南京师范大学英语写作(学硕)复习资料(3)

本站小编 免费考研网/2016-01-09


Be sure that the examples you use to explain your thesis should be carefully chosen. You should select examples that are relevant, representative, specific, striking and dramatic
 
Transitional words that are often used in illustration:
For instance, For example, Another instance of, Another example of, Another illustration of, To illustrate, A case in point is, Here are a few examples, Some instances, Yet another

Terms    Definitions
 Brief illustration
 An unelaborated example, often only a sentence or two long
 Extended illustration     A detailed example

 Hypothetical illustration     An example that might happen but that has not actually occurred

4) Argumentation(考试考点):
In an argumentation essay, you defend your position (point of view) with a series of solid reasons. You try to argue with someone, that is, to persuade others to accept or agree with your point of view.

(1) Strategies for argumentation
(a) Acknowledge differing viewpoints
You can cite the opposing viewpoint in your thesis statement or in your supporting paragraphs.
(b) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints.
(c) Use tactful, courteous language.
(d) Rebut differing viewpoints

(2) How to write argumentative essays
Stage 1: decide on a controversial topic (debatable and interesting) and write an argumentative thesis statement. The thesis statement should define the scope of the argument and make an assertion that is open to debate.
Ineffective Examples of Argumentative Thesis Statements
Example 1:
Thesis: Something should be done on media bias.
This is not an effective argumentative thesis statement because it does not clearly state the writer’s idea. The answers of questions like “what is that ‘something’ that should be done?” or “who should do it?” are not clear.
Example 2:
Thesis: CNN is the best TV channel.
This is not an effective thesis statement. This sentence is not debatable as it involves personal choice or preference
Example 3:
Thesis: There are 3 ways of media censorship.
This is not an argumentative thesis statement as the writer aims at listing the types of media censorship. Therefore, the writer’s purpose of writing this essay is not to persuade the reader but to give information. Also, the ways of media censorship are not open to debate. Thus, they are not suitable for argumentation.

Effective Examples of  Argumentative Thesis Statements
Example 1:
Thesis: Newspapers should not identify people by color, race, or religious faith in any way.
This is an effective argumentative thesis statement. Firstly, the topic is open to discussion. There may be people who would oppose this argument claiming that this kind of restriction would damage the objectivity of the news. Therefore, the writer holds a clear stance. Above all, it is obvious that the writer’s aim is not simply to inform the readers but to convince them to take his / her side in the debate.

The expository (p58) thesis statement vs. the argumentative thesis statement:
Similarity:
Both expository(说明的,解释的) and argumentative thesis statements express a certain opinion about a topic.
Difference:
An expository thesis statement does not include a sharp opinion; rather, it discusses advantages, disadvantages, types, reasons, results, problems, solutions, processes, or categories of an issue often in the form of listing, enumeration, classification, or sequencing.
An argumentative thesis statement has a clear stance on a debatable topic, fiercely argues that the writer’s opinion is correct and reflects this subjectivity both in its style and tone.

Choosing an argumentative topic is not an easy task. The topic should be such that
•    it should be narrowed down
× Marijuana ( [ˌmærəˈwɑːnə] 大麻) should be considered illegal. (Not a good topic because it is too general. In some medical cases, marijuana is prescribed by the doctors and the patients are encouraged to use it in case of suffering from too much pain)
√ Selling and using marijuana in public places should be considered illegal.
•    it should contain an argument
× We should decide whether we want a bicycle or a car. (our stand is not clear: do we support having bicycles or cars?)
√ If we are under the age of 30 and want a healthy life, we should definitely get a bicycle instead of a car.
×Are you one of those who thinks cheating is not good for students? (a question cannot be an argument)

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