Chapter 1 高频词汇

Unit 01

state

词频 ★★★★★

n. [steɪt] 状态，情况；国；州

v. [steɪt] 陈述；说明；规定

形近词：statute, manifestation, statistic, statistical, stationary, statement, under-statement, overstate, statesman, estate, devastate, devastating, workstation, status

【例】[n] 状态，情况

2013年翻译

One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.

参考译文：其中的一项迫切需求与创造一种闹中取静的状态有关，借用T. S. 艾略特的说法就是：一个“旋转世界的静止点”。

【例】 [n]州

2018年阅读 Text 2

During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.

参考译文：按照牛津大学的说法，2016年美国总统大选期间，在政治影响很大的密歇根州，推特用户在网上分享的内容有近1/4都是假新闻。

形近词

statute [ˈstætʃuːt]

n. 法令；法规

manifestation [ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 显示，表现；示威运动

statistic

[stəˈtɪstɪk] n. 统计数值

[stəˈtɪstɪk] adj. 统计的；统计学的

statistical [stəˈtɪstɪk(ə)l]

adj. 统计的；统计学的

【例】[adj]统计的

2015年阅读 Text 3

Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.

参考译文：大多数期刊在统计数据审查方面都很薄弱，而这有损他们所发表内容的质量。

stationary

[ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ri] adj. 固定的；静止的，不动的

statement [ˈsteɪtmənt]

n. (正式或明确的口头或书面)陈述，声明；(意见或观点的)表现，表达

【例】[n] (正式或明确的口头或书面)陈述，声明

2012年阅读 Text 2

A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.

参考译文：2007年冷却塔部分坍塌和一个地下管道系统泄漏等一系列事故的发生，引起了人们对佛蒙特州扬基核电站的安全性和安特吉公司的管理的严重质疑。特别是在该公司针对其管道发表了误导性声明以后。

 

understatement

[ˈʌndə(r)ˌsteɪtmənt] n.保守陈述；不充分的陈述；轻描淡写

overstate [ˌəʊvə(r)ˈsteɪt]

v. 夸张，夸大地叙述

【例】 [v]夸张，夸大地叙述

2010年阅读 Text 4

It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.

参考译文：恰恰是银行脱离实际，它们的账目大大高估了资产。今天，银行认为市场价格夸大亏损，因为市场价格主要反映市场暂时的流动性不足，而不反映坏账可能达到的程度。

statesman [ˈsteɪtsmən]

n. 政治家

estate [ɪˈsteɪt]

n. 房地产；身份；财产

devastate [ˈdevəˌsteɪt]

v. 毁灭，毁坏

devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ]

adj. 毁灭性的；极具破坏力的

【例】[adj]极具破坏力的

2008年阅读 Text 1

The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.

参考译文：这种较长期的人际关系的耗损可能会颇具破坏力。

workstation [ˈwɜː(r)kˌsteɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 工作台

【例】[n]工作台

2008年阅读 Text 3

Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.

参考译文：马萨诸塞州内蒂克陆军研究中心的资深人类学家克莱尔·戈登堡保证：90%的制服和工作台都很适合新兵，无需更改。她说，部队制服不像篮球服，其长度已经有一段时间没有更改了。

status [ˈsteɪtəs]

n. 地位；情形；状况；重要身份

【例】[n]状况

2011年阅读 Text 2

According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by ______.

[A] their expectation of better financial status

[B] their need to reflect on their private life

[C] their strained relation with the boards

[D] their pursuit of new career goals

参考译文：根据第二段可知，高级经理人辞职可能是因为______。

[A] 他们期望更好的经济状况

[B] 他们反思个人生活的需要

[C] 他们和董事会紧张的关系

[D] 他们对新事业目标的追求

【例】[n]地位

2017年阅读排序

His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background.

