1)三个代表:?Three Represents

2)与时俱进:?advance with the times ; keep pace with the times

3)自主创新能力：capacity for independent innovation;?independent innovation capability?

4)以德治国：Rule the country by virtue; run the country by virtue

5)科学发展观：Scientific Outlook on Development

6)房奴：house slave ; mortgage slave

7)“三农”问题：issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers; issues of agriculture,farmer and rural area

8)传销：pyramid selling; pyramid sales

9)服务型政府：service-oriented government; Service Government

10)经济适用房：affordable housing；economically affordable housing

11)以人为本:?people oriented; Put People First

12)次贷危机:?subprime mortgage crisis;?subprime crisis

13)廉政建设:?construction of a clean and honest administration;?clean government building

14)精神文明:?cultural and ideological progress

15)中部崛起:?rise of central china

16) normalization of diplomatic relations:?外交关系正常化

17) labor dispute:?劳动争议；劳资纠纷

18) irrenewable energy：不可再生能源

19) wealth gap:?贫富差距;?贫富悬殊

20) cyberterrorism:?网络恐怖主义

21) bubble economy：泡沫经济

22) greenhouse gases：温室气体；温室效应气体

23) think tank：智囊团；智库

24) intellectual property rights:?知识产权

25) oil-for-food program:?石油换粮食计划；石油换食品计划

26) anthrax:?炭疽，炭疽热

27) Pacific Rim:?太平洋周边地区;?环太平洋(地区)；太平洋沿岸(地区)

28) soft landing:?软着陆

29) the carrot and the stick:?胡萝卜加大棒;?威逼加利诱;?软硬兼施

30) multilateral negotiation:?多边谈判；多方协商

Lawrence lived his relatively short life during a period of social and political upheaval . His experience as a student and a teacher would not have been possible had the Education Act of 1870 not established compulsory elementary schools for children of back grounds like his. The industrialism he hated, particularly the large-scale coal mining in areas like Notting hamshire, with the accompanying blight of surrounding countryside, was reaching a peak during his childhood and early manhood.

World War I was a shock, followed by disillusionment , to many educated Europeans, who had believed that material progress, equated with the advance of civilization, had banished war forever. Lawrence had never shared the near universal faith in material progress. His horror of the war, for reasons more personal, proved socially and politically prophetic — he saw the war as the beginning of the conformism , the assault on authentic individualism that has in fact characterized the twentieth century.

Because Lawrence spent years in Italy during the fascist period, and because his “dream of leadership” often emerged in authoritarian statements or the invention of authoritarian figures , one of the many strands of adverse criticism woven around him during his life was a charge that he had fascist leanings. The charge is absurd, as insight into the essential core of the man — his hatred of conformism, insistence on singular passional being — reveals. However, it is true that Lawrence, like many artists who believe in the magic of words, sometimes expressed his yearnings for power in an idiom colored by the socialist, communist, and fascist language of the 1920s and 1930s.

（本文选自戴·赫·劳伦斯〔二）〔美〕西奥多·格罗斯 等编 网址：http://202.194.48.102/englishonline/culture/literature/EasyGreatWorks/Tcnh0a33.asp?Mtizt.com注）

参考译文：劳伦斯比较短促的一生，正处在社会和政治大动荡的时期。如果不是由于1870年颁布的教育法令规定对儿童实行初等学校义务教育制，那么像他这样出身于贫困家庭的少年，日后是不可能有上大学和当教师这段经历的。他憎恨产业主义，特别憎恨在诸如诺丁汉郡这样的地区大规模地开采煤矿，造成对周围农村的破坏。这种状况在他的儿童时代和成年早期正达到顶峰。

第一次世界大战对许多受过正规教育的欧洲人是一次震动，随之他们的幻想也破灭了。这些欧洲人曾经相信物质的进步等同于文明的发展，并相信这种物质文明已永远消弭了战争的隐患。劳伦斯向来就不赞同这种几乎遍及全球的关于物质文明的信念。他对战争的恐惧，尽管更多出于个人原因，但从政治和社会的角度看，却证实是有预见性的——他认为战争是因循守旧的开端，是对真正的不干涉主义(或自由放任主义)的进攻。这在事实上已成为二十世纪的特征。

由于劳伦斯在意大利度过的岁月正值法西斯主义开始抬头期间，又由于他的“领袖梦”幻影往往在那些带有权力主义色彩的声明中或一些独裁主义人物的信口胡诌中露出苗头，从而在他的一生中针对他编织出的许多敌意的批评论调之一，便是指控他具有法西斯倾向。其实，透视他这个人的本质，便可看出这种指控是荒谬的。他憎恨因循守旧，坚持做人要做满腔热忱的人……这些便是他本质的流露。不过，就像许多相信言词的魅力的文学艺术家那样，劳伦斯有时确也使用二十和三十年代流行的那些带有社会主义，共产主义乃至法西斯主义色彩的惯用词语来表达自己对权力的向往。

