Mr Samuelsson's departure clears the way for his former adversary，Leif Ostling，the head of Scania，to run the new entity．It also hints at how a deal may be structured．The simplest way would have been for MAN to buy Scania，as MAN and VW between them already control 88% of Scania's voting stock．That would，however，have forced VW to book a loss on its Scania stake（acquired at a higher share price than today’s），putting strain on a balance-sheet already stretched by VW's takeover of Porsche．A better option for VW might be for Scania to buy MAN and sell its non-truck operations—a ploy Mr Samuelsson would have resisted.


注（1）：本文选自Economist；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2004年真题Text 1。



1．Why did the departure of Hakan Samuelsson shock everyone?

A) Because even his spokesman was not aware of the abrupt decision.

B) Because his over-expansion strategy for MAN was a complete failure.

C) Because his management of MAN yielded outstanding performance．

D) Because he succeeded in adding international components to the company.

2．Which of the following can be the main reason why the departure of Mr．Samuelsson is irrelevant to the bribery allegation?

A) He demonstrated complete support of an independent investigation of the case.

B) He was widely speculated to be involved in abetting bribery.

C) Even the prosecutors were unaware of his exit.

D) He pardoned the employees who were willing to cooperate.

3．What kind of action will Mr．Piëch possibly take for his ambition?

A) He will launch a hostile bid for the Swedish truck firm Scania.

B) He will build the largest truck maker in Europe.

C) He will merge Scania and MAN so as to achieve huge annual savings.

D) He will build a conglomerate by combing Volkswagen，Man and Scania.

4．Why is the departure of Mr．Samuelson a good piece of news to Mr．Piëch?

A) Because it clears the way for Leif Ostling to control the company that merges Volkswagen，Man and Scania．

B) Because Mr．Piëch was aware that Mr．Samuelson would not allow the sales of MAN's non-truck operations.

C) Because it makes it much more convenient for VW and MAN to purchase Scania jointly.

D) Because the news will help reduce VW's pressure in terms of loss on the balance sheet.

5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the last two paragraphs?

A) Volvo and Daimler AG are so far the two largest European truck makers.

B) Scania is largely involved in the dispute between Samuelson and Piëch.

C) Leif Ostling was Samuelson's major adversary who forced the latter's exit.

D) Porsche was recently merged into the Volkswagen Group.





篇章剖析


本文主要介绍了曼公司模范老板霍坎·萨穆埃尔松突然宣布离职，并分析了其中的原因。第一段介绍对曼公司的发展做出了卓越贡献的萨穆埃尔松突然辞职的情况；第二段分析他的离职原因之一——关于曼公司的行贿指控，并得出否定结论；第三段分析原因之二——与大众汽车集团主席费迪南德·皮希之间的矛盾，并详细回顾了矛盾的由来；最后一段指出萨穆埃尔松辞职将会带来的影响。





词汇注释


clunky /ˈklʌŋki/ adj. 沉重的，笨重的

conglomerate /kənˈglɒmərɪt/ n. （多种经营的）联合企业，企业集团

turbine /ˈtɜːbɪn/ n. 涡轮机，汽轮机

diesel /ˈdiːzəl/ n. 柴油机

mumble /ˈmʌmbl/ v. 含糊地说，咕哝着说

allegation /ˌælɪˈgeɪʃn/ n. 说法，指控

prosecutor /ˈprɒsɪkjuːtə/ n. 检察官，公诉人

amnesty /ˈæmnesti/ n. 大赦，特赦

spar /spɑː/ v. 争论，争吵

takeover /ˈteɪkəʊvə/ n. 收购，接管

merger /ˈmɜːdʒə/ n. （公司等的）合并

leapfrog /ˈliːpfrɒg/ v. 超越，越级提升

full-blown /ˈfulˈbləʊn/ adj. 全面的

adversary /ˈædvəsəri/ n. 对手，敌人





难句突破


Mr Piëch is now chairman of MAN's supervisory board too，and so in a position to realise a long-held ambition to forge a three-way merger that would include VW's truck business—a combination that would leapfrog Volvo and Daimler AG to become Europe's biggest truckmaker.

主体句式：Mr Piëch is now chairman of MAN's supervisory board too，and so in a position to...