参考译文：他的祖父母都是管家，社会地位更低，终身为仆。狄更斯后来曾隐瞒了他们的背景。

补充词汇

[近义词]

assert [əˈsɜː(r)t]

v. 坚称；断言；表明

【例】[v]表明

2013年阅读 Text 4

The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.

参考译文：实质上，（美国）政府当时是在表明，由于它不想实现国会在移民方面的期望，任何州也都不应被允许这样做。

affirm [əˈfɜː(r)m]

v. 断言；肯定；证实

public

词频 ★★★★★

adj. [ˈpʌblɪk] 公众的；公共的；公开的

n. [ˈpʌblɪk] 公众，民众

形近词：publication, republican, publicity, publicized, publicly

形近词

publication [ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 出版；发行；出版物；发行物；公布；发布

【例】[n]出版物；发行物

2013年阅读 Text 3

That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

参考译文：这就是我们推出《弧》的原因之一。《弧》是一本致力于不久的将来的新出版物。

republican

[rɪˈpʌblɪkən] adj. 共和国的；共和政体的；(美国)共和党的；支持共和党的

[rɪˈpʌblɪkən] n. 拥护共和政体者；共和主义者

【例】 [adj] (美国)共和党的

2012年阅读 Text 4

In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.

参考译文：在威斯康星州，工会召集了成千上万的支持者来反对强硬的共和党州长斯科特·沃克。

publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti]

n. 公众信息；宣传；公之于众的状况

publicized [ˈpʌblɪˌsaɪzd]

adj. 公开的

publicly [ˈpʌblɪkli]

adv. 公共地；公开地；公众地

补充词组

[词组]

in public：公开地，当众

【例】 公开地，当众

2010 年阅读 Text 4

Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.

参考译文：在公众面前，银行家一直把他们的问题归咎到自己身上。

[近义词]

mass [mæs]

n. 民众；大量

civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l]

adj. 公民的

law

词频 ★★★★★

n. [lɔː] 法律；法令；法规；规律；定律

形近词：claw, lawful, lawsuit, flaw, lawyer

【例】[n] 法律

2014 年阅读Text 2

A lot of students take up law as their profession due to______.

[A] the growing demand from clients

[B] the increasing pressure of inflation

[C] the prospect of working in big firms

[D] the attraction of financial rewards

参考译文：许多学生选择法律作为他们的职业，这是因为______。

[A] 不断增长的客户需求

[B] 不断增加的通货膨胀压力

[C] 在大公司工作的前景

[D] 经济回报的吸引力

形近词

claw

[klɔː] n. 爪；螯；钳；爪形器具

[klɔː] v. 用爪抓(或挖)

lawful [ˈlɔːf(ə)l]

adj. 合法的；法定的；法律许可的

lawsuit [ˈlɔːˌsuːt]

n. 诉讼；诉讼案件

flaw

[flɔː] n. 瑕疵；裂纹；缺点

[flɔː] v. 使破裂；使有缺陷

【例】[n] 缺点

2012 年阅读Text 1

 

The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.

参考译文：正如它在这里所呈现的，社会治疗最明显的缺陷是它不能持久地良好运行。

lawyer [ˈlɔːjə(r)]

n. 律师；法学家

补充词汇

[近义词]

legislation [ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 法律；法规

【例】[n] 法律；法规

2018 年阅读 Text 4

This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

参考译文：这就是近年来改革立法的屡次尝试都失败的原因，这样的失败也使得(美国)邮政总局无法支付其账单——除非是推迟重要的现代化进程。

mean

词频 ★★★★★

v. [miːn] 意味着，即是；意指，意思是说；打算，意欲；意义重大

adj. [miːn] 吝啬的；刻薄的；破旧的；平均的

n. [miːn] 平均值；平均数

形近词：meaning, well-meaning, meaningless, meaningfully, means, meanwhile

【例】[v] 意味着，即是

2007 年阅读Text 2

Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?

