2. 关于“轻生产”策略，下列哪项陈述是正确的？

[A] 日本的电子业巨头目前正在开始考虑实施该策略。

[B] 日本的电子业巨头对于这个战略的态度仍然很含糊。

[C] 该策略对于促进公司更加注重最终产品的制造是有益的。

[D] 该策略适用于资金密集型产业。

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。选项A，文章第二段指出，日本的电子业巨头本来对该策略非常抵触，但现在这种态度也在发生变化，因此可以推断，他们也在考虑实施该策略。B，文章第二段最后一句话指出：“日本大型的电子集团以前强烈抵制这种“轻制造”的策略，但现在它们的态度似乎也发生了变化，尽管还不一定会全面放开”，从中我们还是可以很明显地看出这些企业态度的变化的，因此该选项错误。C，文章中没有明确指出这个策略是否是beneficial，因此也不正确。D的内容文章中并没有提到。因此，选项A为正确答案。

3. Sony hands over its processor-chip division to Toshiba in order to _____.

[A] float its financial-services arm through saving huge investment from chip-making

[B] cater to Toshiba's strategy of gaining economies of scale

[C] focus on its main business by cutting off non-core branches

[D] supply processors for its PlayStation 3 games consoles

3. 索尼将自己的芯片处理器部门转让给东芝是为了 _____。

[A] 通过从取消芯片生产节省下来的投资资金来创立自己的金融服务公司

[B] 迎合东芝获得规模效益的策略

[C] 通过砍掉非核心部门来专注于自己的主营业务

[D] 为其游戏站3个游戏控制台提供服务器

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第三段提到索尼的举措，索尼的芯片处理器部门是亏损的，将其转让给东芝后，就不必再往该部门投入大量的资金了，但是又可以有服务器供应；索尼还把其他非核心业务部门也裁掉了。而文章举索尼的例子也是为了说明这种策略，即将辅营业务去除，专营主营业务。因此，选项C是正确的。

4. Sanyo's plan of selling its semiconductor unit miscarried mainly due to _____.

[A] the high price it charged

[B] the dispute among the investors, some of whom pay great effort to revive the company

[C] the difficulty of retaining the management of the chip-manufacturing

[D] the sudden fall of its share price

4. 三洋出售其半导体部门的计划流产了，主要是因为 _____。

[A] 三洋要价过高

[B] 投资者有分歧，其中一些力图重振公司

[C] 保持芯片生产管理困难重重

[D] 其股价的突然下跌

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第四段指出，银行停步在价格和Advantage想要保留目前的管理的计划上，由此可以推断，该计划流产就是因为价格过高，而且Advantage想要维持原来的管理模式。因此，选项A为正确答案。其他三项的内容在该段中都有所提及，但却不是该计划流产的原因。

5. NEC refused the offer from Perry Capital because _____.

[A] the bit by Perry is not ideal

[B] it is afraid of losing its chip unit

[C] the condition raised by Perry is unreasonable

[D] it regards its chip unit as an inseparable part

5. NEC公司拒绝Perry Capital的收购，是因为 _____。

[A] Perry的出价不理想

[B] 它担心失去芯片公司

[C] Perry提出的条件不合理

[D] 它将芯片部门看作自己不可分割的一部分

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆

分析：推理题。文章最后一段是对上文的总结，说这种做法或拒绝这样做可以检验日本是否愿意采取这种理性的策略，日本的电子业巨头习惯了多样化经营的模式，他们认为失去一个子公司或业务部门就好像失去了自己身体的一部分，因此不愿意这样做，即使明白这样有利于公司长远的发展。由此可以推断，NEC这样做是因为把芯片部门看作自己不可分割的一部分，因此，选项D最为符合题意。





参考译文


半导体的主要成分为硅，但也可以是黄铁矿，黄铁矿也被称作“傻瓜的金子”，因为大家都知道，总是依靠芯片赚钱是非常难的。周期性的需求意味着利润是不稳定的，新型芯片很快就会成为平价商品。同时，这也是一个资金高度密集型的产业，新建一个加工厂需要投资30至50亿美元，而且每隔几年，随着技术进步，就需要增添新设备。

因此，许多西方科技公司，如飞利浦、惠普、摩托罗拉和西门子在很早以前就把芯片制造部门分离出来，而专注于制造终端产品而非里面的芯片。日本大型的电子集团以前强烈抵制这种“轻制造”的策略，但现在它们的态度似乎也发生了变化，尽管还不一定会全面放开。

10月18日，索尼称要将其信息处理芯片部门并入与东芝成立的一家合资企业中，而东芝也购买了索尼的芯片制造设备。由此，索尼不再需要向芯片技术投入大量资金，且仍然不用担心其第三游戏站游戏控制台和其他产品处理器的供应。其芯片分部去年损失了100亿日元（合9000万美元），同时，公司也将非核心业务都分割了出去。上个月，索尼创立了金融服务公司，筹集了近30亿美元。而世界最大的芯片制造商之一的东芝公司也将获得规模效应。

