对于写肯布尔传记的作者们来说，真正的竞争来自肯布尔本人。就像她的朋友亨利·詹姆斯说的那样：“在两个半球，她见过所有人，知道所有人。”不仅如此，她还把这些生动的经历写进了自己的回忆录里，足足有好几卷。回忆录的内容包括人物、评论、社论、轶事、风景、政见和壮观的场景等：比如布鲁内尔的泰晤士隧道挖掘场景。

肯布尔的回忆录，尤其是《乔治亚庄园的生活日记》，不仅引人入胜，而且具有重要历史意义。但是，现在吸引我们的是聪明且勇往直前的肯布尔冲破世俗的方式，或者说她如何改变和推翻性别政治强加给她的角色。肯布尔从来都不在乎这些所谓的规定。她怎么想就怎么说，如果天气太热的话，穿着衣服走到小溪里去也无所谓。直到结婚以后，她的性别才与权力和金钱这些现实发生抵触。尽管她从没想过登上这一舞台，但是父亲的破产迫使她不得不去试试运气。一夜之间，她成为了伦敦街头巷尾谈的话题。金钱滚滚而来，而美国之行让她得到了更多。在美国，她邂逅了极富魅力的年轻人皮尔斯·巴特勒——佐治亚盛产大米和棉花的大型奴隶庄园的继承人。肯布尔想逃离肤浅的戏剧情感主义，想有个平等的知心人陪伴自己，于是她在一定程度上忘记了奴隶制，嫁给了他。

一时的冲动让她失去了所有。巴特勒有着根深蒂固的传统观念，并滥用自己作为丈夫的权力。他拿走肯布尔的钱，审查她的作品，在她对奴隶制感到震惊时，禁止她公开表示反对。她哭了，离开了这个家，可又回来了。孩子的出生进一步束缚了她，但她却没有合法权利拥有孩子。

肯布尔彻底不屈不挠地度过了后半生。她最终与巴特勒离婚，也失去了孩子们，但她重新获得了大部分孩子的抚养权。她又开始赚钱了：她不停往返于大西洋两边，给人山人海的观众们分发各种莎士比亚读物。每年夏天，她都要去爬阿尔卑斯山，走到哪都大声唱歌，甚至还吓到了导游。在1872年，她遇到了詹姆斯。他为她的魅力所折服，为她高傲的理想主义、前所未见的诚实着迷，最重要的还是对她的“旧伦敦”的描述。他写道：“她修复了旧画室，重新点燃了古老的灯，给旧钢琴重新调了音律。”当她去世时，他说自己觉得“像是某种统治结束了，一个帝国覆灭了。”





Unit 19


Lately DreamWorks SKG has been a wandering tribe．The would-be studio，which made films such as“American Beauty” and“War of the Worlds”，sold itself to Paramount in 2005．When that arrangement fell apart it found new partners in Reliance Big Entertainment，a Bollywood outfit，and Universal Studios．Then it fell out with Universal．So it was rather a surprise when，on February 9th，DreamWorks abruptly found itself in the promised land．Disney，the world's foremost purveyor of wholesome entertainment，lent it money and agreed to market and distribute its films.

It is a good illustration of how the economic downturn is affecting Hollywood．Until recently executives were boasting that the film business was resistant，perhaps even immune，to recession．The number of cinema tickets sold actually increased during three out of the past four recessions．Box-office receipts so far this year are higher than last year．Admittedly，the share prices of media companies have tumbled—but that is because of the collapse in television and print advertising，and has little to do with Tinseltown.

Yet the downturn has profoundly affected the art of dealmaking．Although the breakdown of negotiations between DreamWorks and Universal has been followed by a storm of recriminations，the heart of the problem was that DreamWorks was finding it unexpectedly hard to raise debt．It is hardly alone in that．Two years ago investors were lubricating all sorts of strange alliances and start-ups—Tom Cruise wants to resurrect United Artists? Why not? But now the outside money has all but disappeared．The big studios，the primacy of which was never exactly threatened during the boom years，are now almost the only game in town．

The alliance with DreamWorks is something of an about-turn for Disney．Under Bob Iger，who took over as chief executive in 2005，Disney has culled films that are a less than perfect fit for its family-friendly brand and has concentrated on turning those that are into amusement-park rides，lunch boxes and other spin-offs. This week's deal will add as many as six films a year to Disney's pipeline，swelling it by about half．The surge will not happen at once，however: DreamWorks will have to raise more money before it is capable of producing that many．

These days DreamWorks is largely Steven Spielberg's outfit．Jeffrey Katzenberg （the“K” in SKG）runs DreamWorks Animation，a separate，publicly owned company．David Geffen （the“G”）has retired from the studio．The remaining founder spoke warmly of Disney this week，calling it the“birthplace of imagination”．He is said to be looking forward to making more family films．Perhaps，but he still looks a little out of place in the magic kingdom．

Mr．Spielberg became America's best-known，and perhaps best，film director by fusing blockbuster spectacle with an unflinching take on family life．The households even in his PG-rated films are almost uniformly dysfunctional．Think of Richard Dreyfuss flinging plants through the window in“Close Encounters of the Third Kind”，Frances O’Connor abandoning her adopted robot son by the roadside in“A.I.” or the defeated，self-deluding Christopher Walken in“Catch Me If You Can”．It is hard to imagine any of them donning Mickey Mouse ears.


