酸饮料？饮用泉水还是自来水？是购买进口水的还是国产水？是挑选某种口味的饮料还是平淡无味的水？喝水可不是一 件简单的事情，现在瓶装水的销量已经超过牛奶和啤酒。在短短几十年的时间，瓶装 水已经席卷美国，数百亿的塑料空瓶就是证据，城市街道上设置的喷泉式饮水器和公共电话亭一样，已成了昨日黄花。

生活的基本必需品之一如何成就塑料瓶里的饮料的巨大市场，这是伊丽莎白·罗伊特的新书《疯迷瓶 装水：水的商业化以及大众追捧之因》的主题。罗伊特是纽约布鲁克林区的环境专栏记者，在书中分享了拧开塑料瓶盖后许多意想不到的离奇之事。

Section B Chinese to English?

“来我们榆林，第一要看镇北台，第二要看红石峡。那红石峡都出了名了，专有摄制组来这儿拍电影哩！”在前往榆林的长途汽车上，两个当地人这么跟我们说。既然如此，当然要去。不过，对当地人的“老王卖瓜”也做了一些思想准备。

却不料，红石峡果真是个了不得的去处！它竟然是陕西省内最大一处摩岩石窟群。但见峡谷两侧赭红色的岩壁上惊人地布满大大小小的石刻和洞窟，一条湍急的清流则在谷底刷刷地流淌。静静往那一站，立刻就被中华大地那千古的历史、文化以及大自然的熏风吹醉了！

“The first place worth visiting in Yulin is Zhenbei Tower, and the second is Hongshi Canyon. The Canyon has become quite well-known, since some production units have specially come here to shoot a movie.” said two locals to us on the long distance bus (coach) to Yulin. (the most magnificent in the ruins of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall, known as one of the three wonders of the Great Wall of China. That being the case, we definitely shall visit the Canyon. However, we cannot accept their words without mental reservation, since every potter praises his own pot. (Every cook praises his own broth.)

Unexpectedly, Hongshi Canyon is really a magnificent place worth visiting, which turns out to be the largest cliff grottoes in Shaanxi province. The ocher-red cliffs on both sides of the Canyon are engraved with amazing stone inscription and caves, large and small. A clear stream is flowing at the bottom of the Canyon, swift and swish. Quietly standing in the Canyon, one can easily be enchanted by the centuries-old history and culture of the Chinese nation and the warm southerly breeze at the moment.

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