文章剖析


这篇文章介绍了严格限制堕胎的法律对堕胎率的实际影响。文章第一段提出，一项全球调查表明，限制堕胎对降低堕胎率影响很小；第二段给出一些数据，说明严格的堕胎法律不能降低堕胎率，反而可能起到相反的作用；第三段指出，大部分堕胎发生在发展中国家；第四段用另外一组数据说明了堕胎法律与堕胎率的关系；第五段是一个引申，引申到贫穷国家妇女的健康问题。





词汇注释


lest conj. 以免，免得

sweeping adj. 范围广大的，总括的；笼统的

contraceptive n. 避孕用具





难句突破


① The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries—35m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries.

主体句式：The study found that...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，其主语的定语为两个并列的分词短语：carried out by...和published in...，而宾语从句中，破折号后面的成分可以看作补语。

句子译文：这项研究由纽约的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组织合作进行，其研究报告发表于英国医学期刊《柳叶刀》上，该研究发现，大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国家，一年大约有3,500万例，而在富裕国家中，一年只有700万例。

② Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week.

主体句式：...99% were in developing countries...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，由of构成的介词短语是句子主语的定语，该介词短语中有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰名词women；according to构成的介词短语是句子的状语，在该状语中，also out this week是report的补语。

句子译文：而根据本周联合国某机构（包括世界卫生组织）的另外一个报道，2005年死于生产或与怀孕相关的并发症的53.5万名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。





题目分析


1. The word “botched” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means _____.

[A] awkward

[B] wrong

[C] backward

[D] bungled

1. botched这个词（第一段第五行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 笨拙的

[B] 错误的

[C] 落后的

[D] 低劣的

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，限制流产会迫使妇女去进行一些非法的、不安全的秘密堕胎，从而引发死亡，还有一些妇女因为某些环节不当而需要进行住院治疗。那么可以推断，这种行为是在非法的、不安全的地方进行的，比如一些小诊所，那么就应该是一些拙劣的手术程序，因此选项D最为符合。

2. The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that _____.

[A] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country's national wealth

[B] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country's restricting measures on abortion

[C] the abortion rate cannot be lowered through the legal measures

[D] the abortion rate can be controlled by the implement of tightened abortion laws

2. 2003年，非洲和亚洲的堕胎率几乎和欧洲的相同，这个事实说明_____。

[A] 堕胎率和一个国家的富裕程度无关

[B] 堕胎率和一个国家限制堕胎的措施无关

[C] 通过法律措施不能降低堕胎率

[D] 实施严格的堕胎法律能控制堕胎率

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第二段指出，虽然亚洲和非洲在堕胎方面限制严格，在欧洲堕胎合法，但三者的堕胎率却几乎相同。下文又提到，虽然拉美国家有最严格的堕胎法律，但堕胎率最高；而欧洲法律最宽松，堕胎率却最低。再结合第一段提到的研究发现，限制堕胎并不能降低堕胎数量，可以得出结论，题目中的这个事实也说明了通过法律措施不能有效地降低堕胎率。

3. The conclusion of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that _____.

[A] the aboriton rate in countries with strict abortion laws is higher than that of the countries with liberal laws

[B] there are much more abortions occuring in developing countries than in developed countries

[C] there was a dramatic drop in Eastern Europe between 1995 and 2005

[D] there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world's highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005

3. 下列选项中，除了 _____ 都能证明研究得出的结论。

[A] 有严格堕胎法律的国家的堕胎率比实施宽松堕胎法律国家的高

[B] 发展中国家的堕胎数比发达国家多

[C] 1995年到2005年期间，东欧的堕胎率急剧降低

[D] 从1995年到2005年期间，避孕措施的采用大幅度增加的国家仍然拥有世界最高的堕胎率

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆

分析：推理题。题干要求找出哪个论据不能证明本文中提到的研究得出的结论。首先由文章第一段得知，该研究的结论是：限制堕胎对降低终止怀孕的数量的影响颇微，而文章中心也是在论证限制堕胎并不能有效降低堕胎率。那么，选项A是文章第二段的论据，可以说明这一点。B的说法在第四段中提到，但提到这一点主要是由于人口数量的原因造成的，因此不能证明研究结论。C的说法在第五段中提到，世界整体放松了对堕胎的法律限制引起了堕胎率的下降，特别是东欧，这一点也可以说明。D的说法也在第四段中提及，虽然避孕手段的使用增加了，但效果却相反，也可以证明。因此，只有B是不能证明该结论的。

4. Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countries because of _____.