注（1）：本文选自Economist；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2004年真题Text 4。



1．Why is DreamWorks SKG described at the beginning of the article as a wandering tribe?

A) Because it has recently made some movies about different ancient tribes.

B) Because it has recently moved from Hollywood to Bollywood for development.

C) Because it lately has seen many ups and downs when cooperating with peer companies.

D) Because it eventually reached its promised land of partnership with Disneyland.

2．According to the text，which is the influence of economic downturn on Hollywood's entertainment business?

A) Companies’ operation and other business activities are profoundly affected.

B) Hollywood provides the services that are resistant to economic crisis.

C) The recession has promoted the movie industry as more people watch movies.

D) Most movie companies are sunk in debt crisis because of the economic recession.

3．Bob Iger's strategy for Disneyland centers on ______.

A) adding more movies to the company's pipeline

B) switching from movie-making to amusement park

C) raising more money to expand the size of the company

D) further clarifying the company's brand

4．Steven Spielberg，according to the text，is said to be ______.

A) the founder of DreamWorks

B) good at combing grand scenes with details in reality

C) the best director in American movie history

D) a major advocator of family movies

5．What does the author think of the partnership between Disneyland and DreamWorks?

A) It will result in Spielberg's concentration shift onto more family movies.

B) They will add cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse to real-life movies.

C) The combination looks somewhat weird and the prospect is not cheerful.

D) The two companies will definitely find themselves incompatible with each others.





篇章剖析


本文讨论了好莱坞电影公司梦工厂的归属和前途。第一段简单介绍了梦工厂近来的沉浮，以及与迪士尼公司新近达成的合作；第二段和第三段说明了经济危机对好莱坞娱乐业的影响；第四至六段介绍了迪士尼和梦工厂的现状，初步分析了合作前景。





词汇注释


purveyor /pəˈveɪə/ n. 提供者，承办者

wholesome /ˈhəʊlsəm/ adj. 有益于身心健康的

tumble /ˈtʌmbl/ v. （价格等）暴跌；倒塌

recrimination /rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ n. 相互指责

lubricate /ˈluːbrɪkeɪt/ v. 加润滑油，行贿，收买

alliance /əˈlaɪəns/ n. 联盟，结盟

cull /kʌl/ v. 挑出，剔除

spin-off /ˈspinɒf/ n. 副产品；意外收获

pipeline /ˈpaɪplaɪn/ n. 管道，在准备中

blockbuster /ˈblɒkbʌstə/ n. 大轰动，大片

unflinching /ʌnˈflɪntʃɪŋ/ adj. 不畏缩的

dysfunctional /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl/ adj. 不正常的，机能失调的

delude /dɪˈluːd/ v. 欺骗，迷惑

don /dɒn/ v. 穿上，披上





难句突破


Under Bob Iger，who took over as chief executive in 2005，Disney has culled films that are a less than perfect fit for its family-friendly brand and has concentrated on turning those that are into amusement-park rides，lunch boxes and other spin-offs.

主体句式：Disney has culled films that..．and has concentrated on...

结构分析：本句主语为Disney，由under引导的介宾短语充当句子的状语，其中还包含了一个由who引导的定语从句来修饰under的宾语Bob Iger。主句的谓语为两个并列结构，以and 连接。并列结构的后半部分中又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句。

句子译文：自从2005年Bob Iger就任迪士尼公司总裁之后，公司就开始筛除与其面向家庭的品牌形象不符的影片，集中力量把符合要求的影片融入游乐园的骑坐设施、午餐盒和其他周边产品。





题目分析


1．C 推理题。文章第一句话指出梦工厂最近就像是一个到处流浪的部落，细读第一段就可以发现作者的意思是梦工厂近来一直归属未定，多次合作都陆续失败，因此C是最佳答案。选项A对文章首句理解错误，B的错误在于与宝莱坞合作并不意味着梦工厂搬到了宝莱坞。D虽然在文中有所提及，但与题目并不相符。

