Most of machine parts are mass produced.
大多数机器零件是批量生产的。（mass 修饰 produced）
Several cutters are arbor mounted on the spindle of a milling machine.
铣床主轴上可借助刀杆装上几把铣刀。（arbor 修饰 mounted）
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  The Strength of Mechanical Elements 1
One of the primary considerations in designing any
machine or structure is that the strength must be
sufficiently greater than the stress to assure both safety
and reliability. To assure that mechanical parts do not
fail in service, it is necessary to learn why they
sometimes do fail. Then we shall be able to relate the
stresses with the strengths to achieve safety.
Ideally, in designing any machine element, the 
Engineer should have at his disposal the results of a
great many strength tests of the particular material
chosen. 
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
considerations  考虑，意见，需要考虑的事项
Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a car.
在选择汽车时安全是最重要的考虑因素。
We will give your proposal consideration.
我们会仔细考虑你的建议
Time is a very important consideration in this case.
在这种情况下时间是极为重要的因素。
strength  普通词义：力, 力量, 力气, 实力；专业词义：强度
Earning money to support his mother is the source of his strength. 挣钱赡养母亲是他力量的源泉。
The strength of this frame depends on designing structure .
这个钢架的强度大小取决于其设计的结构。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
reliability  可靠性
All mechanical parts on car should make the reliability trials.
汽车上的所有机械零件必须进行可靠性试验。
in service  使用中，运行中
A good maintenance makes the machine in good service.
良好的设备维护确保设备良好的运行。
This new optical device will put in service next week.
这台新的光学仪器将于下周投入使用。
relate …with   使…联系,  使…与…发生关系，
Every one should learn how to relate himself with others. 
每个人都应学会怎样与人相处。
achieve  完成，达到，取得成功
He achieved because he was a hard worker.
他之所以取得成功是他努力的结果。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  The Strength of Mechanical Elements 1
These tests should have been made on specimens having the same heat treatment, surface finish, and size as the element he proposes to design; and the tests should be made under exactly the same loading conditions as the part will experience in service. This means that, if the part is to experience a bending load, it should be tested with a bending load. If it is to be subjected to combined bending and torsion, it should be tested under combined bending and torsion. Such tests will provide very useful and precise information. They tell the engineer what factor of safety to use and what the reliability is for a given service life. Whenever such data are available for design purposes, the engineer can be assured that he is doing the best possible job of engineering.
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
be subjected to  受支配, 从属于, 可以...的, 经历,遭受
As a test these specimens were subjected to high temperature heat treatment.
这些样品经过了高温热处理试验。
precise  精确的, 准确的
To get a precise measurement, a precise instrument should be used.
为了得到精确的测量必需采用精密的仪器。
factor  因素, 要素,系数
Safety factor is an main consideration in engineering design.
安全系数是工程设计中主要考虑的因素。
service life  使用寿命
Works often lubricate the machine for longer its service life. 
工人们经常给机器加油可延长机器的使用寿命。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  The Strength of Mechanical Elements 1
The cost of gathering such extensive data prior to design is justified if failure of the part may endanger human life, or if the part is manufactured in sufficiently large quantities. Automobiles and refrigerators, for example, have very good reliabilities because the parts are made in such large quantities that they can be thoroughly tested in advance of manufacture. The cost of making these tests is very low when it is divided by the total number of parts manufactured.
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
is justified  证明…是正确的 / 合理的 / 值得的
Such investment is justified on the result of productivity increasing.
生产力的提高证明了这项投资是值得的。
You can’t justify yourself.
你无法证明自己有理。
endanger  使遭到危险, 危及, 危害
Smoking  endangers person’s health. 
吸烟危害健康。
The metal pipes are endangered of corrosion in such a damp environment. 
在这样潮湿的环境下这些金属管有生锈的危险。
The giant panda is an endangered species. (种)
大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
in sufficiently large quantities  大量的，大批量的
The price of purchasing in sufficiently large quantities is much lower than by retail. 
大批量购买的价格比零售价格要低得多。
in advance  提前，预先，在…之前
50% of  the payment should be made in advance after the contract put into force.
合同生效后须付50%的预付款。
If any modification should be made an writing information should be submitted in advance to the Buyer .
如果要作更改须以书面形式预先通知买方。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  The Strength of Mechanical Elements 1
You can now appreciate the following four design categories:
(1) Failure of the part would endanger human life, or the part is made in extremely large quantities; consequently, an elaborate testing program is justified during design.
(2) The part is made in large enough quantities so that a moderate series of tests is feasible.
(3) The part is made in such small quantities that testing is not justified at all; or the design must be completed so rapidly that there is not enough time for testing.
(4) The part has already been designed, manufactured, and tested and found to be unsatisfactory. Analysis is required to understand why the part is unsatisfactory and what to do to improve it.
 
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
appreciate   鉴赏, 感激,珍惜,评价, 鉴别
A musician can appreciate small differences in sounds.
音乐家能辨别声音中极细微的差别。
A group of specialists appreciated the value of the design work.
专家组对这项设计工作进行了评价。
consequently  因此，结局的， 跟着发生的
Operation system is malfunction consequently on a resistor element failure.
一个电阻元件坏了后操作系统就失灵了。
His long illness and consequent absence put him far behind in his work.
他因病缺席很久， 耽误了很多课程。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之五  Words Learning
elaborate   完善(的), 精心制作(的), 详细阐述(的), 精细
Engineers made an elaborate plan for this project.
工程师们为这项工程制定了一个完善的计划。
moderate    中等的, 适度的, 适中的
The workpiece on the machine is rotating at a moderate speed.
机床上的工件正以中等的速度旋转。
feasible  可行的，可用的
We should find a feasible method to solve these problems.
我们应寻找一种可行的办法来解决这些问题。
improve  改善, 提高, 改进
They adopt a new technology to improve the productivity. 
他们采用了一项新技术来提高生产率。
 
机械工程专业英语   作业  English in  Mechanical Engineering (home work)
 


6机械工程专业英语  第六课
 
翻译的基本方法 – 改变句子结构 Skills of Translation –transform sentence structure
改变句子结构的翻译处理方法包括两个方面:改变句子的成分和改变句子类型。
一、改变句子的成分
    为了使译文符合汉语习惯，必须改变句子的成分。如将原文中的状语、定语、表语、宾语等译为主语；将原文中的定语、主语、表语译为谓语;将主语译为宾语、定语;状语译为定语等。
(一) 转换为汉语主语
1. 状语译为主语
1) There be …结构：
There are different element in nature.
自然界有各种不同的元素。
There are many reading rooms in our institute.
我们学院有许多北阅览室。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 改变句子结构 Skills of Translation –transform sentence structure
2) 原文句中状语在逻辑意义上说明主语时，原状语译为主语，原主语转为定语：
When water freezes, it becomes larger in volume.
水结冰时，其体积变大。
The machine is lighter in weight and simple in structure.
这种机器的重量轻、结构简单。
There has been a decrease in our imports this year.
今年，我们的进口物品减少了。
3) 被动语态句子中的地点状语及由by 和for引导的其它状语，往往可译为主语：
Within 3 years great advances have been made in our industry.
近3年，我国工业获得很大发展。
An engine is operated by a worker.
工人操纵发动机。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 改变句子结构 Skills of Translation –transform sentence structure
2. 定语译为主语：这种转换主要见于“there be +主语+介词”句型。