结构分析：本句的主句由and连接的两个并列结构组成。后半部分的并列结构中，包括了一个that引导的定语从句that would include VW's truck business，来修饰先行词merger。破折号之后的a combination...biggest truckmaker是merger的同位语，其中又有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰combination。

句子译文：现在，皮希同时也是曼公司监事会的主席，这个位置能进一步帮助他实现一个长期的雄心计划，即发起包括大众卡车业务在内的三方并购业务，从而超越沃尔沃和戴姆勒AG成为欧洲最大的卡车制造商。





题目分析


1．C 细节题。文章第一段的主要作用是铺垫，先是介绍萨穆埃尔松如何成功地经营了曼公司，而最后一句话笔锋一转，引出文章的主要议题，即萨穆埃尔松的离职引起了外界的震惊。之所以令所有人意外正是因为他的表现如此出色，没有人以为他会辞职，因此正确答案是C。提到他的发言人是为了进一步强调事情发生之突然，并不是原因，因此A不正确。B与文章意思相反，显然是错误的。D只是萨穆埃尔松成就的一部分，并没有全部概括。

2．A 细节题。本题对应文章第二段，该段提到有人猜测萨穆埃尔松的离开可能与该公司最近的一起贿赂案有关，他想借离职与这个案子做一个了断，但实际上萨穆埃尔松本人做出了admirable response，大力支持案件调查，同时检察官也不认为他是嫌疑人，因此贿赂案不应该成为他离职的真正理由。所以，正确答案是A。B指萨穆埃尔松教唆贿赂是没有根据的。C也不正确，检察官并不是不知道他的离职，而是同样感到惊讶。D的表述虽然正确，但只是他在此案中的一个具体做法，不够全面，因此不能入选。

3．D 细节题。文章第三段明确提到了皮希的雄心，如a three-way merger、a full-blown combination of all three这些词汇都说明他的目标是三家公司的合并。A是萨穆埃尔松曾经试图做的事情，B是皮希的目标或雄心而不是手段，C是汇丰银行的预估，所以这三个选项都不正确。正确答案是D。

4．B 细节题。文章最后一段提到“更好的策略是让斯堪尼亚公司收购曼公司，并且出售曼公司的非卡车业务，而萨穆埃尔松肯定会坚决反对这一策略”，可见B是正确答案，其余三个选项都与最后一段表述不符。

5．C 细节题。选项A、B、D都可在文章最后两段找到对应信息。最后一段的第一句指出Leif Ostling是萨穆埃尔松的老对手，但并没有提及他迫使萨穆埃尔松离职，选项表述不正确， 因此选C。





参考译文



一直以来，霍坎·萨穆埃尔松都是欧洲第三大卡车制造商曼公司的模范老板。曼公司以前是一家笨重杂乱的企业集团，生产从印刷机到宇宙飞船的各类产品。但自2005年霍坎·萨穆埃尔松掌管曼公司以来，他将公司转型为一个专门生产卡车、涡轮机以及可给全世界四分之三以上的大型轮船提供动力的、体积堪比房屋的柴油机的公司。他还积极实施一项国际扩张计划，包括去年收购大众在巴西的重型卡车业务，以及今年收购中国最大的重型卡车制造商——中国重汽25%的股权。有分析家预测，五年之内曼集团将有近一半的收入来自发展中国家的新兴市场。因此当今年11月23日萨穆埃尔松先生突然提出辞职时，所有人都非常吃惊。甚至连他的发言人都还在休假。

对此，公司向外界含糊解释道，萨穆埃尔松的离开可以使公司专注于其主要业务。有些人认为这是指之前的一些指控，即曼公司的一些雇员曾经通过行贿来获取订单合同，而萨穆埃尔松的离职可以使他与此事有个彻底的了结。但认为萨穆埃尔松没有贿赂嫌疑的检方也对其离职感到同样的吃惊。萨穆埃尔松对这些指控的反应令人钦佩，他一方面指派独立律师和审计师进行彻底的调查，另一方面则对那些配合调查的雇员给予宽大处理。

另一种更为可信的解释是，萨穆埃尔松与大众汽车集团颇有心机的总裁费迪南德·皮希之间产生了矛盾，而这已经不是第一次了。早在2006年，两个人就在萨穆埃尔松对瑞典卡车公司斯堪尼亚发起恶意收购时有过争执，当时持有斯堪尼亚公司34%股票的大众公司不支持这项收购。而当大众公司购买了曼公司20%的股票时（随后这个比例增加到30%），皮希最终占据了上风。现在，皮希同时也是曼公司监事会的主席，这个位置能进一步帮助他实现一个长期的雄心计划，即发起包括大众卡车业务在内的三方并购业务，从而超越沃尔沃和戴姆勒AG成为欧洲最大的卡车制造商。汇丰银行的分析家认为，如果将斯堪尼亚公司和曼公司都并入大众，那么这个集团每年可以节省约6亿欧元（约合9亿美元）的成本。皮希过去也曾经提到过，三家公司的全面合并将为每年削减多达10亿欧元的成本。

萨穆埃尔松的离开为他的老对手——斯堪尼亚公司的总裁莱夫·奥斯特林接管新公司扫清了障碍。他的离开也暗示了这桩交易的方式。最简单的方式就是曼公司直买下斯堪尼亚公司，因为曼公司和大众公司现在共持有斯堪尼亚公司88%有表决权的股票。但是，大众公司持有的斯堪尼亚公司股票会出现亏损（大众公司购买该公司股票时其股价比今天要高），这将给因收购保时捷已经压力重重的大众资产负债表又加上一个重担。因此，对于大众公司来说，更好的策略是让斯堪尼亚公司收购曼公司，并且出售曼公司的非卡车业务，而萨穆埃尔松先生肯定会坚决反对这一策略。





Unit 12


In 1999，as soon as he completed high school and following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather，Lionel Hamilton enlisted to serve his country．He worked as a helicopter mechanic before ultimately becoming a pilot．He flew a Blackhawk and helped save countless lives by transporting soldiers out of danger.