2．A 推理题。第二段指出业界人士称从过去的经验看娱乐业对经济危机有抵抗力，但B的说法太绝对，因此不正确。尽管该段还指出今年的票房很高，但在文中没有分析其原因，因此C的判断过于武断。第三段中指出经济危机曾使梦工厂陷入危机，但并没有说大多数公司都遭遇了债务危机，因此D也不正确。第三段开头指出“然而经济滑坡却已经对电影业的交易产生了深远的影响。”通过下文可以推断出，这些影响涉及公司的正常运营和各种商业活动，因此A正确。

3．D 细节题。文中第四段指出Bob Iger就任后迪士尼“就开始筛除与其面向家庭的品牌形象不符的影片，集中力量把符合要求的影片融入游乐园的骑坐设施、午餐盒和其他周边产品。”也就是说公司要进一步明确自己的品牌形象，故选D。B和C都属于无中生有。A只是与梦工厂合作的结果，并不是Bob Iger的目标。

4．B 细节题。根据文意可知，斯皮尔伯格并不是梦工厂唯一的创始人，而A选项错误地使用了定冠词the，因此不能入选。最后一段提到“斯皮尔伯格大胆拍摄家庭生活，将其与波澜壮阔的大场面相融合，成为了美国最有名的， 也许是最优秀的电影导演。”因此 B选项“大场面和现实细节的结合”很好地概括了斯皮尔伯格的风格，是正确选项。文中只说斯皮尔伯格“也许”是历史上最优秀的，因此C不正确。斯皮尔伯格拍摄了许多与家庭有关的电影，但文中没有说他是家庭电影的主要推崇者，所以D不正确。

5．C 细节题。文章最后一段说“很难想象他们戴上米老鼠的耳朵会是什么样子”，也就是说梦工厂与迪斯尼的传统电影风格并不相符，也就是说这种合作有点奇怪，前景难以预料，因此C最好地概括了这种情况。A只提到斯皮尔伯格，而且这种说法在文中也找不到依据，因此不正确。B是无中生有的选项。而D的说法过于绝对和悲观，与文中的表述不符。





参考译文



近来，梦工厂电影公司一直归属未定。这家曾制作出《美国丽人》和《世界大战》等电影的公司在2005年出售给了派拉蒙公司。与派拉蒙的合作失败后，梦工厂又与信实娱乐——一家宝莱坞大型娱乐公司——和环球影视公司结成了新的伙伴关系。但它与环球影视的合作也未能成功。因此，在2月9日，梦工厂突然发现自己“身在乐土”，令人大感惊讶：迪士尼，这个全球健康娱乐的最主要提供者出借资金给梦工厂，并同意推广和发行梦工厂的电影。

这是经济滑坡正在影响好莱坞的有力佐证。就在不久前，电影界的高层人物还在夸耀电影业能够抵御经济危机，甚至是完全不受影响。在过去的四次经济衰退中，有三次影院的售票量都增加了。到目前为止，今年的票房收入要高于去年。传媒公司的股价的确大幅下跌，但这是由于电视与平面媒体广告业务遭受重创，与好莱坞几乎毫无关系。

然而经济滑坡却已经对电影业的交易产生了深远影响。梦工厂与环球影视公司的谈判破裂引起了激烈的指责，但核心问题是梦工厂没有料到借贷资金会如此艰难。面临如此困境的远不止梦工厂一家。两年前，投资者将资金像加润滑油一样源源不断地注入各路同盟和新兴企业——汤姆·克鲁斯要重振联美公司了？为什么不呢？但现在，几乎所有的外部资金都消失了。首屈一指的大型电影制片公司在经济繁荣时期从未受到威胁，与它们合作几乎成了目前唯一的选择。

与梦工厂的合作对于迪士尼来说是一个重大转变。自从2005年鲍勃·艾格就任迪士尼公司总裁之后，公司就开始筛除与其面向家庭的品牌形象不符的影片，集中力量把符合要求的影片融入游乐园的骑坐设施、午餐盒和其他周边产品。本周的这项合同将使迪士尼的电影年产量增加6部，增长了近一半。但这一增长不会立刻实现，因为梦工厂还必须筹集更多资金才能达到这种制片规模。

近来梦工厂主要是由斯皮尔伯格掌管。杰弗里·卡森伯格（SKG中的“K”）负责独立运营上市公司梦工厂动画公司。而大卫·格芬（SKG中的“G”）已经从制片厂退休。梦工厂仅剩的创始人本周热情赞扬了迪士尼公司，称之为“想象的诞生地”。据说他还期望今后能够制作更多家庭电影。这或许能实现，但他在这个魔幻王国里依然显得有些格格不入。