[A] botched procedures of abortion in poor countries

[B] inequalities of development between rich and poor countries

[C] ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries

[D] strict abortion laws in poor countries

4. 相对富裕国家而言，贫穷国家的妇女死于生产或怀孕的可能性更大，这是因为 _____。

[A] 贫穷国家低劣的堕胎手术程序

[B] 贫富国家之间发展的不平衡

[C] 贫穷国家对妇女健康问题知之甚少且重视不足

[D] 贫穷国家实施严格的堕胎法律

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆

分析：细节题。题干提到的问题在最后一段中有所阐述，首先提到因低劣的堕胎手术而死的危险只是贫穷国家妇女健康问题的一个方面而已，因此选项A错误。而该段进一步指出，联合国的一个报道发现，孕产妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该死亡率进行努力的进展也最慢，因此主要原因就是这些国家不注重这方面问题的解决。因此，选项C为正确答案。选项B显然与原文无关，而选项D与实际情况并不相符。

5. The passage is mainly about _____.

[A] a study on the abortion rate between developed and developing countries

[B] a study on the abortion laws in different countries

[C] a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries

[D] a study on the influence of the abortion laws on the abortion rate

5. 这篇文章主要是关于 _____。

[A] 对发达国家和发展中国家不同堕胎率的研究

[B] 对不同国家堕胎法律的研究

[C] 对不同国家妇女健康总体情况的研究

[D] 关于堕胎法律对堕胎率影响的研究

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：主旨题。这篇文章主要通过一个全球性的研究，说明实施严格的堕胎法律对降低堕胎率并没有作用，反而有相反的效果。因此，文章主要是关于堕胎法律对堕胎率影响的研究，D为正确答案。文章的各个段落中也涉及了其他三个选项的内容，但它们都不是文章的主题，而是围绕着主题分别展开的论述。





参考译文


天主教牧师或“反对堕胎合法化”的政治家们要求强化堕胎方面的法律，他们这样做是因为相信这样就可以减少堕胎数量。然而，迄今为止最大的全球堕胎调查却让大家对这个简单的主张产生了怀疑。该研究表明，限制堕胎对减少终止怀孕数量的影响颇微，这样反而会使得妇女寻求一些非法、不安全的秘密堕胎方式，每年因此而死亡的妇女约达67,000人，另外还有500万妇女因为手术拙劣需要住院治疗。

一般来说，堕胎在非洲和亚洲或是非法的，或是受到限制，2003年（有数据可查的最近年份）的堕胎率为每1，000名15至44岁的妇女中有29名。这个数字和欧洲的堕胎率几乎相同（欧洲为28名），而在欧洲，堕胎很普遍。而拥有世界上最严格的堕胎法律的拉丁美洲有最高的堕胎率（31名），拥有世界上最宽松的堕胎法律的西欧堕胎率最低（12名）。

这项研究由纽约的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组织合作进行，其研究报告发表于英国医学期刊《柳叶刀》上，该研究发现，大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国家，一年大约有3,500万例，而在富裕国家中，一年只有700万例。不过这在很大程度上也反映了人口规模。一个妇女不论在哪里，其堕胎的可能性都大致相同，在富裕国家中是千分之二十六，在贫穷或中等收入国家中是千分之二十九。

为了避免人们认为这些以大陆为单位做出的统计数据揭示了一些现象，但也同样掩盖了一些，那么只要看看那些改革了法律的国家的情况，也同样可以证实这一点。1995年至2005年期间，有17个国家放宽了堕胎法律，3个国家加强了对堕胎的限制，然而堕胎数量却从1995年的近4,600万例下降为2003年的4,200万例，使得全世界的堕胎率由千分之三十五下降到千分之二十九。而最大的降幅——从千分之九十降到千分之四十四——出现在东欧，在这些国家里，堕胎一般是合法的、安全的，而且是廉价的。而在同一时期，世界上堕胎率最高的地区（堕胎数比出生人数多），其避孕措施的使用则增幅较大。

在贫穷国家，因拙劣的堕胎技术而死亡的风险只不过是妇女健康这个大问题的一部分而已。但在所有的发展不平衡中，这可以说是最糟糕的。总部位于华盛顿的一个游说团组织“国际人口行动”本周发表的一篇报道声称，贫困国家的妇女在怀孕或生产中的死亡率是富裕国家妇女的250倍。而根据本周联合国某机构（包括世界卫生组织）的另外一个报道，2005年死于生产或与怀孕相关的并发症的53.3万名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。半数以上因此而死亡的妇女在非洲。正如联合国报道所指出的，孕产妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该死亡率进行的努力的进展也最慢。一个非洲妇女因怀孕或生产而死亡的几率是1/16，而在富裕国家，这个数字为1/3800。





TEXT FOUR


After receiving a six-year prison sentence on July 31st, Sanjay Dutt, an Indian film star, begged for bail while he appealed against it. “Sir, I made a mistake,” he said. But the judge said no. Mr. Dutt's crime—to have procured two guns from Muslim mobsters who were responsible for bomb attacks in Mumbai in 1993—was serious. Yet he urged Mr. Dutt, 48, to return to the silver screen after serving his sentence. “Don't get perturbed,” he said. “You have many years to go and work, like the Mackenna's Gold actor Gregory Peck.”