参考译文：毫无疑问，智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。那么聪明意味着什么呢？

【例】[v] 意味着，即是

2015 年阅读Text 2

The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, means that police officers could conceivably access even more information with a few swipes on a touchscreen.

参考译文：与此同时，“云计算”的发展意味着，警官们可以像想象中的那样只需在触摸屏上滑动几下便可获取更多的信息。

形近词

meaning [ˈmiːnɪŋ]

n. 意义，含义

well-meaning [welˈmiːnɪŋ]

adj. 善意的；好心的

meaningless [ˈmiːnɪŋləs]

adj. 没有意义的；不重要的；无价值的

meaningfully [ˈmiːnɪŋf(ə)li]

adv. 有意图地；有意义地；重要地

【例】[adv] 有意义地

2007 年阅读 Text 1

And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

参考译文：埃里克森确信，学习如何有意义地编码信息的最佳方法是一种被称为“刻意练习”的学习过程。“刻意练习”需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务，它还包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及方法和结果并重。

means [miːnz]

n. 方法；手段

meanwhile [ˈmiːnˌwaɪl]

adv. 同时；其间

【例】[adv] 同时

2018 年阅读Text 4

Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.

参考译文：同时，它有超过1200亿美元的无资金准备的负债，大多数还是用于支付员工医保费用和退休金的。

补充词汇

[词组]

by means of：用；依靠

by no means：绝不；一点也不

[同义词]

indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]

v. 表明；暗示；象征；反映

implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]

n.可能引发的后果；暗示；含意

【例】[n] 可能引发的后果

2007 年阅读 Text 3

Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes.

参考译文：各类学者、决策人和评论人士已经讨论了这些改变可能引发的社会影响。

influence

词频 ★★★★★

n. [ˈɪnfluəns] 影响；感化；势力，权势

v. [ˈɪnfluəns] 影响；感化

形近词：influential

形近词

influential

[ˌɪnfluˈenʃ(ə)l] adj. 有影响力的；有势力的

[ˌɪnfluˈenʃ(ə)l] n. 影响者；有势力的人

【例】[adj] 有影响力的

2014 年阅读 Text 4

Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to______.

[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education

[B] define the government’s role in education

[C] keep a leading position in liberal education

[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education

参考译文：国会中有影响力的人物要求美国人文与科学院就如何______作出报告。

[A] 保持人们对人文教育的兴趣

[B] 定义政府在教育中的角色

[C] 在人文教育中保持领先地位

[D] 保护个人受教育的权力

补充词汇

[近义词]

impact

[ˈɪmpækt] n.碰撞；撞击；影响

[ɪmˈpækt] v. 撞击；碰撞；冲击；(对……)产生影响

【例】[n] 影响

2013 年阅读 Text 1

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

参考译文：尽管多家快时尚公司已经在尽力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响(例如H&M推出了环保意识系列服装生产线)，但克莱因认为，长期的改变只能通过消费者来实现。

live

词频 ★★★★★

v. [lɪv] 居住；生活；生存；以……为生；留存；铭记

adj. [laɪv] 活的；有生命的；现场演出的

形近词：alive, deliver, delivery, outlive, liveliness, livelihood

【例】[adj] 现场演出的

2011 年阅读Text 1

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

参考译文：那些回应称唱片不能代替现场演出的忠实音乐会迷们没有抓住问题的关键。

These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.

参考译文：这些唱片价格便宜，哪里都能找到，而且通常会比如今那些现场音乐会的艺术品质高。进一步讲，听众能自由地选择“消费”唱片的时间和地点。

 

形近词

alive [əˈlaɪv]

adj. 活着的；有生气的，活跃的

【例】[adj] 活着的

2012 年阅读 Text 4

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.

参考译文：如果工会主义者吉米·霍法今天还在世的话，他可能会代表公务员。

名人名言助记：I often think the night is more alive and richly colored than the day. —Vincent van Gogh

我总觉得，夜晚比白天更有生气，更多姿多彩。——文森特·梵高

deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)]

v. 发表(讲话)；递送；接生(婴儿)

【例】[v] 递送

2009 年完型

Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.

