Division A: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese (25%)

Institutions which immigrants had developed in their Old World homelands proved providentially suited to their different needs in America. And there were no better exemplars of this than the Irish. For this new nation was rich in formal governmental organizations: constitutions, legislatures, and courts galore. The long experience of Americans in self-government was of course one of the causes of the War for Independence. And American Independence, conspicuously unlike Irish Independence, had come after only a decade or two of agitation and extralegal organization. Success in the American Revolution meant that me people now controlled their governments. Constitution making men became a national pastime, while political parties debated the proper emphasis of government under the new constitutions.

How different had been the Irish experienced! While American political life tool the forms of self-government, Irish political life took the forms of endless rebellion which never climaxed in revolution. While Americans were preoccupied with social compacts, rights of representation, forms of legislation, and the balance and limits of power, the Irish had been preoccupied with organized sabotage and the frustration of unjust laws. The American experience had been legalistic and formal; the Irish had been informal, extralegal, or even antilegal. But the Irish experience would not be wasted in America.

Division B: Translate the following passage from Chinese into English (25%)

自从我画的马从案头走向社会，有人说他像徐悲鸿之马，有人说他像刘勃舒之马。应当说，我从这些大家的作品中学到了不少超乎具体笔墨的东西，但我知道我画的马谁也不像，他们只属于我，因为大师们早已定下了“学我者生，向我者死”的画界法律。世界虽大，但艺术行业步人后尘亦步亦趋者必无立锥之地。行不更名坐不改姓，哪怕再不济我仍然是我。这不是偏执，而是艺术上的求生之法。行家们尽可以指出我的作品中的一千个缺陷、一万种毛病，但无论从构图立意造境到笔墨形象，他们都只属于我自己。

艺无止境，人贵自知。随着眼界的开阔，我愈来愈感到自己画的马在力度、刚性、神韵上的不足。他还只是凡马，在地上驰骤的凡马，因为他还过于写实——它对那大象无形、天人合一、物我皆备的神骏还只能望其项背。它还亟待自我完善和升华。但愿下毕生马如破竹，一洗万古凡马空——只是我可能永远达不到但却永远追求的境界。（This is the end of the test.）