斯皮尔伯格大胆拍摄家庭生活，将其与波澜壮阔的大场面相融合，成为了美国最有名的， 也许是最优秀的电影导演。即使在PG级影片中，他展现的也几乎都是病态的家庭。想想《第三类接触》中理查德·德赖弗斯将花草从窗户中抛出，《人工智能》中弗朗西斯·奥康纳将她收养的机器人儿子遗弃在路边，或者《逍遥法外》中克里斯托弗·沃尔肯被击垮后的自欺欺人。很难想象他们戴上米老鼠的耳朵会是什么样子。





Unit 20


It sounded at first like a familiar story: school administrators，seeking to meet state and federal standards，fraudulently raised students’ scores on crucial exams．But in the cheating scandal that has shaken the 64,000-student school district in this border city，administrators manipulated more than numbers．They are accused of keeping low-performing students out of classrooms altogether by improperly holding some back，accelerating others and preventing many from showing up for the tests or enrolling in school at all.

It led to a dramatic moment at the federal courthouse this month，when a former schools superintendent，Lorenzo Garcia，was sentenced to prison for his role in orchestrating the testing scandal．But for students and parents，the case did not end there．A federal investigation continues，with the likelihood of more arrests of administrators who helped Mr．Garcia．Federal prosecutors charged Mr．Garcia，57，with devising an elaborate program to inflate test scores to improve the performance of struggling schools under the federal No Child Left Behind Act and to allow him to collect annual bonuses for meeting district goals.

The scheme，elements of which were carried out for most of Mr．Garcia's nearly six-year tenure，centered on a state-mandated test taken by sophomores. Known as the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills，it measures performance in reading，mathematics and other subjects．The scheme's objective was to keep low-performing students out of the classroom so they would not take the test and drag scores down，according to prosecutors，former principals and school advocates.

Students identified as low-performing were transferred to charter schools，discouraged from enrolling in school or were visited at home by truant officers and told not to go to school on the test day．For some，credits were deleted from transcripts or grades were changed from passing to failing or from failing to passing so they could be reclassified as freshmen or juniors.

Others intentionally held back were allowed to catch up before graduation with“turbo-mesters,” in which students earned a semester's worth of credit for a few hours of computer work．A former high school principal said in an interview and in court that one student earned two semester credits in three hours on the last day of school．Still other students who transferred to the district from Mexico were automatically put in the ninth grade，even if they had earned credits for the 10th grade，to keep them from taking the test．The program was known as“the Bowie model,” and Mr．Garcia had boasted of his success in raising test scores，particularly in 2008，when all of the district’s eligible campuses earned a rating of“academically acceptable” or better from the state．But parents and students had another name for what was happening:“los desaparecidos,” or the disappeared.

State education data showed that 381 students were enrolled as freshmen at Bowie in the fall of 2007．The following fall，the sophomore class was 170 students．Dozens of the missing students had“disappeared” through Mr．Garcia's program，said Eliot Shapleigh，a lawyer and former state senator who began his own investigation into testing misconduct and was credited with bringing the case to light．Mr．Shapleigh said he believed that hundreds of students were affected and that district leaders had failed to do enough to locate and help them.


注（1）：本文选自Times；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象:第1、2、3、4题模仿2010年真题Text 2第1、2、3、4题，第5题模仿2010年真题Text 4第5题。



1．Concern on school administrators has been aroused because ______.

A) the students’ scores have been reduced

B) they devised the cheating program

C) they are manipulating numbers

D) the 64,000-student school district can’t meet state and federal standards

2．Which of the following is true about the scandal?

A) Garcia felt quite regretful for his mistake.

B) It was devised to make the school famous.

C) It has been carried out for more than six years.

D) Many relevant administrators would be hurled in jail because of the scandal.

3．The word“discouraged” （Line 1，Para．4）most probably indicates ______.

A) the school had great concern for students

B) the school would persuade students to go back to school

C) students were persuaded not to go to this school

D) low-performing students would be expelled later

4．We learn from the last two paragraphs that ______.

A) students were permitted to catch up by paying a sum of money

B) students’ credits and grades were mishandled freely by administrators

C)“the Bowie model” is a very successful trial

D) Mr．Shapleigh condemned district leaders for misleading students

5．The author's attitude towards the solutions of the scandal is one of ______.

A) resentment

B) skepticism

C) objectiveness

D) sympathy





篇章剖析


本文就学校行政人员在重大考试中舞弊这则新闻展开论述。第一段简单介绍了学校行政人员的舞弊行为。第二段讲述了该行为受到的法律制裁。第三段指出加西亚策划“舞弊”方案的方式及目的。第四、五、六段详细介绍了“舞弊”方案的具体操作方式及内容，呼吁社会各界的关注和帮助。