1. SAARC: 南亚区域合作联盟(South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

2. P5+1: 指在2006年针对伊朗核试验问题，出于外交影响而形成的6个国家，它们分别是：美国、英国、法国、中国、俄国和德国?(The P5+1 is a group of six world powers which in 2006 joined the diplomatic efforts with Iran with regard to its nuclear program.)

3. QE 3: 第三轮量化宽松的货币政策??

4. Social media: 社交媒体

5. CO2 equivalent: 二氧化碳当量 [Carbon dioxide equivalency is a quantity that describes, for a given mixture and amount of greenhouse gas, the amount of CO
2 that would have the same global warming potential (GWP), when measured over a specified timescale (generally, 100 years).]

6. BRICS: 金砖四国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度及中国）

7. Mandatory evacuation: 强制撤离; 强制性疏散

8. the 67th Session of the UN General Assembly: 第67届联合国大会

9. Non-Aligned movement：不结盟运动

10. CDM：自动存款机(Cash Deposit Machine)

11. Hamid karzai：（阿富汗总统）哈米德·卡尔扎伊

12. UNCTAD：联合国贸易和发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)

13. SCO：上海合作组织(Shanghai Cooperation Organisation)

14. fisical cliff：财政悬崖

15. 中共十八大： the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

16. 移动媒体：Mobile Media

17. 亚欧首脑会议：Asia-Europe Meeting （ASEM 是亚洲国家和欧洲联盟国家的政府间论坛。-wikipedia.org）

18. 光棍节：Singles Day

19. 早稻田大学：Waseda University

20. 海上风能： Offshore Wind Energy

21. 反倾销与反补贴：Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy

22. 上海期货交易所: Shanghai Futures Exchange

23. 车载信息系统： telematics/telematic system ；Vehicle Information System

24. 伦敦金融城：City of London

25. 电视相亲: TV dating; TV match-up program

26. 文心雕龙: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

1.?The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. At the present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping, they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows, it is now man that is man’s worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still sees to it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, he has no wish to begin again as a ‘new boy’ in another. For the future, therefore , it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidity or malevolence or both. (选自 Ideas that Have Harmed Mankind? by Bertrand Russell? 全文地址http://dwz.cn/tuOt3?翻译硕士真题网注)

参考译文：人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。当人类已然在知识与技术上有所进步之后，第二类不幸在总数中所占的比例正在不断增大。比如在早年间，饥荒是由自然原因造成的，尽管人们努力与其斗争，许多人还是死于饥饿。目前，世界的大部分地区都面临着饥荒的威胁，然而，尽管这种情况部分是由天灾所引起，但主因还是人祸。六年间，世界上的文明国家倾尽全力，彼此要将对方置于死地，它们也蓦然发现，要转变到彼此共存的境地已然很难。破坏了收割、拆毁了农机、打乱了货运，它们发现依靠一地的丰裕来缓解另一地的粮食紧缺绝非易事。而倘若经济系统正常运转，这便不难做到。这个例子说明，现今人类最大的敌人恰恰是人类自身。诚然，以自然的眼光来看，我们仍难逃一死，但随着医药上的进步，人们能活到寿终正寝之日的情况将变得越来越常见。我们本应希望长生不死，也盼望着天堂中的无尽欢娱–依靠神迹可永不厌倦。然而事实上，如果你对任何一个不再年轻的诚实之人发出质询，则他很可能告诉你，品尝过这个世界上的酸甜苦辣之后，他已不愿在另一个世界中再度超生。因此，在将来，许多无法被人类所忽视的最重大之罪恶，将是他们彼此犯下的罪行–或是出于愚蠢，或是出于恶意，或者两者兼而有之。

Source Text 2:

What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motorcars and aircrafts? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud, and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.

The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world: very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil.

