参考译文


人们都很想知道，不同的食物或营养物质是否会影响到我们患癌症等疾病的几率，或引发导致这些疾病的危险因素，如肥胖或高血压。但是要进行饮食变化的研究有太多的障碍，这就是我们为什么不能轻松而确切地告诉人们什么食物是最健康的。这也就是为什么人们经常会被报纸头条弄得一头雾水：咖啡有利还是有害健康？酒、大蒜和巧克力呢？

本周的《美国医学协会期刊》上刊登了一篇报道，称在患乳腺癌而后康复的女性中，每天吃大量蔬菜和水果的人的癌症复发率并不比坚持接受每天五顿饭建议的人更低。那么这是不是就意味着蔬菜和水果不能防癌呢？是的，对患有乳腺癌的女性来说，额外的绿色蔬菜和苹果无济于事。

我们会问研究者，为什么食物变化的研究这么难做呢？消费者应该怎样看待媒体上的各种评价？专家是这样回答的：

大多数的饮食研究是在现实生活中进行的，这就意味着研究主体只是每天记录下自己所吃的食物，而不是由别人严格控制其饮食。你可以给他们一些用餐建议，告诉他们应该吃些什么，但是这一天里，他们往自己嘴里究竟塞了些什么东西就由不得别人了。让人们往食物里加上点什么——如夹在美味的三明治里面的大蒜，或是黑巧克力——要比让他们把这些食物拿走容易得多。最近的一项比较低脂和低碳食物的研究表明，到最后几乎没有人坚持这种食谱，这就不足为奇了。

关于饮食的研究，包括最近对于乳腺癌复发的研究中，按照报告的卡路里摄入量，这本可以使他们的体重下降得更多。这种误报不一定是恶意的，但是确实有各种不精确的因素。比如，你某天打电话汇报自己每天吃的东西，而那天正好是一个人的生日，你吃了一块蛋糕。但你可能不会提到这块蛋糕，觉得正常情况下你是不会吃蛋糕的。同样，你忘记了昨天吃过的“特殊事件”比萨，前天吃的Big Gulp。或者是尽管你吃了很多，但你却说自己从熟食店买的百吉饼只有标准的4盎司，而实际上这十年以来，已经没有任何一个大城市还在出售4盎司的百吉饼了。

“你不可能在每个人的肚子里都安装一台照相机，看看他们到底吃了什么。”斯坦福预防研究中心的营养师Christopher Gardner说，他刚刚发表了关于大蒜和饮食计划的研究。在一些研究中，你可以采用客观的方法来避免以上情况发生。比如，在检测人们蔬菜和水果的摄入量时，可以测量人们血液中的一种叫做类胡萝卜素的色素水平。而在乳腺癌研究中，血液检测表明，受试者确实吃了更多的水果和蔬菜（一年后，接受测试的女性体内的类胡萝卜素浓度高了73%，四年后提高了43%）。但是客观的方法不能确定人们是否摄入了一定比例的营养。





TEXT FOUR


Citigroup's board was locked in debate over its new leader yesterday, with no clear consensus over who would be tapped. Vikram S. Pandit, the former Morgan Stanley investment banker who joined Citigroup in July, remains the leading candidate, according to people briefed on the situation. But the search committee is still discussing other possibilities, depending on whether or not Robert E. Rubin would agree to stay on as chairman. No final decisions have been made, and not all of the directors have been persuaded that Mr. Pandit is the right choice.

The formal search for Citigroup's next chief executive began more than a month ago, after Charles O. Prince III resigned. But as its complexities mount, the search is beginning to resemble a game of multilevel chess. Citigroup's board is weighing the pros and cons of various leadership options, including the question of whether Mr. Pandit, 50, has enough operating experience to be its next chief. No one doubts his intellect, but some are concerned that he may not bring enough charisma or consumer banking knowledge to the job.

Mr. Rubin has lobbied hard for Mr. Pandit, but other board members are less convinced. If Citigroup's board chooses Mr. Pandit, the directors recognize that he will need a strong chairman to help him make the leap to his new job. That would mean persuading Mr. Rubin, who took on the chairman role only reluctantly last month, to stay on longer—or recruiting another seasoned leader for that job.