另外一家日本电子公司三洋也希望效法索尼。但是它以近10亿美元的开价将其半导体部门卖给私立基金公司Advantage Partners的计划于10月16日失败了。三洋目前由一些投资者控股，包括高盛公司，他们正努力削减三洋的规模，以便使其专注于太阳能板和电池行业，从而让勉强经营的三洋可以重新振作起来。但是提供资金收购三洋芯片部门的银行却因价格问题以及Advantage想要保留目前的管理权等因素而停了手。而后三洋宣布将保留该部门，这使得公司的股价直线下降。

同时，NEC公司于2002年将其芯片业务转为一个独立的公开上市的子公司，即NEC电子。纽约的一家基金公司Perry Capital愿意支付13亿美元，将自己在NEC的股份从大约5%提高到30%，条件是NEC放弃对芯片制造部门董事会的控制，但遭到NEC的拒绝。（若成功，会使股价比过去三个月的平均股价高出60%。）现在Perry正悄悄地试图说服其他股东，收购会带来利益。

总的说来，通过这种行为（和无行为）可以看出日本电子公司的经理是否愿意采取这种合乎理性却不合乎心意的决定。分离还是有必要的，因为太多的公司都在以很小的规模做同一件事情，给新的工厂投资也会拖累公司的主营业务。但是在日本，公司的荣誉往往会战胜经济逻辑。电子巨头们习惯于业务多样化和上下结合：他们觉得卖掉分公司就好像是被斩掉了一条胳膊。不过，一些人发现，现在也有必要来一台“手术”。





TEXT FOUR


The inventor of Sherlock Holmes was the most commercially successful author of his time. Arthur Conan Doyle was a phenomenon: practising doctor, war correspondent, businessman, politician and a campaigner for legal and colonial reforms as well as a popular novelist.

But he considered his fiction undervalued. Though he was known worldwide as the author of the Holmes stories and even sometimes addressed as Mr. Sherlock Holmes, Doyle regarded himself as primarily a writer of uplifting historical fiction, usually with a medieval background. At first he considered Sherlock Holmes a pleasant diversion that filled a gap in his income. Eventually he came to think of the detective as an irksome burden: “He keeps me from higher things,” he wrote.

The Sherlock Holmes stories continue to exercise extraordinary power. The writing is never more than efficient but the setting remains perennial: the comfortable, carpeted, fire-lit Baker Street sitting room shared by Holmes and Watson, the paradoxically womblike world of a Victorian bachelor set above an anarchic underworld full of violence and immorality. Doyle's literary masterstroke was dividing the story between Holmes and Watson. It was a device the writer used frequently but never as effectively as here.

Doyle's true theme was division: between order and anarchy, reason and emotion, the material and the spiritual. He himself was a man divided, as two new biographical books make clear. The very picture of an upright Victorian gentleman, Doyle was not averse to fighting in the street when the mood took him. And in his late 30s, at the height of his fame, he ran a double life, conducting a largely secret affair with the woman who eventually became his second wife, while his first was gradually succumbing to tuberculosis.

Much of this is revealed in detail in Andrew Lycett's biography and in a selection of Doyle's letters edited by the present executor of the Doyle estate. The story behind the publication of these two books might make a Doylesque thriller in itself. Mr. Lycett and the Doyle estate executor vied to gain control of newly discovered material, each trying to get to market first. Mr. Lycett's book is a serious piece of work from an experienced professional biographer. If he never quite gets fully to grips with Doyle's elusive personality, the author is particularly good on the intellectual background to Doyle's work, both known and forgotten. The biography is hobbled by the Doyle estate's refusal to permit quotation from numerous documents. But Mr. Lycett makes the best of what he has and fills the gaps with insight.

The selected letters by contrast are strictly an enthusiast's book. The editors' comments are a bit haphazard and it is poorly presented. On the other hand, it does convey an almost physical presence of the author, with his strange mixture of kindness and carelessness, overbearing self-confidence and depressive self-doubt. Above all there is the impression of a man driven by internal forces. Since boyhood Doyle had been struggling with the consequences of his rationalist rejection of Catholicism and his growing conviction that there must be some kind of reality beyond the scientific. This was a division that in the end he could not manage. By the close of his life he was spending his diminishing energies defending not only the world of spiritualism but also the outermost fraudulent fringes of supernatural belief. It was a sorry ending.