参考译文：我们现在开汽车、飞机使用的石油是怎样形成的呢?科学家对解释煤的成因已很有把握,但若是问到石油是怎样形成的,他们似乎就不那么有把握了。他们认为地底下的石油在远古时期就已经开始形成,而且是由海中生物形成的。无数亿个微小动物和植物在海水中生长并沉入海底,上面覆盖着大量沉积的泥沙。由于化学变化、压力和温度等因素影响,经过漫长的岁月,变成了我们现在所说的石油。这些小动物必须在一层层岩石之间密封起来,经过极长的一段时间才能变成石油。

“石油是在海里形成的”这一说法,只要看一下世界主要油田的分布图,就可以得到证实:只有极少数大油田是远离今天的海洋的。在有些地方,天然气和石油从海底升上海平面。含有石油的岩层也是在海里形成的。这种岩层是沉积岩,是在海水的作用之下沉积在洋底的。在有石油的地方附近,几乎总可以发现贝类的残骸以及海洋生物的其他遗迹。

Source Text 3:

外文出版社专事外文图书的编辑出版，几十年来用英文翻译出版了大量的中国文学作品和文化典籍，上自先秦，下迄现当代，力求全面而准确地反映中国文学及中国文化的基本面貌和灿烂成就。这些英译图书均取自相关领域著名的、权威的作品，英译则出自国内外译界名家。每本图书的编选、翻译过程均极其审慎慎严肃，精雕细琢，中文作品及相应的英译版本均堪称经典。这些英译精品，不单有对外译介的意义，而且对国内英文学习者、爱好者及英译工作者，也是极有价值的读者。为此，编者对这些英译精品做了认真的遴选，编排成汉英对照的形式，出版此书，以飨读者。

Source Text 4:

钓鱼岛属于中国，根本不是“无主地”。在日本人“发现”钓鱼岛之前，中国已经对钓鱼岛实施了长达数百年有效管辖，是钓鱼岛无可争辩的主人。如前所述，日本大量官方文件证明，日本完全清楚钓鱼岛早已归属中国，绝非国际法上的无主地。日本所谓依据“先占”原则将钓鱼岛作为“无主地”“编入”其版图，是侵占中国领土的非法行为，不具有国际法效力。

无论从地理上还是从中国历史管辖实践看，钓鱼岛一直是中国台湾岛的附属岛屿。日本通过不平等的《马关条约》迫使清朝割让包括钓鱼岛在内的“台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿”。《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》等国际法律文件规定，日本必须无条件归还其窃取的中国领土。上述文件还对日本领土范围作了明确界定，其中根本不包括钓鱼岛。日本试图侵占钓鱼岛，实质是对《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》等法律文件所确立的战后国际秩序的挑战，严重违背了日本应承担的国际法义务。（本文选自《钓鱼岛是中国的固有领土》白皮书（英汉对照）翻译硕士真题网注）

Diaoyu Dao belongs to China. It is by no means “terra nullius”. China is the indisputable owner of Diaoyu Dao as it had exercised valid jurisdiction over the island for several hundred years long before the Japanese people “discovered” it. As stated above, voluminous Japanese official documents prove that Japan was fully aware that according to international law, Diaoyu Dao has long been part of China and was not “terra nullius”. Japan’s act to include Diaoyu Dao as “terra nullius” into its territory based on the “occupation” principle is in fact an illegal act of occupying Chinese territory and has no legal effect according to international law.

Diaoyu Dao has always been affiliated to China’s Taiwan Island both in geographical terms and in accordance with China’s historical jurisdiction practice. Through the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan forced the Qing court to cede to it “the island of Taiwan, together with all islands appertaining or belonging to it”, including Diaoyu Dao. International legal documents such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation provide that Japan must unconditionally return the territories it has stolen from China. These documents also clearly define Japan’s territory, which by no means includes Diaoyu Dao. Japan’s attempted occupation of Diaoyu Dao, in essence, constitutes a challenge to the post-war international order established by such legal documents as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation and seriously violates the obligations Japan should undertake according to international law.

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