Robert B. Willumstad, Citigroup's former operations chief, might be one contender for the chairman role. He understands the internal workings of the financial empire and brings some consumer banking experience. Yet it was unclear whether he would accept being chairman without being named chief executive as well. Mr. Willumstad, 62, is currently the chairman of the American International Group (A.I.G.) and the head of Brysam Global Partners, a private equity firm backed by JPMorgan Chase. Leaving A.I.G. would be no real hardship. Extricating himself from Brysam would require some negotiation, although Mr. Willumstad's contract with JPMorgan does allow for his departure. But associates say that Mr. Willumstad, who left Citigroup in July 2005 after being passed over in favor of Mr. Prince, seems to be enjoying the cushy confines of private equity. Negotiating his return to Citigroup might require handing him the top job.

If Mr. Pandit does not get the job, there is growing concern that he will leave the company to save face. News reports have all but anointed him as Citigroup's next leader. Deciding on someone else would leave Citigroup's board in a double bind. Not only did they pay an estimated $800 million for an underperforming hedge fund to bring Mr. Pandit to Citigroup, but if he leaves they might also lose the best person to run its investment bank.

Citigroup's board could also choose an outside candidate, who could bring a fresh perspective to the beleaguered bank. Several names have surfaced, including Michael A. Neal, the vice chairman of General Electric Capital's big commercial arm. Experts suggest that any outsider would need six months to a year to get up to speed on Citigroup's sprawling operations and contentious politics. Between the current market turbulence and the growing frustration of investors, some doubt that the company can afford to give an outside candidate that much time.

1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the candidates of Citigroup's new leader?

[A] Vikram S. Pandit is the candidate who has won the trust of the majority of the search committee.

[B] Robert B. Willumstad will be the most competitive rival of Vikram S. Pandit.

[C] Michael A. Neal is also considered a powerful rival of Vikram S. Pandit.

[D] Robert B. Willumstad will only return to Citigroup when he is given the highest position.

2. The search for Citigroup's next chief executive is compared to a game of multilevel chess because _____.

[A] the search becomes very complex in the end

[B] the search involves in different levels of the board

[C] Citigroup's board weighs the pros and cons of various leadership options

[D] the search is conducted in several rounds of selection

3. Robert B. Willumstad left Citigroup in July 2005 probably because _____.

[A] he enjoyed the free environment of Brysam Global Partners

[B] he resented the unequal competition with Mr. Prince by the Citigroup board

[C] his lacked adequate strength in standing out of Citigroup's contentious politics

[D] he was defeated in the competition for the Citigroup leader

4. The possible results of Mr. Pandit's resignation if he loses this election are the following ones except _____.

[A] Citigroup will have to pay a big sum to get Mr. Pandit back

[B] Citigroup will suffer double losses

[C] Citigroup will lose its potential best investment banker

[D] Citigroup will play loose with its money

5. According to the last paragraph, an outsider will not probably be an ideal candidate because _____.

[A] an outsider is not familiar with the internal workings of Citigroup

[B] an outsider could not be adapted to the complex environment of the Citigroup's board

[C] Citigroup has a deadline of making the final decision of the search

[D] the present economic situation will not allow Citigroup to give much time to an outsider to make himself qualified





文章剖析


这篇文章讲述了花旗银行董事会新领导人选拔的过程中存在的问题。第一段讲述花旗银行董事会目前的选拔陷入僵局；第二段和第三段讲述大家对候选人Pandit先生的看法；第四段讲述另一候选人Robert B. Willumstad的情况；第五段讲述目前公司面临的尴尬境遇；第六段讲述如果在公司外部选拔也存在一定问题。





词汇注释


charisma n. 感召力

cushy adj. 轻松的，舒适的

anoint vt. 选定，指定

beleaguered adj. 被烦扰的，被缠住的

sprawl vi. 蔓延

contentious adj. 有争议的





难句突破


① Vikram S. Pandit, the former Morgan Stanley investment banker who joined Citigroup in July, remains the leading candidate, according to people briefed on the situation.

主体句式：Vikram S. Pandit, ... remains the leading candidate, ...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，who引导的定语从句用来修饰banker；而the former...作主语的同位语；according to是句子的状语。

句子译文：Vikram S. Pandit是前摩根斯坦利的投资银行家，他于7月份加入花旗银行，据与会人员表示，他仍然是头号候选人。

② Citigroup's board is weighing the pros and cons of various leadership options, including the question of whether Mr. Pandit, 50, has enough operating experience to be its next chief.

主体句式：Citigroup's board is weighing the pros and cons...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，including...是现在分词结构，作opinions的定语；whether...是of的宾语从句。

句子译文：花旗银行的董事会衡量了各个领导层的反对和支持意见，包括现年50岁的Pandit先生是否有足够的经验可以担任下一届的领导人。





题目分析


1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the candidates of Citigroup's new leader?

