2007 年阅读Text 1
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
参考译文:如果你再去调查一下那些为世界杯和专业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队,你会发现这一奇怪现象更加明显。
形近词
professionalize
[prəˈfeʃ(ə)nəlaɪz] v. 使……职业化;使……专业化
【例】[v] 使……专业化
2011 年阅读新题型
Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor.
参考译文:除了通过分开教学来使专业更加专业化,美国顶尖大学对教授也实行了专业化。
professionalization
[prəˌfeʃ(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 专业化;职业化
professionalism
[prəˈfeʃ(ə)nəˌlɪz(ə)m] n. 职业水准或特性;职业化;专业化
【例】[n] 专业化
2011 年阅读新题型
Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969, a third of American professors did not possess one.
参考译文:专业化已经使获得博士学位成为学术生涯成功的先决条件。直到1969年,有三分之一的美国教授仍然没有博士学位。
provide
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [prə'vaɪd] 供给;提供;给予
形近词:provided, provider, provision
【例】[v] 给予
2014 年完型
The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.
参考译文:这一程序会记录你的学习进度,并对你的表现和进步给予详尽的反馈。
【例】[v] 提供
2011 年阅读Text 3
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.
参考译文:同样剧烈的技术变革为营销人员提供了更多的(和更多样的)沟通选择,但同时也增加了风险,因为情绪激动的消费者将会以更迅速、更明显、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见。
形近词
provided [prə'vaɪdɪd]
conj. 倘若;只要;假如
provider [prə'vaɪdə(r)]
n. 提供者;供应者,供应商
【例】[n] 供应者;供应商
2011 年阅读Text 3
This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.
参考译文:这种趋势我们认为目前尚处于初级阶段,它实际上始于零售商和诸如航空、酒店等旅游供应商,而且无疑将会走得更远。
provision [prəˈvɪʒ(ə)n]
n. 供应;提供;(法律的)条文;条款;规定;准备
【例】[n] (法律的)条文;条款
2013 年阅读Text 4
Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they _______.
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies
参考译文:亚利桑那州的三项条款被推翻是由于_______。
[A] 剥夺了联邦警察的宪法权利
[B] 干扰了不同州之间的权利平衡
[C]侵犯了联邦移民法的权威性
[D]与联邦政策和州政策都矛盾
补充词汇
[同义词]
supply [sə'plaɪ]
v. 供给;补充
offer ['ɒfə(r)]
v. 提供;给予
【例】[v] 提供
2014 年阅读Text 1
You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.
参考译文:现在你已经不再被需要;那个为你的生活提供目标、搭建体系的工作环境,如今也将你排除在外。
challenge
词频 ★★★★☆
n. [ˈtʃæləndʒ] 挑战;艰巨任务;(对真实性、价值、权威等提出的)怀疑;质疑
v. [ˈtʃæləndʒ] 挑战;怀疑;质疑(真实性、价值、权威等)
形近词:unchallenged
【例】[v] 挑战
2009 年阅读Text 3
It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system ______.
[A] challenges economists and politicians
[B] takes efforts of generations
[C] demands priority from the government
[D] requires sufficient labor force
参考译文:文章第一段表明,建立一个新的教育体系 ______。
[A] 向经济学家和政治学家提出了挑战
[B] 需要几代人的努力
[C] 需要政府给予优先权
[D] 需要充足的劳动力
【例】[v] 怀疑;质疑(真实性、价值、权威等)
2012 年阅读Text 2
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.
参考译文:相反,该公司所做的恰恰是它很早之前就承诺过不会去做的事:它在联邦法庭上对佛蒙特州的法规是否符合宪法提出了质疑,这是它为维持其佛蒙特州扬基核电站继续运营所做的孤注一掷的努力的一部分。
【例】[n] 挑战
2014 年阅读Text 4
Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
参考译文:然而,其报告将国会要求其阐明的挑战的深度和广度变得含混不清,因此很可能成为改革的绊脚石。
形近词
unchallenged [ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd]
adj. 不成问题的;未受到挑战的;未引起质疑的;没有异议的
测一测
degree n. 程度;度数;学位;等级
★ agreement n. 协定;一致;同意
★ Greek n. 希腊人;希腊文
adj. 希腊的;希腊语的;希腊人的
concern v. 涉及;关系到;关注
n. 关心;关切;顾虑;忧虑;利害(关系)
★ concerned adj. 关心的;关注的;有关(方面)的;认为重要的;担心的
★ unconcerned adj. 不关心的;无关的;无忧虑的
※ concern oneself with 关心
※ as/so far as ... be concerned 就……来说
allow v. 允许;同意;考虑
★ shallow v. 变浅;使变浅
adj. 浅的;肤浅的
※ allow for 考虑到;顾及;允许有
product n. 产品;产物
★ production n. 生产;产量;产品;作品
★ productive adj. 富有成效的;多产的;有益的;具有创造性的
★ productivity n. 生产力;生产率;生产能力