Mr. Dutt was convicted last year, having already spent 16 months in jail. He was acquitted of direct involvement in the bombings, which killed 257 people. They were carried out in 1993 in revenge for the demolition of an ancient mosque in the Hindu holy city of Ayodhya by Hindu fanatics, and subsequent Hindu-Muslim rioting. Some 100 people have been found guilty of the bombing. They have all been sentenced in the past three months, including a dozen to death and 20 to life-imprisonment. But the alleged masterminds of the attacks are still at large. One of them, a Mumbai gangster called Dawood Ibrahim, is alleged by Indian officials to be linked to al-Qaeda and to be hiding in Pakistan.

Despite the bleak immediate outlook, Mr. Dutt, who made his name playing tough-guy anti-heroes, is unlikely to find his career much damaged. The son of two of Bollywood's biggest stars, a Hindu-Muslim couple, he has garnered enormous sympathy for his suffering. Many Indians believe his claim that he wanted the guns to protect his family during the riots. Other Bollywood stars express support for Mr. Dutt as passionately as their Hollywood peers worry about global warming.

Then again, Bollywood is rather shady. Gangsters and crooked politicians have long laundered ill-gotten money through film productions. Indeed Mr. Dutt was investigated over money-laundering allegations in 2001. Other recent Bollywood stars to grace the courts include Monica Bedi, an actress convicted of dealing in fake passports. Her accomplice was another Mumbai gangster, Abu Salem, who delivered the guns to Mr. Dutt, and is currently awaiting trial for his alleged part in the 1993 bombings.

An even bigger Bollywood star, Salman Khan, is appealing against two prison sentences of five years and one year for poaching respectively an endangered antelope and two gazelles. A Bollywood film about the case has been scheduled. Mr. Khan has also had to battle a four-year-old charge that he recklessly drove his car over five people sleeping on a pavement in Mumbai, killing one of them.

Bollywood's biggest star, Amitabh Bachchan, also known as “the Big B”, is, in contrast, venerated. Where Mr. Khan is vain and brash, he has a reputation for humility and Hindu piety. But even this has been imperilled of late by revelations that Mr. Bachchan and his film-star son, Abhishek, bought valuable plots of land reserved for farmers. They registered themselves thus after being allotted farmland by a former government of the state of Uttar Pradesh, led by the Samajwadi Party. Mr. Bachchan is close to one of the party's leading lights, Amar Singh, a famed socialite. Mr. Bachchan's wife, Jaya, an actress, is now also a Samajwadi politician.

1. The judge said no because _____.

[A] he believed Dutt was not wronged and showed no sympathy

[B] he did not think Dutt had committed a crime

[C] he thought Dutt had committed a serious crime

[D] he thought Gregory Peck was Dutt's good example

2. The comparison of Bollywood stars' support for Dutt to Hollywood's worries about global warming implies _____.

[A] Bollywood stars are more sympathetic than their Hollywood peers

[B] Bollywood stars express their support in a modest way

[C] Bollywood stars back up Dutt with strong support and full passion

[D] Bollywood stars are also concerned about environmental issues

3. The phrase “grace the courts” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means _____.

[A] present oneself in the courts

[B] appeal against the courts

[C] be sentenced by the courts

[D] show respect to the courts

4. According to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Mr. Khan except _____.

[A] venerated

[B] vain and brash

[C] reckless and mindless

[D] cruel

5. The best title of this passage can be _____.

[A] The Shady Bollywood

[B] Mr. Dutt's Legal History

[C] Shady Stars of Bollywood

[D] Bollywood or Bullywood





文章剖析


这篇文章主要介绍了宝莱坞影星违反法律的一些个案。文章第一段和第二段介绍了影星Dutt的案件；第三段讲述民众对Dutt的宽容和支持；第四段开始转向介绍宝莱坞其他一些影星犯罪的情况，主要介绍了影星Monica的个案；第五段介绍Khan的案件；第六段介绍Bachchan的案件。





词汇注释


bail n. 保释

procure v. 获得，取得

perturb vt. 使非常烦恼

demolition n. 破坏，毁坏

at large 不受控制的，逍遥法外的

anti-hero n. 平凡的角色

garner vt. 储存

peer n. 同辈，同等的人

accomplice n. 同谋者，帮凶

poach v. 偷猎

antelope n. 羚羊

gazelle n. 瞪羚

venerate vt. 崇敬

socialite n. 社交名流





难句突破


① They were carried out in 1993 in revenge for the demolition of an ancient mosque in the Hindu holy city of Ayodhya by Hindu fanatics, and subsequent Hindu-Muslim rioting.

