存储器是一种可以保存数据的设备。
Spring is a storage element.
弹簧是一种储能元件。
perform…function  实现…功能, 起…作用
This program performs optic calculating function in the computer.
该程序在计算机上实现光学计算功能。
Bolts and nuts perform fastening function on the machine.
螺栓螺母在设备上起紧固作用。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四  Fasteners and Springs 2
Most springs are made of steel, although silicon bronze, brass and beryllium copper are also used. Springs are universally made by companies which specialize in the manufacture of springs. The helical coil spring is the most popular type of spring; torsion bars and leaf springs are also widely used. If the wire diameter (assuming a helical coil spring) is less than 8mm, the spring will normally be cold-wound from hard-drawn or oil-tempered wire. For larger diameters, springs are formed using hot-rolled bar.
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四  Words Learning
universal 普遍(的), 通用(的), 世界的, 万向的, 万能(的)
A universal chuck and the universal motor are fitted on the new lathe.
新车床装上了万向卡盘和通用电机。
specialize  专攻, 专门研究  
He specializes in physics.  他专攻物理学。
The factory specialized in manufacturing mechanic products in 1990’s but now change to electronic products.
这个厂在90年代专门生产机械产品，但现在转为生产电子产品了。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四  Words Learning
assuming  假定，设想
Assuming the friction is neglect, does a machine can be made 100% efficiency? 
假定不考虑摩擦力，机器的效率可做到100%吗？
be cold-wound  冷卷绕(法)
The cylinders can be cold-wound by circle rolling machine as they are big diameter and small thickness.
这些圆柱筒由于直径大厚度小，可以在滚轧机上冷卷出来。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四  Fasteners and Springs 2
It is good practice to consult with a spring 
manufacturing company when selecting a spring 
design, especially if high loads or temperatures are to be encountered, or if stress reversals occur or corrosion resistance is required. To properly select a spring, a complete study of the spring requirements, including space limitations, must be undertaken. Many different types of special springs are available to satisfy unusual requirements or applications.
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四  Words Learning
It is good practice to do sth. 
应该做某事，好的习惯做法
It is good practice to be punctual. 
应该养成准时的习惯。
It is good practice to make full preparation before doing it.
在做事之前应该做好充分地准备工作。
consult 请教,商量, 商议
You should consult to the specialists for detailed information of this technology.
你应该向专家请教该项技术的详细情况。
You can consult with an experience person for good advice.
你可以和有经验的人商量得到有益的建议。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之四  Words Learning
encounter  遭遇, 遇到, 相遇
He encountered many difficulties when he first started this job.
他开始做这项工作时，遇到许多困难。
The tool of high speed steel should be selected when encounter a harder material.
碰到加工较硬的材料时，要选用高速钢工具。
undertake  着手作,从事,承担, 担任
A group of five undertake the experiment and calculations.
5人小组着手进行实验与计算工作。
She undertook the organization of the whole scheme.
她负责整个计划的组织工作。
 
 


5机械工程专业英语  第五课
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
四、转换词性：
    转换词性是根据翻译的需要将英语某一词性的词译为汉语另一词性的方法。
例：The workers have succeeded in making high quality semiconductor devices of all types.
工人们成功地制造了各种类型高质量的半导体装置。(汉语不说工人们在…方面成功，而把动词“succeed”译为副词"成功地")
 