1. Conan Doyle regarded Holmes as a burden because _____.

[A] he considered his fiction was of high level but was generally undervalued

[B] he wrote the Holmes stories at the beginning for fun but later merely for the large income

[C] the Holmes stories hindered him from writing historical fictions

[D] the Holmes stories earned him the international fame as well as pressure

2. The word “averse” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means _____.

[A] adverse

[B] against

[C] opposite

[D] converse

3. In Andrew Lycett's biography, Doyle is most probably described as _____.

[A] a reasonable gentleman

[B] a man with doubtful life style

[C] one with divided psychological identities

[D] a man of integrity and enthusiasm

4. Doyle's divided personality was a result of _____.

[A] his own creation of the two opposite characters, Holmes and Watson

[B] his paradoxical views on religion and science in boyhood

[C] his confusion on reality and fiction all through his life driven by internal forces

[D] his devotion to the world of spiritualism and his involvement in the secular world

5. Doyle estate executor refused to permit Mr. Lycett to quote from documents because _____.

[A] he was concerned with the protection of Doyle's privacy

[B] Mr. Lycett was not the ideal biographer of Doyle

[C] there was a kind of competition between the two parties in the publication of Doyle's biography

[D] he was unsatisfied with Mr. Lycett's work which turns Doyle's life into a thriller story





文章剖析


这篇文章介绍了福尔摩斯故事的作者Arthur Conan Doyle的一些情况。第一段讲述Doyle因福尔摩斯而闻名；第二段讲述Doyle对于福尔摩斯故事的看法；第三段讲述福尔摩斯故事的特点；第四段讲述福尔摩斯故事的主题和作者的性格有关；第五段和第六段讲述两本不同的传记刻画出两个不同性格的Doyle。





词汇注释


perennial adj. 永久的

womblike adj. 像子宫似的

masterstroke n. 妙举

get to grips with 认真处理

fraudulent adj. 欺骗性的





难句突破


① And in his late 30s, at the height of his fame, he ran a double life, conducting a largely secret affair with the woman who eventually became his second wife, while his first was gradually succumbing to tuberculosis.

主体句式：..., he ran a double life, ...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，前面的in his late 30s是句子的状语；at the height of his fame是修饰late 30s的；后面的现在分词结构conducting... 是句子的伴随状语；while引导的状语从句作该句伴随状语的时间状语。

句子译文：他将近40岁时负有盛名，却过着双重生活，他与一位女士有着秘密的交往，这位女士以后成为了他的第二任妻子，但他的发妻却最终因肺结核而去世。

② If he never quite gets fully to grips with Doyle's elusive personality, the author is particularly good on the intellectual background to Doyle's work, both known and forgotten.

主体句式：If..., the author is...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，带有条件状语从句；后面的both known and forgotten修饰前面的work。

句子译文：他总是爱刨根问底地弄明白Doyle难以捉摸的个性，而且他也熟知Doyle作品的学术背景，不论是大家知道的还是遗忘的方面。





题目分析


1. Conan Doyle regarded Holmes as a burden because _____.

[A] he considered his fiction was of high level but was generally undervalued

[B] he wrote the Holmes stories at the beginning for fun but later merely for the large income

[C] the Holmes stories hindered him from writing historical fictions

[D] the Holmes stories earned him the international fame as well as pressure

1. Conan Doyle认为福尔摩斯是一个累赘，这是因为 _____。

[A] 他认为他的小说价值很高但是却普遍被低估了

[B] 他写福尔摩斯故事一开始是因为好玩，后来只是为了可以赚很多钱

[C] 福尔摩斯故事妨碍他撰写一些历史小说

[D] 福尔摩斯故事给他带来国际声誉，也带来了压力

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。第二段提到，Doyle认为福尔摩斯是个累赘，他说“他让我没法做更高雅的事情”。那么他所说的高雅的事情是什么呢？根据上文，他认为自己首先是一个高雅的历史小说家，结果却因为福尔摩斯的故事使得他必须一直写这方面的作品，而没有精力从事其他写作。因此，选项C最为符合。A不是题干的原因，是错误选项。选项B，文章提到了写福尔摩斯故事可以给他增加收入，但是没有提到他为了赚钱而写福尔摩斯故事。选项D也是错误的，因为他并没有感到压力。

2. The word “averse” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means _____.

[A] adverse

[B] against

[C] opposite

[D] converse

2. averse这个词（第四段第三行） 最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 不利的

[B] 反对的

[C] （方向）相反的

[D] （位置）颠倒的

答案：B　难度系数：☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，本段主要说的是Doyle是个比较矛盾的人，具有双重性格，那么本词所在句的前半句说的是他看起来是个绅士，后半句就应该是和这个相反的情况——按理说这么个绅士不会在街上打架，但是情况相反，如果情绪上来也可能会这样做。因此，选项B符合题意。