※ invention n. 发明(物)
level n. 水平;程度;等级,级别
adj. 水平的;平的;平稳的
v. 弄平;铺平;使瞄准;使对准
★ low-level adj. 低水平的;低级别的;次要的
※ level off 稳定,呈平稳状态
※ on the level 真诚;坦率;诚恳
※ do one’s level best 全力以赴;竭尽所能
effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试
★ effortless adj. 不费力气的
infer v. 推论;推断
★ inferiority n. 劣势;劣等;下等;次级;自卑情绪,自卑感
★ inferior adj. 低等的;劣等的;下级的;差的,次的
n. 部下,下属
★ inference n. 推论;推理;推断
※ deduce v. 推论;推断
※ conclude v. 得出结论;推断出
professional n. 专业人士
adj. 职业的;专业的;专门的
★ professionalize v. 使……职业化;使……专业化
★ professionalization n. 专业化;职业化
★ professionalism n. 职业水准或特性;职业化;专业化
provide v. 供给;提供;给予
★ provided conj. 倘若;只要;假如
★ provider n. 提供者;供应者,供应商
★ provision n. 供应;提供;(法律的)条文;条款;规定;准备
※ supply v. 供给;补充
※ offer v. 提供;给予
challenge n. 挑战;艰巨任务;(对真实性、价值、权威等提出的)怀疑;质疑
v. 挑战;怀疑;质疑(真实性、价值、权威等)
★ unchallenged adj. 不成问题的;未受到挑战的;未引起质疑的;没有异议的
Unit 05
deal
词频 ★★★★☆
n. [diːl] 数量;程度;协议;(尤指)交易,生意
v. [diːl] 处理;给予;做买卖,经营
形近词:ideal, dealing, dealership
【例】[n] 协议;(尤指)交易,生意
2012年阅读Text 2
A deal is a deal—except, apparently, when Entergy is involved.
参考译文:说到就要做到,但一和安特吉公司有关,显然就例外。
【例】[n] 程度
2007 年阅读Text 3
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
参考译文:可以理解的是,从中产阶级家庭的角度来看,这一切看起来远远不像是一个履行更多金融责任的机会,在很大程度上反而更像是一次可怕的加速:把金融风险全部都转移到其负担已十分沉重的双肩上。
形近词
ideal
[aɪˈdɪəl] n. 理想;完美的典型;典范
[aɪˈdɪəl] adj. 理想的;完美的;假设的;非常合适的;空想的;不切实际的
dealing [ˈdiːlɪŋ]
n. 行为;交易;交往
【例】[n] 交往
2009 年翻译
If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect, we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
参考译文:如果人类在认识方面取得了某些进步,意识到任何机构的最终价值在于它对人类的特殊影响,我们就完全可以相信:这个认识主要是通过与年轻人交往得来的。
dealership [ˈdiːlə(r)ʃɪp]
n. 代理权,经销权;经销商
补充词汇
[词组]
deal with:处理;应付;安排
a great deal of:大量(的),许多(的)
[近义词]
contract [ˈkɒntrækt]/[kənˈtrækt]
n. 合同;契约
v. (使)收缩;(使)缩小;(使)缩短
【例】[v] (使)收缩
2011 年完型
Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
参考译文:在看幽默漫画时,那些强作笑容的人比那些双唇紧闭、眉头紧锁的人表现得更为热情。这说明,表情可能会影响情绪,而不只是情绪影响表情。
structure
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)] 构造;建造;组织;构成
n. [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)] 结构;构造;建筑物
形近词:restructuring, structural, infrastructure
【例】[n] 结构
2014 年阅读Text 2
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.
参考译文:诉讼费用如此高昂的另一个原因在于(律师)这一行具有限制性的“行会式”的股权结构。
形近词
restructuring [ˌriːˈstrʌktʃərɪŋ]
n. 改组;重新组织;调整
structural [ˈstrʌktʃ(ə)rəl]
adj. 结构的;建筑的
infrastructure [ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə(r)]
n. 下部构造;基础设施;下部组织
【例】[n] 基础设施
2010 年阅读新题型
All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.
参考译文:总的说来,这看来显然是一个大零售商可以获利的市场。他们可以利用自己的规模、现有的基础设施以及在产品范围管理、物流、营销策略方面成熟的技能来获得利润。
define
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [dɪˈfaɪn] 阐明;规定;限定;使明确;给……下定义;解释
【例】[v] 给……下定义(此处为defi ne 的现在分词作定语)
2007 年阅读Text 2
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.
参考译文:即使智商测试已经不像过去那么常用,但对人类智力的定义似乎依然是智商分数。
content
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [kənˈtent] 使满足
n. [ˈkɒntent] 容量;含量;(教育项目或课程的)内容;满足;满意
adj. [kənˈtent] 满足的;满意的
形近词:contention, discontent
【例】[n] 满意
2007 年阅读新题型
Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.
参考译文:即便一份工作的起薪似乎太少,难以达到一个就要成年的人尽快自满自足的需求,但如果这个准成年人对此有充分准备,那这一从学校到工作的过渡可能就不会遇到太多的挫折。
【例】[n] (教育项目或课程的)内容
2014 年阅读Text 4
The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.
