Text  4 (课外阅读) 
                                                                 
    Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

    Until recently the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics--but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.

    Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.

    Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.

    A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

    Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. *But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

    The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

    Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘anti-science’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”                                                            (399 words)

    Notes: schism分裂。if anything 甚至于还可能。find fault with 批评，挑剔。creationism 上帝创世说。long for 渴望。utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。epithet 表述。lump together 把…归并在一起。have … in common 共同点是…。

1. The example of Galileo’s 17th-century trial is used to show ___________.

  A. the hostile attitude of the humanities towards science 
  B. the confusion between science and other aspects of culture
  C. the conspicuous advantage of science over anti-science
  D. the harmonious relationship of science with the humanities

2. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs of the text?

  A. The author sympathizes with scientists in a reasonable way.
  B. The decline of science’s power is attributed to reduction in funding for science.
  C. The development of science contributes to its struggle against humanities.
  D. The division of science and the humanities has considerably grown until recently.

3. Which of the following is true according to the text?

  A. The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science.
  B. Politicians and certain authorities are subject to the labeling of anti-science.
  C. Environmentalists were not blamed at all for anti-science in an essay.
  D. Sagan does not criticize those who advocate theories contrary to science.

4. The last paragraph suggests that __________________.

  A. some observers are afraid of being accused of anti-science
  B. Gerald Holton tags many different views he doesn’t agree with as anti-science
  C. anything that offends the “more enlightened” is now in danger of being listed in “anti-science”
  D. the “more enlightened” think that the term “anti-science” involves many wrong attitudes towards science
  
5. The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. anti-science” is ___________________.

  A. detached              B. subjective           C. biased           D. puzzling

II. Writing: (提纲漫画式作文)

Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of 160--200 words within 30--35 minutes. Your essay must meet the requirements below.

    1. Show your understanding of the meaning of the picture below
    2. State the harmful effects of fake and inferior products
    3. Suggest ways to fight against fake and inferior products

假冒伪劣产品
             
     正如所给的图画所描绘的, 我国社会主义市场经济正在迅速发展, 就像一辆高速行驶的卡车。但是公众惊讶地发现, 越来越多的假冒伪劣产品严重地阻碍了我国市场经济的发展。消费者必须经常谨慎地去购买他们所需的货物或服务, 否则他们会落入不法制假人所设的陷阱。

     毫无疑问, 假冒伪劣产品极其有害。首先, 它们危害人民的健康, 引发了许多伤害事故。例如，伪劣药品不仅使病人的病情恶化, 而且往往会威胁病人的生命, 更糟的是, 导致病人的死亡。其次, 假冒伪劣产品通常廉价出售。在许多情况下, 它们又干扰了我国正常的经济秩序, 影响了许多高质量产品的销路。这在很大程度上阻碍了我国社会主义市场经济的健康发展, 并损害了我们国家的利益。 因此, 我们可以说, 假冒伪劣产品是我们健康经济中的一颗“毒瘤”, 对此必须尽快清除。

     依我看, 必须采取若干有力措施来与假冒伪劣产品斗争。一方面, 制假者应该依法严惩。另一方面, 消费者应该学会识别真假。只有这样, 消费者才能维护他们的合法权益。

    As the picture given depicts, the socialist market-oriented economy in our country is developing rapidly, just like a truck running at a high speed. But the general public is surprised to find that there are more and more fake and inferior products seriously hampering the expansion of our market economy. Consumers have to be very careful in purchasing goods and services they need; otherwise they will fall into the traps set by the illegal manufacturers.

    There is no doubt that fake and inferior products are extremely harmful. In the first place, they endanger people’s health, giving rise to a lot of injury accidents. For instance, inferior-quality medicines not only aggravate a patient’s condition, but also tend to threaten his life and, what’s worse, to result in his death. Secondly, fake and inferior products are usually sold on the cheap. In many cases they interfere with the normal economic order in our country, affecting the marketing of many high-quality goods. This, in a great degree, hinders the development of our socialist market economy and harms the interests of our state. Therefore, we can say that fake and inferior products are a dangerous “tumor” in our healthy economy, which must be cut away as soon as possible.

    In my opinion, several strong measures should be adopted to fight against fake and inferior products. On the one hand, those who make them deserve to be severely punished by the law. On the other hand, consumers should learn to discern between true and false. Only in this way can they defend their own legal rights and interests. (263 words)

背记重点词语汉英对照：
1. 阻碍，妨碍：hamper, hinder, obstruct，interfere with。
2. 引起，造成：give rise to; cause。
3. 使病情加重：aggravate a patient’s condition。
4. 小心谨慎做某事：be careful in doing sth.。
5. 廉价出售某物：sell sth. on the cheap。
6. 干扰某人：interfere with sb.。
7. 损害我们的国家利益：harm the interests of our state。8. 辨别真伪：discern between true and false。 
9. 维护某人的合法权益：defend one’s legal rights and interests。