3. In Andrew Lycett's biography, Doyle is most probably described as _____.

[A] a reasonable gentleman

[B] a man with doubtful life style

[C] one with divided psychological identities

[D] a man of integrity and enthusiasm

3. 在Andrew Lycett的传记中，Doyle最有可能被描述为 _____。

[A] 一个理智的绅士

[B] 一个生活方式令人怀疑的人

[C] 一个心理分裂的人

[D] 一个正直而且充满热情的人

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第五段提到，从两本新的传记也可以看出来Doyle是个自相矛盾的人，这两本传记一本是Andrew Lycett写的，一本为其遗产执行人编写的书信集；最后一段第一句说：“相反，选出的书信看起来却是出自一位热情洋溢的人之手。”那么可以推断，Lycett展现的人物形象与之相反，应该是个比较理智的人。因此，选项A是正确答案。

4. Doyle's divided personality was a result of _____.

[A] his own creation of the two opposite characters, Holmes and Watson

[B] his paradoxical views on religion and science in boyhood

[C] his confusion on reality and fiction all through his life driven by internal forces

[D] his devotion to the world of spiritualism and his involvement in the secular world

4. Doyle分裂的性格源于 _____。

[A] 他创造了两个性格相反的人，即福尔摩斯和华生

[B] 他在少年时代对宗教和科学的矛盾看法

[C] 他一生中由于内心力量的趋使而混淆了现实与虚拟世界

[D] 他沉溺于精神世界，又完全生活在世俗世界中

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章描述了Doyle的双重性格，最后一段提到：Since boyhood Doyle had been struggling with the consequences of his rationalist rejection of Catholicism and his growing conviction that there must be some kind of reality beyond the scientific. This was a division that in the end he could not manage. 也就是说，他在少年时代，一方面理智让他拒绝了信仰天主教，但是另一方面他又觉得科学之外有别的东西存在，他就在这种矛盾中挣扎，一直没有找到答案。可以推断，可能就是因为这一点他才会有这种分裂的性格。因此，选项B符合题意。选项A只是这种性格的体现而已，并不是原因。

5. Doyle estate executor refused to permit Mr. Lycett to quote from documents because _____.

[A] he was concerned with the protection of Doyle's privacy

[B] Mr. Lycett was not the ideal biographer of Doyle

[C] there was a kind of competition between the two parties in the publication of Doyle's biography

[D] he was unsatisfied with Mr. Lycett's work which turns Doyle's life into a thriller story

5. Doyle的财产执行人不让Lycett先生引用文件，是因为 _____。

[A] 他想要保护Doyle的隐私

[B] Lycett先生不是撰写Doyle传记的理想人选

[C] 双方都在为出版Doyle的传记而竞争

[D] 他对于Lycett先生把Doyle的生活写成一部恐怖小说感到不满

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第五段提到，Doyle的遗产执行人和Lycett先生都想占有新发现的资料，好最先出版自己的书。后来就提到他不允许Lycett先生引用资料。由此可以看出，该执行人最终拥有了这些资料，他想作为独家资料来发表。显然只有选项C最为符合题意，而其他几个选项都是干扰选项。





参考译文


夏洛克·福尔摩斯的创造者可能是他那个时代在商业意义上最成功的作家。Arthur Conan Doyle是一个非凡的人物：实习医生、战地记者、商人、政治家、法律和殖民地改革的推行者，还是受人喜爱的小说家。

但是Doyle认为他的小说的价值被低估了。尽管全世界都知道他是福尔摩斯故事的作者，甚至有时候人们就把他叫做福尔摩斯先生，Doyle还是首先把他自己看作高雅的历史小说作家，小说一般还是以中世纪为背景的。一开始他认为写福尔摩斯是一种消遣，可以给他增加点收入，到后来他认为这个侦探成了讨厌的负担。“他让我没法做更高雅的事情。”他这样写道。

福尔摩斯的故事一直有着非凡的魔力。文笔本身并不是很出色，但是故事的场景却是永久的：福尔摩斯和华生共享贝克街铺着地毯、烧着壁炉的舒适的起居室；一个维多利亚时代的单身汉那荒谬的封闭的世界凌驾于充满暴力和不道德现象的混乱的世界。Doyle的妙笔就是把故事分为福尔摩斯和华生两条叙述线索。虽然这个手法经常为Doyle所使用，但他在这里运用得最为成功。

Doyle所写的真正的主题是分裂：秩序和混乱，理智与情感，物质与精神。他自己本人也是分裂的，从关于他的两本新传记中就可以看出这一点。虽然他被描述为一位正直的维多利亚时代的绅士，但如果情绪激动起来，Doyle也会在街头打架。他将近40岁时负有盛名，却过着双重生活，他与一位女士有着秘密的交往，这位女士以后成为了他的第二任妻子，但他的发妻却最终因肺结核而去世。