参考译文:该委员会忽视的是,几十年来,美国的学院和大学培养的毕业生并不知道人文教育的内容和特色,因此也没有从中受益。
形近词
contention [kənˈtenʃ(ə)n]
n. 争吵;争执;(争论或讨论时的)看法,观点
【例】[n] (争论或讨论时的)看法,观点
2011 年翻译
Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”
参考译文:艾伦的书之所以成名,部分是因为其观点:环境并不能造就人,却能揭示一个人。
discontent
[ˌdɪskənˈtent] n. 不满;不满意
[ˌdɪskənˈtent] adj. 不满的
[ˌdɪskənˈtent] v. 使……不满
补充词汇
[词组]
self-contented:自满的;沾沾自喜的
immigrant
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. [ˈɪmɪɡrənt] (从国外)移来的;移民的
n. [ˈɪmɪɡrənt] (外来)移民;侨民
形近词:immigration, emigrate
形近词
immigration [ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 移居;移民
【例】[n] 移民
2013 年阅读Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.
参考译文:美国联邦最高法院周一以5:3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州移民法的大部分内容。对奥巴马政府而言,这是它在政策方面取得的一次小胜。
【例】[n] 移民
2013 年阅读Text 4
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.
参考译文:在亚利桑那州和美国(政府)的对决中,亚利桑那州提出了一项充满争议的方案,即让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法。该方案里有四项有争议的条款,其中三项被多数票否决。
【例】[n] 移民
2015 年翻译
The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
参考译文:美国是两种主要力量结合的产物:一种是思想、习俗和民族特征各不相同的欧洲移民,另一种是对这些特征进行改进的新国家所带来的影响。
emigrate [ˈemɪɡreɪt]
v. 移居国外;移民
【例】[v] 移居国外;移民
2009 年阅读Text 4
A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs.
参考译文:一个叫约翰·戴恩的裁缝于17世纪30年代晚期移民(到了美洲)。他留下一份文字,解释了他离开英格兰的理由,字里行间充满了神的各种旨意。
comprehension
词频 ★★★★☆
n. [ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃ(ə)n] 理解;领悟
形近词:comprehensive
形近词
comprehensive
[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] adj. 全面的;综合性的;能充分理解的;广泛的
[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] n. (英国的公立性)综合中学
【例】[adj] 综合性的
2016 年阅读 Text 3
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.
参考译文:研究发现,在被起诉、检举的公司中,那些具有最为综合的社会责任项目的公司往往易于得到更为宽容的处罚。
【例】[adj] 全面的
2015 年阅读Text 2
A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.
参考译文:智能手机中可能包含被捕者的浏览记录、交易记录、医疗史和近期通讯的全面记录。
补充词汇
[词组]
beyond one’s comprehension:不可理解
potential
词频 ★★★★☆
n. [pəˈtenʃ(ə)l] 潜能;潜力
adj. [pəˈtenʃ(ə)l] 潜在的;可能的
【例】[n] 潜能;潜力
2018 年阅读 Text 3
The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants.
参考译文:这项工作应用于医疗保健领域的潜力是巨大的,但它也可能导致科技巨头进一步集中力量。
补充词汇
[同义词]
possible [ˈpɒsəb(ə)l]
adj. 可能的;潜在的
[近义词]
probable [ˈprɒbəb(ə)l]
adj. 可能的;大概的;很有希望的
mass
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. [mæs] 大规模的;群众的;大量的
n. [mæs] 大量,众多;团,块;质量;民众
形近词:massive, massacre, biomass
【例】[adj] 大量的
2013 年阅读Text 1
“Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues.
参考译文:克莱因指出,“大批量生产的服装正如快餐一样,满足了人们的某种渴望和需求,却并不耐穿,并且造成了浪费。”
形近词
massive [ˈmæsɪv]
adj. 大而重的;大块的;大规模的;巨大的;大量的
【例】[adj] 大规模的
2017 年阅读Text 1
First two hours, now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
参考译文:开始是两个小时,现在是三个小时——这是官方建议搭乘美国国内航班的人需要提前到达的时间,至少在一些安检队伍越来越长的大机场得这样。
【例】[adj] 巨大的,大量的
2013 年阅读Text 1
For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
参考译文:对H&M来说,它若想为全球2300多家门店提供价格为5.95美元的针织超短裙,就必须依靠海外低薪劳动力,大量地采购(原材料)以致给自然资源造成巨大压力,并且大量使用有害化学品。
massacre [ˈmæsəkə(r)]
n./v. 大屠杀
biomass [ˈbaɪəʊˌmæs]
n. (单位面积或体积内)生物的数量
补充词汇
[近义词]
rally
[ˈræli] v. 一致支持;团结起来;振作;恢复
[ˈræli] n. 群众大会;集会;(汽车、摩托车等的)公路大赛
【例】[v] 一致支持;团结起来(此处为rally 的现在分词作定语)
2007 年完型
The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.
参考译文:保卫天主教成为保守势力的战斗口号。
compare
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [kəmˈpeə(r)] 比较;相比;对比;比作
形近词:comparable, comparison, comparative, comparatively