【例】[v] 夸张，夸大地叙述

[2010年阅读 Text 4] It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.

【译】恰恰是银行脱离实际，它们的账目大大高估了资产。今天，银行认为市场价格夸大亏损，因为市场价格主要反映市场的暂时性流动资金缺乏，不反映坏账可能达到的程度。

statesman [ˈsteɪtsmən] n.政治家

estate [ˈsteɪtsmən] n.房地产；身份；财产

devastate [ˈsteɪtsmən] v.毁灭，毁坏

devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] adj.毁灭性的；极具破坏力的

【例】[adj] 极具破坏力的

[2008年阅读 Text 1] The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.

【译】这种较长期的人际关系的摩擦具有很大的破坏力。

workstation [ˈwɜː(r)kˌsteɪʃ(ə)n] n.工作台

【例】[n] 工作台

[2008年阅读 Text 3] Claire C.Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.

【译】马萨诸塞州内蒂克陆军研究中心的资深人类学家克莱尔·戈登堡保证：90%的制服和工作台都很适合新兵，无需更改。她说，部队制服不像篮球服，其长度已经有一段时间没有更改了。

status [ˈsteɪtəs] n.地位；情形；状况；重要身份

【例】[n] 状况

[2011年阅读 Text 2] According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by ______.

[A] their expectation of better financial status

[B] their need to reflect on their private life

[C] their strained relation with the boards

[D] their pursuit of new career goals

【译】根据第二段可知，高级经理人辞职可能是因为______。

[A] 他们期望更好的经济状况

[B] 他们反思个人生活的需要

[C] 他们和董事会紧张的关系

[D] 他们对新事业目标的追求

【例】[n] 地位

[2013年阅读 Text 4] However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.

【译】然而，法官们说，将允许亚利桑那州警方核实那些受到法律制裁的人（指移民）其身份是否合法。

【补充词汇】

【近】assert [əˈsɜː(r)t] v.坚称；断言；表明

【例】[v] 表明

[2013年阅读 Text 4] The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.

【译】实际上，（美国）政府表明，由于它不想实现国会在移民方面的期望，任何州都不应被允许这样做。

affirm [əˈfɜː(r)m] v.断言；肯定；证实



词频★★★★★

public [ˈpʌblɪk]

adj.公众的；公共的；公开的

n.公众，民众

【形义词】publication [ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.出版；发行；出版物；发行物；公布；发布

【例】[n] 出版物；发行物

[2013年阅读 Text 3] That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

【译】这就是我们推出《弧》的原因之一。《弧》是一本致力于不久的将来的新出版物。

republican [rɪˈpʌblɪkən] adj.共和国的；共和政体的；（美国）共和党的；支持共和党的

republican [rɪˈpʌblɪkən] n.拥护共和政体者；共和主义者

【例】[adj] （美国）共和党的

[2012年阅读 Text 4] In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.

【译】在威斯康星州，工会召集了成千上万的支持者来反对强硬的共和党州长斯科特·沃克。

publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti] n.公众信息；宣传；公之于众的状况

publicized [ˈpʌblɪˌsaɪzd] adj.公开的

publicly [ˈpʌblɪkli] adv.公共地；公开地；公众地

【补充词汇】

【词组】in public：公开地，当众

【例】公开地，当众

[2010年阅读 Text 4] Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.

【译】在公众面前，银行家一直把他们的问题归咎到自己身上。

【近】mass [mæs] n.民众；大量

civil [sɪˈvl] adj.公民的



词频★★★★★

law [lɔː]

n.法律；法令；法规；规律；定律

【例】[n] 法律

[2014年阅读 Text 2] A lot of students take up law as their profession due to______.

[A] the growing demand from clients

[B] the increasing pressure of inflation

[C] the prospect of working in big firms

[D] the attraction of financial rewards

【译】许多学生选择法律作为他们的职业，这是因为______。

[A] 不断增长的客户需求

[B] 不断增加的通货膨胀压力

[C] 在大公司工作的前景

[D] 经济回报的吸引力

【形义词】claw [klɔː] n.爪；螯；钳；爪形器具

claw [klɔː] v.用爪抓（或挖）

lawful [ˈlɔːf(ə)l] adj.合法的；法定的；法律许可的

lawsuit [ˈlɔːˌsuːt] n.诉讼；诉讼案件

flaw [flɔː] n.瑕疵；裂纹；缺点

flaw [flɔː] v.使破裂；使有缺陷

【例】[n] 缺点

[2012年阅读 Text 1] The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.

【译】正如这里所显示的，社会治疗最明显的缺陷是它不能持久地良好运行。

lawyer [ˈlɔːjə(r)] n.律师；法学家

【补充词汇】

【近】legislation [ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃ(ə)n] n.法律；法规

【例】[n] 法律；法规

[2007年阅读 Text 4] That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.