Lionel still works on flying machines．Today，he oversees assembly at a GE jet engine testing facility in Peebles，Ohio．Lionel Hamilton is doing something else，too．He is answering a key question in the debate on how we build a growing and sustainable American economy．That question is not whether companies are hiring again．Manufacturing companies，large and small，are ready to hire．The question is: where can these companies find the qualified，skilled workers required for the high-tech jobs that define advanced manufacturing today?

It turns out that many companies are looking，with great success，at veterans like Lionel，both those just transitioning back to civilian life and those who have made that transition but are still looking for meaningful work. That is why the Manufacturing Institute，companies like GE，Alcoa，Boeing and Lockheed Martin，community colleges，veterans organizations，and others are launching a coalition to bolster the manufacturing talent pipeline by training veterans for jobs in advanced manufacturing．Our reason is not patriotism alone.

Manufacturing currently employs about 12 million people，and both the pay and benefits in those jobs exceed the national average．Approximately seven out of every 10 dollars of our country's R&D investments support manufacturing．The point is that while the methods of manufacturing have changed，it remains a critical component of our country's economic future．We know that there are 600,000 open high-tech jobs，just waiting to be filled．With transition support and training，vets can succeed in these jobs.

Manufacturers need skilled workers．More than two and a half million workers will retire in the next decade．The number has recently decreased slightly，but there are still nearly one million unemployed veterans，many of whom are young and looking to start a meaningful career．When you add the technical proficiency and the list of intangible qualities from leadership to loyalty that they bring with them to the job，veterans are a perfect fit.

The need is obvious．The challenge is matching their skills to job openings，to help them find the right jobs now．According to new research，veterans and active duty soldiers who will be soon transitioning into civilian life are confident that they can contribute．They worry，however，that they will be undervalued and that their skills may not readily transfer to the workforce.


注（1）：本文选自The New York Times；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2011年真题Text 2。



1．All of Lionel Hamilton's deeds can best be described as being ______.

A) obedient

B) patriotic

C) impulsive

D) capable

2．According to Paragraph 3，manufacturing companies may be ready to ______.

A) hire experienced workers

B) set up new manufacturing companies

C) define advanced manufacturing today

D) train veterans to be qualified and skilled workers

3．The word“bolster” （Line 5，Paragraph 3）most probably implies that ______.

A) manufacturing is a high-income and high-profit sector

B) the coalition advocates patriotism

C) manufacturing companies support the training of veterans

D) high-tech jobs are just waiting to be filled

4．It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______.

A) veterans are becoming more and more undervalued

B) intangible qualities are more valuable than technical proficiency

C) veterans are entirely optimistic to find suitable jobs

D) there are both opportunities and challenges along the road

5．Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A) Manufacturing: We are ready to hire experienced workers.

B) Today's advanced manufacturing

C) Veterans: What can we do after transition?

D) Veterans are the best choice for high-tech jobs in manufacturing.





篇章剖析


本文主要讲述了让退伍军人做高技术含量的工作的问题。第一、二段以退伍军人莱昂内尔·汉密尔顿为例，介绍了退伍军人具备过硬的技能以及高技术人才短缺的现状；第三段指出，公司希望通过培训退伍军人来支撑起制造业高端人才的培养渠道；第四、五段进一步分析了退伍军人广阔的就业前景；最后一段指出了退伍军人对于再就业的忧虑。





词汇注释


enlist /ɪnˈlɪst/ v. 从军；获得支持

mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ n. 技工，机修工

assembly /əˈsembli/ n. 装配；集会

veteran /ˈvetərən/ n. 老兵；老手

transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ v. / n. 过渡；转变

coalition /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/ n. 联合；结合

proficiency /prəˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 精通，熟练

intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/ adj. 无形的，触摸不到的

undervalued /ˌʌndəˈvæljuːd/ adj. 被低估的；贬值的；估值偏低的





难句突破


It turns out that many companies are looking，with great success，at veterans like Lionel，both those just transitioning back to civilian life and those who have made that transition but are still looking for meaningful work.

主体句式：It turns out that many companies are looking at veterans...

