考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part I.Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and writeyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The Olympic Games were watched by ___ billions of people around the world.A. virtuallyB. literallyC. deliberately D. appropriately2. In a materialistic and ____ society people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetarypursuit.A. adaptiveB. addictiveC. acquisitiveD. arrogant3. I found it difficult to ___ my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children. A. intensifyB. reconcileC. consolidateD. amend4. Both dog's diet and structureare ___ to those of the human being, and so it has been the subject of countless demonstrations and experiments.A. comparableB. comparativeC. equalD. contrary5. We need one hundred more signatures before we take the ___ to the governor.A. pleaB. petitionC. patentD. claim6. Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ___ from over 4000 to a few hundred.A. proclaimedB. dwindledC. repressedD. indulged7. Like most other American companies with a rigid ___, workers and managers have strictly defined duties.A. vitalityB. jurisdictionC. hierarchyD. bureaucracy8. It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect the ___ silk from damage.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. tenderD. delicate9. Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this ___ happiness away.A. adversaryB. vulgar C. fragileD. superfluous10. The industry has pumped ___ amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.A. potentialB. substantialC. massiveD. traditional11. The university has sought to ____ a special fund for physically disabled students.A. administerB. complimentC. performD. institute12. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into ___ ones.A. tragicB. vulnerableC. turbulentD. suspicious13. Bad traveling conditions had seriously ___ their progress to their destination in thatregion.A. tugged B. demolishedC. hamperedD. destroyed14. When cooperating with the American specialists in the States, I ___ myself of the opportunity to improve my English.A. availed B. allowedC. deprivedD. indulged15. The structure of this animal's brain gives no ___ that it is any more intelligent than others.A. indicationB. index C. hintD. implication16. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ___ in the public mind today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. existed17. He told us how he dealt with the self-interest of countries to bring them into a kind of international accord ___ everyone seemed to benefit.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what18. Rarely ___ occur without a corresponding physical ailment.A. chronic mental fatigueB. is chronic mental fatigueC. does chronic mental fatigueD. chronic mental fatigue does19. Minoan civilization ___ rapidly after a huge volcanic eruption; Crete was eventually overrun with people from mainland Greece.A. decliningB. declinedC. was declinedD. to decline20. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive ___ avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.A. but B. whileC. andD. whereas21. Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements --usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different ___ their elements are arranged differently.A. in thatB. so thatC. such that D. except that22. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ___ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.A. everything exceptB. anything butC. no less thanD. nothing more than23. Annic Jump Cannon, ___ discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky”.A. a leading astronomer whoB. who, as a leading astronomer,C. was a leading astronomerD. a leading astronomer,24. Used only for wall surfaces that are exposed to view or require a decorative effect, ___.A. the exactness in shape, size, and color of face brickB. face brick must be exact in shape, size, and colorC. must be face brick which is exact in shape, size and colorD. the shape, size, and color must be exact of face brick25. Nearly all trees contain a mix of polymers that can burn like petroleum ___ properly extracted.A. afterB. ifC. when itD. is26. Playwright Lillian Hellman's dramas are marked by their intelligent and ___.A. weaved tight plotsB. plots are tightly wovenC. tightly woven plotsD. weaving of tight plots27. Even at low levels, ___.A. the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by leadB. lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous systemC. lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous systemD. the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system28. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children ___.A. were not able to help laughterB. could not help but laughingC. could not help laughingD. could not help to laugh29. Founded around 1075, the Acoma Pueblo is considered ___ settlement in the United States.A. the oldest continuously occupiedB. occupied continuously the oldestC. the oldest occupied continuouslyD. continuously the oldest occupied30. ___ debate and discussion, opposing ideas are presented in an attempt to persuade people.A. BothB. Although both C. That bothD. In bothPart II. Proof-reading and Error Correction （10 points）Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrongwordUnderlinethe wrong and write the correct one in the blank provided on the answer sheet. For a missing wordMark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the answer sheet. For an unnecessaryword Cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet.