【译】这种情况可能会迅速改变：如今，许多提议的数据安全法规已经在华盛顿广泛征求意见了。



词频★★★★★

mean [miːn]

v.意味着，即是；意指，意思是说；打算，意欲；意义重大

adj.吝啬的；刻薄的；破旧的

n.平均值；平均数

【例】[v] 意味着

[2007年阅读 Text 2] Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart.

【译】毫无疑问，智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。那么聪明意味着什么呢？

【例】[v] 意味着

[2015年阅读 Text 2] The development of “cloud computing,”meanwhile, means that police officers could conceivably access even more information with a few swipes on a touchscreen.

【译】与此同时，“云计算”的发展意味着，警官们可以像想象中的那样只需在触摸屏上滑动几下便可获取更多的信息。

【形义词】meaning [ˈmiːnɪŋ] n.意义，含义

well-meaning [welˈmiːnɪŋ] adj.善意的；好心的

meaningless [ˈmiːnɪŋləs] adj.没有意义的；不重要的；无价值的

meaningfully [ˈmiːnɪŋf(ə)lli] adv.有意图地；有意义地；重要地

【例】[adv] 有意图地

[2007年阅读 Text 1] And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

【译】埃里克森确信，有意图地学习如何编码信息的最佳方法是一种被称为“刻意练习”的学习过程。“刻意练习”需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务，它还包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及方法和结果并重。

means [miːnz] n.方法；手段

meanwhile [ˈmiːnˌwaɪl] adv.同时；其间

【例】[adv] 同时

[2010年阅读新题型] Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious.They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.

【译】同时，由于经济衰退的阴影挥之不去，人们正变得焦虑不安。他们开始把钱包捂得更紧了，并且把在家就餐看作是一种切合实际的选择。

【补充词汇】

【词组】by means of：用；依靠

by no means：绝不；一点也不

【同】indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt] v.表明；暗示；象征；反映

implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.可能引发的后果；暗示；含意

【例】[n] 可能引发的后果

[2007年阅读 Text 3] Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes.

【译】各类学者、决策人和评论人士已经讨论了这些改变可能引发的社会影响。



词频★★★★★

influence [ˈɪnfluəns]

n.影响；感化；势力，权势

v.影响；感化

【形义词】influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃ(ə)l] adj.有影响力的；有势力的

influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃ(ə)l] n.影响者；有势力的人

【例】[adj] 有影响力的

[2014年阅读 Text 4] Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to______.

[A] retain people's interest in liberal education

[B] define the government's role in education

[C] keep a leading position in liberal education

[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education

【译】国会中有影响力的人物要求美国人文与科学院就如何______作出报告。

[A] 保持人们关于文科教育的兴趣

[B] 定义政府在教育中的角色

[C] 在文学教育中保持领先地位

[D] 保护个人受教育的权力

impact [ˈɪmpækt] n.碰撞；撞击；影响

impact [ɪmˈpækt] v.撞击；碰撞；冲击；（对……）产生影响

【例】[n] 影响

[2013年阅读 Text 1] Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H＆M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

【译】尽管多家快时尚公司已经在尽力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响（例如H＆M推出了环保意识系列服装生产线），但克莱因认为，长期的改变只能通过消费者来实现。



词频★★★★★

live [lɪv] /[laɪv]

v.居住；生活；生存；以……为生；留存；铭记

adj.活的；有生命的；现场演出的

【例】[adj] 现场演出的

[2011年阅读 Text 1] Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

【译】那些回应称唱片不能代替现场演出的忠实音乐会迷们没有抓住问题的关键。

These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener's choosing.

【译】这些唱片价格便宜，哪里都能找到，而且通常会比如今那些现场音乐会的艺术品质高。进一步讲，听众能自由地选择“消费”唱片的时间和地点。

alive [əˈlaɪv] adj.活着的；有生气的，活跃的

【例】[adj] 活着的

[2012年阅读 Text 4] If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.

【译】如果工会主义者吉米·霍法如今仍然在世，他可能会代表公务员。

【名人名言助记】I often think the night is more alive and richly colored than the day.

—Vincent van Gogh

【译】我总觉得，夜晚比白天更有生气，更多姿多彩。—文森特·梵高

deliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] v.发表（讲话）；递送；接生（婴儿）

【例】[v] 递送

[2009年完型] Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.

[A] deliver

[B] carry

[C] perform

[D] apply

【译】对动物智力的研究也让我想知道，如果动物有机会的话，它们会对人类进行什么实验。

[A] 递送

[B] 运送；传达

[C] 进行；执行

[D] 申请；适用

delivery [dɪˈlɪv(ə)ri] n.分娩；投递；讲话方式

outlive [ˌaʊtˈlɪv] v.比……活得长；比……经久

【例】[v] 比……经久

[2007年阅读 Text 3] Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.