他要出国。人没出外贸局的大门，这消息便不胫而走。
回到家里，屋里早坐满了人。
“哥，给我捎台带电脑的收录机！”弟弟是那么兴奋，似乎收录机唾手可得。
“哥，给我捎一套高级化妆品！”妹妹是那么激动，好像高级化妆品已在她身上发挥了作用，更增添了她的妩媚。
“妈，您捎点什么？”他问。
“不捎别的，捎台洗衣机就行！”丈母娘也高兴得什么似的，嘴都快咧到了耳朵根底下。
“娘，您老呢？”
“不管咋着，把你捎回来就中！”娘的眼里闪着晶莹的光。
人陆续走了。
“志华，你捎点…”他柔情地扶着妻的肩。
“…我和娘一样…”妻深情地望着他。
他的眼霎时湿漉漉了，两串珍珠似的东西滴在妻的秀发上。

参考译文：He was going abroad. The news spread rapidly even before he left the Foreign Trade Bureau.
When he reached home, He found a roomful of people waiting for him.
“Brother, please bring me a computer-controlled radio cassette recorder,” said his younger brother, apparently in high spirits, as if he could get what he wanted right away.
“Bring me a set of high-grade cosmetics, brother,” said his younger sister, filled with excitement, as if the high-grade cosmetics were taking effect on her, making her more charming.
“Mother, what do you want me to bring you?” he asked.
“Oh, just bring me a washing machine,” answered his mother-in-law, grinning from ear to ear. She was mighty happy.
“What about you, mom?”
“No matter what happens, please do bring yourself back home,” replied his mother, her eyes glistening with tears.
People left his room one after another.
“Zhihua, what do you want?…”his asked, gently placing his hands on his wife’s shoulders.
“I have the same idea as mom…” she said softly, gazing at him with affection.
At this, tears welled up in his eyes and streamed down onto her beautiful hair.

汉语写作与百科知识

阅读下面的材料，以《语言，人类沟通的基石》为题写一篇议论文。要求：
(1)文体恰当，结构完整；
(2)文字通顺，用词得体；
(3)字数800字以上。

《圣经》有一个巴比伦塔的故事，说的是大洪水过后，诺亚的子孙们说着同样的语言，生活非常富足，于是他们想修建一座通天塔来传颂自己的赫赫威名，并作为集合全天下弟兄的标记，以免分散。因为大家语言相通，同心协力，阶梯式的通天塔建得挺顺利，很快就高耸人云。但上帝不允许凡人达到自己的高度，于是离开天国来到人间，打乱了人们的语言。一夜之间，人们各自操起不同的语言，感情无法交流，思想很难统一，修造工程因语言纷争而停止，通天塔终于半途而废。人类之间的误解亦从此开始。

【真题范文】语言，人类沟通的基石无边的宇宙，浩瀚的苍弯，人类较之于此，渺小得如岁月长河中的沧海一粟，脆弱得如飘飘摇摇之纤纤芦苇。然而历经数千年，这群脆弱的人类却创造出辉煌璀璨的文化，创造出举世瞩目的文明，且能使之长久不息、代代流传，究其原因，语言使然也。

语言，是人类心灵沟通的基石。人在社会的群体中生存，自身却是孤独的个体，而形色各异的语言将世间万千连在一起。依靠语言，人们寻找到自己的根基，所谓“他乡遇故知”,人们欣喜的是什么？是其语言又能重新唤起内心深处那一抹由乡音乡情牵动着的怀念与亲切。亲人问的一句祝福，沟通起心灵间的牵念与祈愿，陌生人的一句问候，沟通起往昔不曾拥有的友情。语言如微风，唤起人类心灵间的丝丝涟漪；语言似朝阳，照亮人类心灵间的处处暗角；语言若流水，带走人类心灵间的滴滴嫌隙。

语言，是人类行为沟通的基石。战国时期，秦国趁赵国政权交替之际，大举攻赵，齐国一定要赵威后的小儿子长安君为人质，才肯出兵。赵威后溺爱长安君，执意不肯，致使国家危机日深。触龙在这种严重的形势下说服了赵威后，让她的爱子出质齐国，解除了赵国的危机。正是触龙与赵太后之间的言语沟通，才使得赵太后以家国为重，让爱子出质齐国，挽救赵国于危难。古往今来，无数大将贤臣都是靠语言的沟通达成行动上的合作，共图大计，千百年来成就了多少雄才大略。

语言，是人类生活和谐相处的基石。在如今世事变迁、纷繁复杂的社会，我们总是将自己置于一层层透明而又模糊的人际关系网中，会有朋友相互祝福的温馨、亲人时刻牵念的美好、恋人心心相印的铭刻，也会有无休止的猜忌与嫌隙、仇恨与报复。这一切美好抑或丑恶，都源于心灵那只字片语，源于交往中的嬉笑交流。

语言是一支魔棒，利用得当会使你心明如月、心静如水，生活自然也没了烦恼。语言是一把钥匙，在通往成功的大道上，难免会有四处碰壁、找不着北的迷茫与惶恐，但语言能为你揭开前方的迷雾，助你前方一片坦途一片美好。

语言，是人类沟通的基石。历史长河中，语言是一条纽带，她不仅使人类惺惺相惜，更使人类面临强敌时紧握双手，向自然发出挑战的强音，与命运提出抗衡的勇气，共同向生存发展之巅前行。

湖南大学MTI 2011-2013 真题下载：百度云

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