主体句式：They were carried out...

结构分析：这是一个简单句，拥有比较复杂的状语，有一个时间状语，一个由in revenge for引导的目的状语；在该目的状语中，有两个介词宾语：the demolition和rioting；而在第一个宾语中，in the Hindu city of Ayodhya和by Hindu fanatics都是用来修饰前面的the demolition的。

句子译文：这些爆炸事件发生于1993年，是为了报复印度教狂热教徒毁坏印度圣城阿逾陀一座古老的清真寺以及随后发生的印度-穆斯林暴乱。

② They registered themselves thus after being allotted farmland by a former government of the state of Uttar Pradesh, led by the Samajwadi Party.

主体句式：They registered themselves...

结构分析：这是一个简单句，句子的状语比较复杂。该状语是一个时间状语，状语最后的成分led by...是一个过去分词短语，作前面the state of Utar Pradesh的定语。

句子译文：印度社会党领导的前Uttar Pradesh邦政府分配给他们这片土地后，他们就进行了注册。





题目分析


1. The judge said no because _____.

[A] he believed Dutt was not wronged and showed no sympathy

[B] he did not think Dutt had committed a crime

[C] he thought Dutt had committed a serious crime

[D] he thought Gregory Peck was Dutt's good example

1. 法官之所以说“不”是因为 _____。

[A] 他认为Dutt没有被冤枉，对他不表示丝毫同情

[B] 他认为Dutt没有犯罪

[C] 他认为Dutt所犯罪行重大

[D] 他认为Gregory Peck是Dutt最好的榜样

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。本题有一定的迷惑性，要结合上下文来看。Dutt被判处六年监禁，他现在正在争取保释，在这种情况下，法官说“不行”；紧接着文章就做了说明，即Dutt所犯的罪行比较严重。因此，答案应选C。而具有迷惑性的是，原文中法官说“不”的前面是Dutt说自己犯了一个错，如果考生将这两句话错误地认为是连在一起的话，就容易选错。

2. The comparison of Bollywood stars' support for Dutt to Hollywood's worries about global warming implies _____.

[A] Bollywood stars are more sympathetic than their Hollywood peers

[B] Bollywood stars express their support in a modest way

[C] Bollywood stars back up Dutt with strong support and full passion

[D] Bollywood stars are also concerned about environ-mental issues

2. 将宝莱坞明星们对Dutt的支持和好莱坞影星对全球变暖的忧虑相比较，暗示了 _____。

[A] 宝莱坞明星要比其好莱坞的同行们更富有同情心

[B] 宝莱坞明星们以一种温和的方式表达他们的支持

[C] 宝莱坞明星们强烈支持Dutt

[D] 宝莱坞明星们也很关心环境问题

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第三段主要讲述了公众对于Dutt的同情和支持，在提到宝莱坞明星们对他的支持时说，他们表达对他的支持就好像好莱坞影星们表达对全球变暖的担忧一样。而好莱坞影星们对全球变暖的担忧并不像科学家那么热切，大多数情况下只是一种态度的表示而已，可见宝莱坞明星们对Dutt也只是一种比较温和的支持而已，因此，选项B为正确答案。

3. The phrase “grace the courts” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means _____.

[A] present oneself in the courts

[B] appeal against the courts

[C] be sentenced by the courts

[D] show respect to the courts

3. 短语grace the courts（第四段第三行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 出现在法庭上

[B] 向法庭提出上诉

[C] 被法庭判处刑罚

[D] 向法庭表示尊重

答案：A　难度系数：☆

分析：猜词题。要结合上下文来推断这个短语的意思，文中提到，近期其他的这类宝莱坞影星有Monica，她被指控买卖假护照。这是从Dutt转而描写其他影星，可以看出这些影星都被指控，但还没有被完全证实有罪。那么这个短语的含义应该是“受到法庭的审讯”，而grace有“使……增添光彩”的意思，引申来看，意思应该是“在法庭上出现”，故答案为A。