在以下情况下可考虑转换词性：
- 当英语某一词性的词相当于汉语另一词性时；
- 当某词按同一词性翻译不能确切表达该词的意义时；
- 当某词按同一词性翻译而使得汉语句子不通顺时。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
1. 转换为汉语的名词
1）动词转换为汉语名词
Has the house been wired for electricity?
这房子的电线装好了吗？（动词wired 译为“装线”“给…装电线”）
Vacuum rectifiers are characterized by the following.
真空管整流器具有如下的特性。
Properties of non-metals vary widely.
非金属材料的各种性能有很大的差异。(不宜译为“…性能变化很大”)
However, we observe that the a.c. ammeter reads about 1A.
然而,我们看到,交流电表的读数为大约1安培。(不译:读为大约1安)
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
2）形容词转换为汉语名词
Most materials used in engineering are elastic.
工程中所用的大多数材料都具有弹性。（而不说“是弹性的”）
Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of 
jobs. (汉语不说“计算机是更灵活的”，把“灵活的”改译成“灵活性”)
计算机的灵活性比较大，因此能做更多种不同的工作。
Jet engines are very powerful.
喷气发动机的功率非常大。(若将“Powerful ”译为强大的，未能表达“功率”这一概念，使词义不明确。)
The microscope serves to render the small larger.
显微镜能使小物体变大。(the small 转换成名词“小物体”)
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
3) 副词转换为汉语名词
Sodium and copper have one electron in the outer shell and are chemically similar.
钠和铜在外壳上具有一个电子，因而其化学性质相似。（不说“化学地相似”而是将chemically 译为“化学性质”）
This loss may be partially reduced by using cores of silicon steel or of certain other alloys.  (汉语不说“部分地减少”)
采用硅钢芯或其它合金做的芯可使这种损耗减少一部分。
4) 代词转换为汉语名词
The properties of semiconductors are different from those of conductors.
半导体的性质与导体的性质大不相同。（将these还原译为“性质”）
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
2. 转换为汉语的动词
1) 名词或动名词转换为汉语动词
One of the principal rules of the lathe maintenance is timely lubrication of all friction surfaces.
车床维护的主要规律之一就是及时润滑所有摩擦面。
The voltmeter is an electrical instrument for measurement of voltage.
伏特计是用来测量电压的仪表。
2）形容词或“形容词+介词”转换为汉语动词
We are also familiar with other transformations of energy.
我们还熟悉别的能量转换现象。
The force is perpendicular to the surface.
此力垂直于表面。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
3）副词转换为汉语动词
Engineers took the machine apart yesterday.
工程师昨天把这台机器拆开了。
Now the experiment is over.
现在实验结束。
The reaction force to this action force pushes rocket ship along.
这个作用力所产生的反作用力推动宇宙飞船前进。
4）介词或介词短语转换为汉语动词
The application of plastics is on the increase.
塑料的应用正在增多。
The number of tools stored in the drum is above forty.
刀库中储存的刀具超过四十把。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
3. 转换为汉语的形容词
1）副词转换为汉语形容词
Why is electricity widely used in industry?
为什么电在工业中得到广泛的使用呢？
Gases and liquids are perfectly elastic.
气体与液体都有良好的弹性。
2）名词转换为汉语形容词
When an excess of electrons is present, we may call the material n-type; when a lack of orbital electrons occurs, we call the material p-type.
当呈现多余的电子时，我们称之为n型材料，当缺乏轨道电子时，我们称之为p型材料。（将“电子的过剩”译为“多余的电子”）
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
4. 转换为汉语的副词
1) 形容词转换为汉语副词
A graph gives a visual representation of the relationship.
图能直观地表示所要说明的关系。
(形容词visual“视觉的”转换成副词“直观地”)
To the successful research, manufacture and launching of China’s astronautic vehicle, our space industry has already make great contributions.
我国航天工业对成功地研究、生产和发射宇宙飞船做出了巨大的贡献。（形容词successful 转换成副词）
The molecules are still free to move about.
分子仍可自由运动。（形容词free 译成副词，修饰动词“运动”。）
 
翻译的基本方法 – 转换词性 Skills of Translation –transform part of speech
2）动词转换为汉语副词
In the long and laborious search, Marie Curie succeeded in isolating two new substances.
在长期辛勤的研究中，玛利．居里成功地分解出两种新物质。（动词succeed 转译成副词“成功地”）
3）名词转换为汉语副词
Gears may be form cut on a milling machine.
齿轮可以在铣床上成形切削。（form 修饰 cut）