结构分析：该长句修饰成分较多，因此结构看似复杂。It turns out that...句式表示“结果是…”。插入语with great success作主句的伴随状语，并列连词both...and...所引导的部分为名词veterans的同位语，对退伍军人进行了补充说明，而who所连接的从句作those的定语，具体限定了退伍军人的范围。

句子译文：事实证明，很多公司都非常成功地找到了像莱昂内尔这样的退伍军人。这些人当中有的刚转业，有的已经转业却仍旧在寻找有意义的工作。





题目分析


1．D 推理题。该题目要求概括莱昂内尔·汉密尔顿的所有行为，属于总结性提问，虽然子承父业参军报国体现了一定的孝顺和爱国热情，但并不能概括他的所有行为，因此A、B选项不全面。C选项文中并未提及。只有D选项具有总括性，他能够在任何岗位上都做出成绩正说明他很有能力。故答案为D。

2．D 细节题。第三段指出，公司希望通过培训退伍军人来支撑起制造业的人才培养渠道。B、C选项文中并未提及。而A 选项中雇用有经验的工人与文中培训退伍军人的说法不符，只有D选项说法正确。

3．C 细节题。bolster意为“支撑”，文中指出，这就是为什么制造业协会和通用、美铝、波音、洛克希德·马丁等公司，社区学院，退伍军人联合会以及其他机构联合的原因，他们希望通过培训退伍军人从事高端制造业来支撑起制造业人才培养渠道。A、B项与原文不符。D选项虽然说法正确但与题意不符，故答案为C。

4．D 推理题。第五段进一步分析了退伍军人广阔的就业前景和优势，最后一段指出了退伍军人对于再就业的顾虑。由原文可知A、B项的说法与原文不符。C选项中的 entirely一词扩大了范围，言过其实，故排除。答案为D。

5．D 主旨题。文章重点介绍了退伍老兵从事高技术含量工作的优势，指出这是发展高端制造业和解决退伍老兵就业问题的关键。综合全文可知， D为最佳答案。





参考译文



1999年，莱昂内尔·汉密尔顿高中一毕业就追随其父亲和祖父的脚步参军报效祖国。他开始时担任直升机技师一职，直到最终成为了一名飞行员。他曾驾驶“黑鹰号”，运送士兵们脱离危险，拯救了无数人的生命。

目前，莱昂内尔仍旧从事着与飞行器有关的工作。今天，他正在俄亥俄州皮布尔斯监管通用喷气发动机实验设备的装配工作。他也做其他一些事情。在关于如何构建可持续发展的美国经济的辩论中，他正在回答一个关键问题。这个问题不是公司是否会再次招聘，无论大型的还是小型的制造公司都会招聘。而是，在以高科技工作定义先进制造业的今天，这些公司去哪里找合格的、技术过硬的工人，来胜任这些高技术含量的工作。

事实证明，很多公司都非常成功地找到了像莱昂内尔这样的退伍军人。这些人当中有的刚转业，有的已经转业却仍旧在寻找有意义的工作。这就是为什么制造业协会和通用、美铝、波音、洛克希德·马丁等公司，社区学院，退伍军人联合会以及其他机构联合的原因，他们希望通过培训退伍军人从事高端制造业来支撑起制造业人才培养渠道。我们这样做并不仅仅是因为爱国。

目前制造业雇用了大约1200万人，这些工作给受雇者带来的收入和补助金超过了国家平均水平。约70%的国家科研投资都被用来支持制造业的发展。问题是尽管制造方式已经改变，它依然是关乎国家经济前景的关键部分。我们知道有60万个高科技类工作岗位有待填补。通过转业支持和培训，退伍军人可以胜任这些工作。

制造商需要技术型人才。在未来十年，将有超过250万工人退休。虽然这一数字最近有小幅下降，但是我们还有将近100万未就业的退伍军人，他们大多年富力强并期望找到一份有意义的工作。当你把技术娴熟度和他们所具备的一系列的无形品质（无论是领导力还是忠诚度）加在一起的时候，你会发现退伍军人是最适合这些工作的人选。

需求是显而易见的。目前的挑战是将他们的技能和空缺岗位对号入座，帮助他们找到合适的工作。最新调查显示，退伍军人和一些快要转业的现役士兵都坚信自己能够做出贡献。但是，他们也担心自己的价值会被低估，而且自己的技能也许不会很容易就转化为劳动力。





Unit 13


As a track star in high school，Sallie Krawcheck ranked among her state's best at the high jump．① But she hasn’t jumped for anyone since，and her unshakable independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston，S.C.，in the 1970s. Then，Krawcheck—always an outstanding student—thought mostly of cheerleading and“dating the coolest boy,” she acknowledges．“She was in danger of becoming terminally cute,” recalls her high school guidance counselor，Nancy Wise，who recognized Krawcheck's potential early and stoked her business ambitions．Today Krawcheck，37，is one of the most powerful women in the corporate world and a rising star.