[A] Vikram S. Pandit is the candidate who has won the trust of the majority of the search committee.

[B] Robert B. Willumstad will be the most competitive rival of Vikram S. Pandit.

[C] Michael A. Neal is also considered a powerful rival of Vikram S. Pandit.

[D] Robert B. Willumstad will only return to Citigroup when he is given the highest position.

1. 关于花旗银行的新领导候选人，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

[A] Vikram S. Pandit获得了遴选委员会大部分成员的信任。

[B] Robert B. Willumstad是Vikram S. Pandit最有力的竞争对手。

[C] Michael A. Neal也被视为Vikram S. Pandit的一个有力的竞争对手。

[D] Robert B. Willumstad只有在得到最高职位的时候才会回到花旗银行。

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆

分析：细节题。选项A，第一段提到了他们还在讨论别的人选，由此可以看出，该委员会并不是大部分成员都愿意选他的。选项B，第四段提到：Robert B. Willumstad, Citigroup's former operations chief, might be one contender for the chairman role. 再从后文可以看出他是Vikram S. Pandit强有力的对手。选项C，从最后一段提到的内容可以看出，选一个公司外的人并不大可能，因此该陈述错误。选项D，第四段提到了这一点，即：Negotiating his return to Citigroup might require handing him the top job. 但是文章中用了might这个词，而选项的表述则过于绝对，因此该选项不正确。因此，正确答案为B。

2. The search for Citigroup's next chief executive is compared to a game of multilevel chess because _____.

[A] the search becomes very complex in the end

[B] the search involves in different levels of the board

[C] Citigroup's board weighs the pros and cons of various leadership options

[D] the search is conducted in several rounds of selection

2. 把选拔花旗银行的下任首席执行官比喻成多级别的国际象棋比赛，这是因为 _____。

[A] 选拨到最后变得非常复杂

[B] 选拔涉及董事会的各个阶层

[C] 花旗银行的董事会衡量了各个领导层的反对和支持意见

[D] 选拔要进行好多轮次

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第二段：But as its complexities mount, the search is beginning to resemble a game of multilevel chess. 即由于情况变得越来越复杂，选拔也变得好像多级别的国际象棋比赛了，由此可以看出，这样的比喻也只是突出事情的复杂性而已。因此，答案为A。

3. Robert B. Willumstad left Citigroup in July 2005 probably because _____.

[A] he enjoyed the free environment of Brysam Global Partners

[B] he resented the unequal competition with Mr. Prince by the Citigroup board

[C] his lacked adequate strength in standing out of Citigroup's contentious politics

[D] he was defeated in the competition for the Citigroup leader

3. Robert B. Willumstad于2005年7月离开了花旗银行，可能是因为 _____。

[A] 他喜欢Brysam全球合作伙伴公司轻松的氛围

[B] 他怨恨花旗银行的董事会没有公平地对待他和Prince先生

[C] 他没有适当的能力在花旗银行复杂的政治斗争中脱颖而出

[D] 他在花旗银行领导人的竞争中被击败了

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第四段：But associates say that Mr. Willumstad, who left Citigroup in July 2005 after being passed over in favor of Mr. Prince, seems to be enjoying the cushy confines of private equity. 即Willumstad先生是在花旗银行选择了Prince先生而没有考虑他的情况下，于2005年7月份离开的，而结合Prince是前任领导可以推断出，Willumstad先生是因为竞争失败了才离开公司的。因此，选项D为正确答案。

4. The possible results of Mr. Pandit's resignation if he loses this election are the following ones except _____.

[A] Citigroup will have to pay a big sum to get Mr. Pandit back

[B] Citigroup will suffer double loss

[C] Citigroup will lose its potential best investment banker

[D] Citigroup will play loose with its money

4. 如果Pandit先生没有当选，那么他可能会辞职，辞职可能带来的后果是以下除了 _____ 外的选项。

[A] 花旗银行可能得向Pandit先生支付一大笔钱才能让他重新回来

[B] 花旗银行会遭受双重损失

[C] 花旗银行会失去可能的最好的投资银行家

[D] 花旗银行的钱打了水漂

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第五段，Pandit先生如果辞职就会让董事会遭受两重打击，一方面，他们已经向一家运营不佳的保值基金支付了大约8亿美金将Pandit先生挖过来，另一方面，他们将失去运营投资银行的最佳人选。因此，选项B、C和D都是可能的后果，而选项A不是，因此是正确答案。

