Balance sheet: 资产负债表

International arbitration: 国际仲裁

Tax agent: 税务代理人

Debenture: 公司债券 ?
Gross weight: 毛重，总重量

Generalized system of preference: 普通优惠制

Fixed cost: 固定成本

Stock listing: 股票上市

Random access: 随机存取

Profit before tax: 税前利润

按揭：Mortgage

薄利多销：small profits but quick returns

补贴： subsidy

动产抵押：Chattel Mortgage

进口报关单：declaration for importation

房地产：Real Estate

分包合同：subcontract

股息：dividend

国民待遇：national treatment

市场调查：market research

AMIS：自适应多媒体信息系统（Adaptive Multimedia Information System）/农业管理信息系统(Agricultural Management Information System)

BHD：黑鹰坠落(Black Hawk Down)/舱壁

CBRC：中国银监会(China Banking Regulatory Commission)

DPOB: 出生时间和地点(date and place of birth)

FEM: 有限元法(finite element method)

MTN: 中期票据(medium-term notes)

MSP: 管理服务提供商(Management Service Provider)

NNW: 国民福利指标（Net National Welfare）

PAO: 典藏学术期刊全文资料库（Periodicals Archive Online）

SAC: 中国证券业协会（securities association of China）/中国国家标准化管理委员会(Standardization Administration of China)

The concept captured the zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people, especially those in the counterculture, had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality. But by the end of the 1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the latter cause—a cool, rebellious, and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation’s plan for world domination and total mind control.

Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny. Apple’s stock price kept dropping, and by March 2003 even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of $75 million worth of shares, which amounted to about $8.3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vesting in 2006.

None of this would have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not run a powerful series in 2006 about backdated stock options. Apple wasn’t mentioned, but its board appointed a committee of three members—Al Gore, Eric Schmidt of Google, and Jerry York, formerly of IBM and Chrysler—to investigate its own practices. “We decided at the outset that if Steve was at fault we would let the chips fall where they may,” Gore recalled. The committee uncovered some irregularities with Jobs’s grants and those of other top officers, and it immediately turned the findings over to the SEC. Jobs was aware of the backdating, the report said, but he ended up not benefiting financially. (A board committee at Disney also found that similar backdating had occurred at Pixar when Jobs was in charge.)

The laws governing such backdating practices were murky, especially since no one at Apple ended up benefiting from the dubiously dated grants. The SEC took eight months to do its own investigation, and in April 2007 it announced that it would not bring action against Apple “based in part on its swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission’s investigation [and its] prompt self-reporting.” Although the SEC found that Jobs had been aware of the backdating, it cleared him of any misconduct because he “was unaware of the accounting implications.”

The SEC did file complaints against Apple’s former chief financial officer Fred Anderson, who was on the board, and general counsel Nancy Heinen. Anderson, a retired Air Force captain with a square jaw and deep integrity, had been a wise and calming influence at Apple, where he was known for his ability to control Jobs’s tantrums. He was cited by the SEC only for “negligence” regarding the paperwork for one set of the grants (not the ones that went to Jobs), and the SEC allowed him to continue to serve on corporate boards. Nevertheless he ended up resigning from the Apple board.

总经理,总裁,首席执行官这样的头衔在现代商业中屡见不鲜.这些企业老总的头衔意味着什么?有人说意味着位高权重,腰缠万贯,交游广阔,傲慢自大甚至颐指气使。我虽然当总裁的时间不长,感受还不深刻,但比隔岸观火要好很多。在我看来,成功的企业老总主要具备以下几种品质:
首先,要有思想,又对如何发展企业的战略思想和理念.这事听起来简单,做起来还是很有难度的。思想虽然看不见,摸不着,但是却能让人感觉得到,这种思想代表着企业价值认同,能够引领企业发展方向。
其次,领导力是断不可缺的.老总在关键时刻做事少不了要果断决绝甚至冷酷无情,这就难免使员工陷入恐慌或愤怒.但是,好的老总在行驶自己的权利时会充分考虑到人性,并因此受到下属的爱戴。
另外,要有坚强意志,要有一往无前的精神,特别是在企业遇到困难的时候.因为很多新兴产业前人没做过,碰上千人不曾遇到的挑战在所难免.我们目睹了大浪淘沙似的血雨腥风。而现今的云计算和物联网等新兴产业又将去向何方?鹿死谁手呢?”剩者”为王,生存下来的企业一定是经得起磨砺,具有百折不挠的精神。
综上所述,老总是企业的领袖,是灵魂.我将为之努力,做一个有思想,有坚定意志并能果断决策的企业领导人。

对外经济贸易大学2012年MTI真题3门PDF下载：百度云盘

对外经济贸易大学MTI真题下载：百度云

真题来源：互联网 ?词语翻译部分答案由翻译硕士真题网提供