1.词语与句子翻译（共30分）
请将下列汉语短语翻译成英语(10分）
1)打造中国经济的升级版
2)转变政府职能
3)扩大全方位主动开放
4)中国上海自由贸易试验区
5)宏观调控方式
6)绿水青山
7)改革红利
8)反腐倡廉
9)证券交易所
10)增强社会创造力
请将下列英语短语或句子翻译成汉语（20分）
11) China’s vulgar rich: befriended but unloved.
12) The Sochi 2014 torch is based on motifs from Russian folklore and ideas of innovation and technological breakthroughs.
13) The Chinese garden is primarily not a single wide open space, but is divided into corridors and courts, in which buildings, and not plant life, dominate.
14) All writing depends on the generosity of the reader. (Alberto Manguel)
15) Calligraphy as writing and as art.
16) If I felJ through the earth, what would happen in the center?
17) Book of the Times: The Invisible Man.
18) In 1963, most Americans did not yet believe that gender equality was possible or even desirable.
19) But the innovation failed to catch the public imagination and sales were painfully slow. Microsoft was on the back foot.
20) It is no wonder the island (The Philippine island of Boracay) has been featured in a variety of publications, and it’s a top beach destination on the popular Internet travel site tripadvisor. com.
2.汉译英（60分）中国佛教建筑的发展可以追溯到佛教在汉代被引入中国时。佛教的本土化也从此时开始，阐 释着中国建筑的美学和文化。佛教建筑主要包括庙宇、佛塔和石窟。佛教建筑被视为一个将书法、 雕塑和绘画结合起来的伟大艺术宝库。
在中国，佛教始终也没有像基督教在西方那样，获得统率全社会思想的主流地位。中国和西 方都宣扬“君权神授”，但西方更强调的是“神授“，中国更强调的是“君权”。这种区别在建筑 上也得以体现：一直以来在西方，庙宇和教堂都是主流建筑；中国则始终以宫殿和都城为重心， 宗教寺观处于次要地位。
3.英译汉（60分）Next, a plea to our friends who are writing in China not to write with foreigners in mind. Now that contemporary Chinese writing is beginning to find more readers abroad, there is a danger that writers will aim at foreign readers instead of domestic ones. The writing we Anglophones will respond to most warmly will generally be precisely the writing that is most clearly intended for Chinese readers.
Who, after all, is the Chinese writer who has made a bigger impact than any other in English-speaking countries these last twenty years? None of those I have mentioned so far, but a politician who died in the 1970s. And his works, apart from a few interviews with foreigners, were nearly all addressed to Chinese problems and Chinese readers. His style was clear, strong, and effective, and very Chinese too, being hardly influenced by foreign models. Yet he survived translation to be the idol of 1960s radicals around the world, and put words and expressions into the English language.
So please don’t write for us, but write for your primary reader, leaving us to choose (by criteria that may well seem quite absurd to you) what may be accessible to us ignorant Anglophones. And don’t worry in the least about what we think. Few Anglophone authors lose sleep over their standing in China, and that seems a good example to follow.
Take whatever you like from abroad, but only what you need for your own purposes. Blind imitation of foreign models is unlikely to bring foreign recognition. Only what works in your own culture has any chance of surviving the transition to another.
From Insuperable Barriers? By W. J. E. Jenner
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