5. According to the last paragraph, an outsider will not probably be an ideal candidate because _____.

[A] an outsider is not familiar with the internal workings of Citigroup

[B] an outsider could not be adapted to the complex environment of the Citigroup's board

[C] Citigroup has a deadline of making the final decision of the search

[D] the present economic situation will not allow Citigroup to give much time to an outsider to make himself qualified

5. 根据最后一段，公司外的人员不可能是理想人选，因为 _____。

[A] 公司外的人员对花旗银行内部的运营情况不熟悉

[B] 公司外的人员不能适应花旗银行董事会复杂的氛围

[C] 花旗银行选定领导人有限定的日期

[D] 目前的经济形势不允许花旗银行给公司外的人员足够的时间来达到称职

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。最后一段提到了Experts suggest that any outsider would need six months to a year to get up to speed on Citigroup's sprawling operations and contentious politics. Between the current market turbulence and the growing frustration of investors, some doubt that the company can afford to give an outside candidate that much time. 即任何一个外来人员都需要六个月到一年的时间来熟悉状况，但是目前经济形势不好，投资者很焦急，不可能给外来的人员那么多适应的时间。因此，答案为D。





参考译文


昨天，花旗银行的董事会讨论其新任领导人的问题，但讨论陷入僵局，对于人选没有清晰而统一的意见。Vikram S. Pandit是前摩根斯坦利的投资银行家，他于7月份加入花旗银行，据与会人员表示，他仍然是头号候选人。但是遴选委员会还在讨论其他人选，这主要取决于Robert E. Rubin是否同意继续担任主席一段时间。现在尚未最后决定，而且并不是所有的董事都认为Pandit先生是最佳人选。

一个月前Charles O. Prince III辞职后，选拔花旗银行新任领导人的工作就开始了。但是由于情况变得越来越复杂，选拔也变得好像多级别的国际象棋比赛了。花旗银行的董事会衡量了各个领导层的反对和支持意见，包括现年50岁的Pandit先生是否有足够的经验可以担任下一届的领导人。对于他的睿智没有人怀疑，但是有人担心，他的个人号召力不够或没有足够的消费者银行知识，因此不能胜任这份工作。

Rubin先生努力为Pandit先生四处游说，但是其他董事会成员却不太相信他的话。如果花旗银行的董事会选择了Pandit先生，那么董事认为他需要有一位强有力的主席来帮助他顺利地接受新的工作。那也就意味着，要说服Rubin先生在这个位置上呆更长一段时间，而他上个月才勉强接受了主席一职，或者就得另外聘请一位有经验的领导人来担任此职。

Robert B. Willumstad是花旗银行的前任首席运营官，也是主席职位可能的人选。他了解这个金融帝国的内部运作情况，也具有一些个人银行经验。但是还不能确定，他是否愿意在不被任命为首席执行官的情况下接受主席一职。Willumstad先生今年62岁，现任美国国际集团主席和JPMorgan Chase资助的私募基金公司Brysam全球合作伙伴公司的经理。离开美国国际集团可能不会很难，但是让他从Brysam脱身则需要一些斡旋，尽管Willumstad先生与JPMorgan签订的合同允许他离开。但是会员们称，Willumstad先生是在花旗银行选择了Prince先生而没有考虑他的情况下，于2005年7月份离开的，他好像很喜欢私募基金轻松的环境。要让他回到花旗银行，可能就得把最高职位给他。

如果Pandit先生不能当选，那么他非常有可能要离开公司以挽回自己的面子。新闻报道称，已经指定他为花旗银行的下任领导人了。选择其他人会让花旗银行的董事会处于双重打击。他们不仅向一家运营情况不佳的保值基金支付了大约8亿美金将Pandit先生挖过来，而且如果Pandit先生离开公司，那么公司将失去运营其投资银行的最佳人选。

花旗银行的董事会也可以在外部选取一个候选人，从而能给这家麻烦缠身的银行带来新气象。已经圈定了几个这类的候选人，如通用电气资金的商业分部部长Michael A. Neal。专家认为，任何一个外来人员都可能需要六个月到一年的时间，才能与花旗银行不断扩张的业务以及复杂的政治氛围合上拍。但现在一边是市场动荡，一边是投资者不断的失败，因此一些人怀疑，公司是否能给一个外部的候选人那么多的适应时间。