Some people say love makes the world go around. Others say it is not love; it’s money. Since the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go around. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible even when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. In this cycle all life depends. It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as many as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard time in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer. Agood case in point is white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. Aphysically mature female deer in the good condition who has conceived in November and was given birth to two fawns during the end of May and first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to reproduce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process—it requires a lot of food. The cost can be met unless the region has ample food resources.1. __________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________7. ____________8. ____________9. ____________10. ____________Part III.Cloze (20 points):Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and fill in each bank with a word from the word bank, and change the form where necessary.Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once. basereducelimitcomparedaterepresentsynonymhomonympronounceindicateproportionaterestrictexceedvarietycontrastapproximatecomposesymbolrecombineexistvarydevelopcomplicatedmajorityminorityThe Chinese writing system is one of the oldest known written languages. Some of the earliest examples of ancient Chinese writing ___1___ back to over 4000 years ago. The first characters to be developed were pictographs, or pictures of objects. The symbol for “sun”looked like a sun, and the symbolfor “tree”looked like a tree. When symbols for more ___2___ concepts were needed, an ___3___ character with the same pronunciation was used to ___4___ the pronunciation of the word. The written language therefore ___5___ according to the sound of the words, not just their meaning. There are some pictograph and ideograph characters, but about 90 per cent of characters have a phonetic element. Each character is ___6___ of elements that can be recombined to form new words ___7___ on its meaning or sound. For example, the element 木（tree）can be ___8___ with other elements to form the word for “forest”(based on its meaning) or the word for “bathe”or “wash”(based on its sound). Each character can have a number of different pronunciations thatalso ___9___ different meanings. The ___10___ of characters change only the tone pitch, but there are also many characters that have several very different___11___. As Chinese has a relatively ___12___ number of sounds in its phonemic system, there are also many ___13___ --- words that have the same sound but different meanings. Chinese character elements can be recombined in lots of ways and the number of possible new charactersis___14___. It is thought the total number of characters ever used ___15___ 100,000. Average dictionaries contain about 10,000 characters, two thirds of which are rarely used. It is said that a Chinese speaker needs ___16___ 3,000 characters to read and understand 99 per cent of modern texts. There are many different ___17___ of spoken Chinese and it is common for speakers of Chinese to be able to speak several ___18___ of the language. They are, however, all ___19___ by the same written script. This ___20___ with English where the systems of spoken and written language are more tightly connected. This is one major difference between Chinese and Western concepts of language.PartIV.Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and writethe letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1Robert Capa is a name that has for many years been synonymous with war photography. Born in Hungary in 1913, Capa was forced to leave his native country after his involvement in anti-government protests. After his arrival in Berlin, he had first found work as a photographer. He later left Germany and moved to France due to the rise in Nazism. In 1936, Capa went to Spain and it was here over the next three years that he built his reputation as a war photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his most famous pictures, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier. One of Capa’s most famous quotes was ‘If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough.’ And he took his attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His photograph, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier is a prime example of this as Capa captures the very moment the soldier falls. However, many have questioned the authenticity of this photograph, claiming that it was staged.When World War II broke out, Capa was in New York, but he was soon back in Europe covering the war for Life magazine. Some of his most famous work was created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore with the first assault on Omaha Beach in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Capa, armed only with two cameras, took more than one hundred photographs in the first hour of the landing, but a mistake in the darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight frames. It was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style of Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie ‘Saving Private Ryan’. When Life magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly out of focus, and Capa later used this as the title of his autobiographical account of the war.Capa’s private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of Hollywood’s directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he fell in love with the wife of actor John Austin. His affair with her lasted until the end of the war and became the subject of his war memoirs. He was at one time lover to actress Ingrid Bergman. Their relationship finally ended in 1946 when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went off to Turkey.In 1947 Capa was among a group of photojournalists who founded Magnum Photos. This was a co-operative organizationset up to support photographers and to help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their work.Capa went on to document many other wars. He never attempted to glamorize war though, but to record the horror. He once said, "The desire of any war photographer is to be put out of business."Capa died as he had lived. After promising not to photograph any more wars, he accepted an assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first Indochina war. On May 25th 1954 Capa was accompanying a French regiment when he left his jeep to take some photographs of the advance and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to a nearby hospital, still clutching his camera, but was pronounced dead on arrival. He left behind him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for photojournalism that few others have been able to reach.Capa’s legacy has lived on though and in 1966 his brother Cornell founded the International Fund for Concerned Photography in his honor. There is also a Robert Capa Gold Medal, which is given to the photographer who publishes the best photographic reporting from abroad with evidence of exceptional courage. But perhaps his greatest legacy of all is the haunting images of the human struggles that he captured.1. Capa went to Spain and became renowned as a ________.A. fighter. B. holiday maker. C. photographer. D. writer. 2. Capa’s famous picture Death of a Loyalist Soldier ________.A. was taken by someone else. B. was definitely genuine. C. wasn’t even taken in Spain. D. cannot be proven genuine or staged. 3. A mistake meant that ________.A. only one hundred of Capa’s photographs were published. B. Capa lost both of his two cameras. C. Capa’s images inspired an Oscar winning movie. D. Most of Capa’s images of the D-Day landing were destroyed. 4. Capa’s private life was ________.A. less dramatic than his professional life. B. spent mostly in Hollywood. C. very glamorous. D. spent in Turkey. 5. Capa wanted his work to ________.A. be very famous. B. show how glamorous war can be. C. show the true horror of war. D. make lots of money. Passage 2Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.6.According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?A. They revert from the long term memory.B. They are filtered from the sensory storage area.C. They get chunked when they enter the brain.D. They enter via the nervous system.7.The word “elapses” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A. passesB. adds upC. appearsD. continues8.All of the following are mentioned as places in which memories are stored EXCEPT the ______.A. STMB. long term memoryC. sensory storage areaD. maintenance area9.Why does the author mention a dog's bark?A. To give an example of a type of memoryB. To provide a type of interruptionC. To prove that dogs have better memories than humansD. To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell10. Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?A. The working memory is the same as the short term memory.B. A memory is kept alive through constant repetition.C. Cues help people to recognize information.D. Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.Passage 3Just hours before Sunday papers with the last drawings of the Peanuts characters began hitting newsstands, the man who created the world’s most popular comic strip died in his sleep at his Santa Rosa, California home.Charles Schulz, “Sparky” to those who knew him, was diagnosed with colon cancer in November. And ever since, get-well wishes and tributes have been pouring in. Mail reached 500 pieces a day at his Santa Rosa studio. And other cartoonists expressed their feelings through their own comic characters.Mike Luckovich is an editorial cartoonist for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. “He’s a fan of editorial cartooning, although one time he asked me, “Mike, why do you do those mean cartoons?’ because his strip was always so gentle and so sweet.”The mini-plots of the Peanuts gang were as profound as they were funny.Paige Braddock works for Schulz Creative Associates. “He’s an observer of how people interact and what people’s insecurities are and somehow he manages to capture that, in this simple, elegantly-designed art form. You know, in 20 words, or less.”The insecure and anxious Charlie Brown may well have been a reflection of the other side of Schulz’s own personality.Gaye Lebaron is a columnist for the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. “…and in a way, he’s Everyman. And I think that’s what the appeal has been. He has characteristics shared by everybody.”The Peanuts kids had a universal appeal. The strip appeared in 2,500 papers in 76 countries.Daryl King read the last strip early Sunday in a Washington, D.C. coffee shop. “It’s like the end of an era. You grow up with Peanuts, you expect it’s always going to be there.”For San Francisco school psychologist Wes Cedros, the Peanuts kids became more interesting with time. “As I grew older, I could identify with all the themes that were running through.”It was the animated characters of the Peanuts television specials that Los Angeles e-commerce fashion worker Pat remembers. “There was this sort of sad undertone to it, that just really hit; it hit that soft spot.”Schulz was the 1978 International Cartoonist of the Year and twice won cartooning’s highest honor, the Reuben Award. Last week he spoke about the art of cartoon with Santa Rosa radio station, KSRO. “I’m just pleased that somehow I’ve been able to kind of point out to some people that comic strip art is an art.”There will be returns. But Schulz and his family decided long ago that after he stopped, no one else would ever draw the strip he drew for nearly 50 years.11. Who is now writing the Peanuts comic strip?A. Mike Luckovich of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.B. No one; it is appearing only as returns.C. Paige Braddock of Schulz Creative Associates.D. Gaye Lebaron of the Santa Rosa Press Democrat.12. How did editorial cartoonist Mike Luckovich describe Charles Schulz’s comic strip? A. It was sad and anxious.B. It was always mean.C. It was unpopular.D. It was gentle and sweet.13. Why was Schulz’s comic strip so popular? A. Because people grew up reading Charlie Brown and the Peanuts gang.B. Because people liked the animated characters of the Peanuts television specials.C. Because people had the same ideas, experiences and attitudes towards the world at large as Charlie Brown.D. Because he turned his form of cartoon drawing into an elegant art that people enjoy.14. The reason why the e-commerce fashion worker, Pat, liked the Peanuts television program was that __________.A. she felt sorry for the characters in itB. she could identify with the characters in itC. she enjoyed watching the adventures of the characters in itD. she shared in the experience of the characters in it15. According to the article, what is cartooning’s highest award?A. The Academy Award.B. The Reuben Award.C. The Grammy Award.D. The Santa Rosa Award.Part V.Translation (30 points)Section A.Chinese to English (15 points):Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the answer sheet.说到语文学习的乐趣，必须区分两种不同的阅读快感：一是诉诸直觉，来得快，去得也快；一是含英咀华，来得迟，去得也迟。“经典阅读”与“快乐阅读”，二者并不截然对立。我只是强调教学中如何培养学生“发现的目光”。发现什么？发现表面上平淡无奇的字里行间所蕴涵着的汉语之美文章之美人性之美以及大自然之美。Section B.English to Chinese (15 points):Translate the following into Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet. An urban myth is a story you hear by word of mouth. It usually describes something which might have happened, a legendary, second-hand story told as if it were true, just about plausible enough to be credible, about some event which has supposedly happened to a real person. However, some academics claim that urban myths are not really myths. According to them, a myth is a story which held some religious or spiritual significance for those who told it or listened in the past to it, and which contributed to the expression of shared beliefs and values. However improbable a myth might be, it’s always true for those who belong to that culture from which the myth comes.Part VI. Writing (30points):Directions:Write a composition according to the given situation.The Peter Principle is the principle that “in a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence.” It holds that in a hierarchy, members are promoted so long as they work competently. Sooner or later they are promoted to a position at which they are no longer competent (their “level of incompetence”), and there they remain. In an organizational structure, the Peter Principle’s practical application allows assessment of the potential of an employee for a promotion based on performance in the current job, i.e. members of a hierarchical organization eventually are promoted to their highest level of competence, after which further promotion raises them to incompetence. That level is the employee’s “level of incompetence” where the employee has no chance of further promotion, thus reaching his or her career’s ceiling in an organization.The employee’s incompetence is not necessarily exposed as a result of the higher-ranking position being more difficult — simply, that job is different from the job in which the employee previously excelled, and thus requires different work skills, which the employee usually does not possess.Do you agree with the principle? Please give reasons forany decision and developit into a short essay of about 400-500 words with a proper title.考研高分咨询罗老师电话/微信：**咨询QQ：**