【译】和数百万的家庭一样，炼钢工人、航空公司员工以及如今的汽车工业从业者们都不得不开始担心利率、股市涨跌以及一个残酷的现实：他们也许会提前花完自己的退休养老金。

liveliness [ˈlaɪvlinəs] n.活力

livelihood [ˈlaɪvlihʊd] n.生计；生活

【补充词汇】

【词组】live off：依赖……生活，依赖

【同】dwell [dwel] v.居住于；存在于

reside [rɪˈzaɪd] v.定居于；属于

【近】survive [sə(r)ˈvaɪv] v.幸存；比……活得长

survival [sə(r)ˈvaɪv(ə)l] n.生存；幸存

inhabit [ɪnˈhæbɪt] v.居住于

settle [ˈset(ə)l] v.使定居



词频★★★★★

federal [ˈfed(ə)rəl]

adj.联邦的

【例】[adj] 联邦的

[2008年阅读 Text 1] A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.

【译】一些总理们对于联邦与地方之间的任何交易都持怀疑态度。

【例】[adj] 联邦的

[2013年阅读 Text 4] In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.

【译】在亚利桑那州和美国（政府）的对决中，亚利桑那州提出了一项充满争议的方案，即让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法。方案里有四项有争议的条款，其中三项被多数票否决。

【形近词】

federation [ˌfedəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.联邦制国家；联邦；（社团或组织的）同盟；联盟；联合会

【例】[n] （社团或组织的）同盟；联盟；联合会

[2011年完型] The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.

【译】这个想法旨在建立一个个人在线身份系统的联合体。

【补充词汇】

【词组】FBI：联邦调查局 （Federal Bureau of Inves-tigation）

CIA：中央情报局 （Central Intelligence Agency）



词频 ★★★★★

large [lɑː(r)dʒ]

adj.大的；大规模的；大量的

【形近词】

largely [ˈlɑː(r)dʒli] adv.主要地；大体上地；大量地

enlarge [ɪnˈlɑː(r)dʒ] v.扩大；放大；扩充

【例】[v] 扩充

[2012年阅读 Text 4] It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______.

[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members

[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant

[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership

[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists

【译】通过第一段可知______。

[A] 卡车司机工会仍然有大量的会员

[B] 吉米·霍法曾是一名公务员

[C] 工会扩充了公共部门的成员数量

[D] 政府改善了他们与工会会员之间的关系

【补充词汇】

【词组】at large：一般；全体地；普遍地

【近】bulky [ˈbʌlki] adj.庞大的；体积大的

outsize [ˈaʊtˌsaɪz] adj.特大的

huge [hjuːdʒ] adj.庞大的



词频 ★★★★★

mark [mɑː(r)k]

v.做标记；指出；标明；在（商品）上贴价格（或质量等）的标签

n.痕迹；斑点；污点；记号；符号；（考试等）分数

【例】[v] 在（商品）上贴价格（或质量等）的标签

[2010年阅读 Text 4] America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.

【译】美国收购不良资产的新计划不会起作用，除非银行将资产售价定到足够吸引买家的水平上。

【形近词】

market [ˈmɑː(r)kɪt] n.市场；行情

market [ˈmɑː(r)kɪt] v.推销；营销

【例】[n] 推销；营销（此处为market的分词形式）

[2011年阅读 Text 3] The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.

【译】过去，实现成功营销的粗略指南就是“一分耕耘，一分收获”。

【例】[n] 市场



[2014年阅读 Text 4] Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.

【译】今天，教授们通常把对历史的激进式诠释和激进的公共政策当作合适的研究课题，同时将保守的或经典的自由主义理念——比如自由市场和自力更生——视为不合常规，甚至有时是不合常理的知识探索。

marketplace [ˈmɑː(r)kɪtˌpleɪs] n.市集；商场；市场

marked [mɑː(r)kt] adj.显著的，明显的；有记号的

【例】[adj] 显著的，明显的

[2014年翻译] There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young.

【译】通过与他人共同生活受到的教育明显不同于对年轻人的刻意教育。

marketer [ˈmɑː(r)kɪtə(r)] n.市场商人；市场营销人员

【例】[n] 市场营销人员

[2011年阅读 Text 1] Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses.But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Website.

【译】营销人员通过控制付费媒体和自有媒体推销其产品。对于赢得媒体，营销人员充当用户反馈催化剂。但是，在某些情况下，一个营销者的自有媒体会变成另一个营销者的付费媒体。比如，某电子商务零售商出售其网站的广告空间。

remark [rɪˈmɑː(r)k] v.评论；谈到

remark [rɪˈmɑː(r)k] n.评论；话语；注意；观察