[A] deliver

[B] carry

[C] perform

[D] apply

参考译文：对动物智力的研究也让我想知道，如果动物有机会的话，它们会对人类做什么实验。

[A] 递送

[B] 运送；传达

[C] 做；执行

[D] 申请；适用

delivery [dɪˈlɪv(ə)ri]

n. 分娩；投递；讲话方式

outlive [ˌaʊtˈlɪv]

v. 比……活得长；比……经久

【例】[v] 比……经久

2007 年阅读 Text 3

Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.

参考译文：和数百万的家庭一样，炼钢工人、航空公司员工以及如今的汽车工业从业者们都不得不开始担心利率、股市涨跌以及一个残酷的现实：他们也许没等死就会花完自己的退休养老金。

liveliness [ˈlaɪvlinəs]

n. 活力

livelihood [ˈlaɪvlihʊd]

n. 生计；生活

补充词汇

[词组]

live off：依赖……生活，依赖

[同义词]

dwell [dwel]

v. 居住于；存在于

reside [rɪˈzaɪd]

v. 定居于；属于

[近义词]

survive [sə(r)ˈvaɪv]

v. 幸存；比……活得长

survival [sə(r)ˈvaɪv(ə)l]

n. 生存；幸存

inhabit [ɪnˈhæbɪt]

v. 居住于

settle [ˈset(ə)l]

v. 使定居

federal

词频 ★★★★★

adj. [ˈfed(ə)rəl] 联邦的

形近词：federation

【例】[adj] 联邦的

2008 年阅读Text 1

A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.

参考译文：有几位总理对于联邦与地方之间的任何交易都持怀疑态度。

【例】[adj] 联邦的

2013 年阅读Text 4

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.

参考译文：在亚利桑那州和美国（政府）的对决中，亚利桑那州提出了一项充满争议的方案，即让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法。方案里有四项有争议的条款，其中三项被多数票否决。

形近词

federation [ˌfedəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 联邦制国家；联邦；(社团或组织的)同盟；联盟；联合会

【例】[n] (社团或组织的)同盟；联盟；联合会

2011 年完型

The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.

参考译文：这个想法旨在建立一个个人在线身份系统的联合体。

补充词汇

[词组]

FBI：联邦调查局 (Federal Bureau of Inves-tigation)

CIA：中央情报局 (Central Intelligence Agency)

large

词频 ★★★★★

adj. [lɑː(r)dʒ] 大的；大规模的；大量的

形近词：largely, enlarge

形近词

largely [ˈlɑː(r)dʒli]

adv. 主要地；大体上地；大量地

enlarge [ɪnˈlɑː(r)dʒ]

v. 扩大；放大；扩充

【例】[v] 扩充

2012 年阅读 Text 4

It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______.

[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members

[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant

[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership

[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists

参考译文：通过第一段可知______。

[A] 卡车司机工会仍然有大量的会员

[B] 吉米·霍法曾是一名公务员

[C] 工会扩充了公共部门的成员数量

[D] 政府改善了他们与工会会员之间的关系

补充词汇

[词组]

at large：一般；全体地；普遍地

[近义词]

bulky [ˈbʌlki]

adj. 庞大的；体积大的

outsize [ˈaʊtˌsaɪz]

adj. 特大的

huge [hjuːdʒ]

adj. 庞大的

mark

词频 ★★★★★

v. [mɑː(r)k] 做标记；指出；标明；在(商品)上贴价格(或质量等)的标签

n. [mɑː(r)k] 痕迹；斑点；污点；记号；符号；(考试等)分数

形近词：market, marketplace, marked, marketer, remark, remarkable, landmark

【例】[v] 在(商品)上贴价格(或质量等)的标签