参考译文:经济学家和政治家普遍误解了贫穷国家里的正规教育和经济增长之间的关系。毋庸置疑,在这两个领域里取得的进步对这些国家和所有其他国家在社会、政治和学术上的发展都是必要的。
doubtful [ˈdaʊtf(ə)l]
adj. 怀疑的
【例】[adj] 怀疑的
2011 年阅读Text 1
Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ______.
[A] doubtful
[B] enthusiastic
[C] confident
[D] puzzled
参考译文:关于吉尔伯特在复兴交响乐团中所起的作用,作者持 ______ 态度。
[A] 怀疑的
[B] 热情的
[C] 自信的
[D] 困惑的
补充词汇
[词组]
in doubt:不确定;存在疑问
in no doubt:毫无疑问
physical
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. [ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l] 物质的;有形的;肉体的;身体的;物理学的
形近词:physics, geophysical, physician, astrophysicist
【例】[adj] 身体的
2011 年完型
According to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions.
参考译文:根据一个经典的情绪理论,我们的情感一部分是来源于身体的反应。
形近词
physics [ˈfɪzɪks]
n. 物理;物理学
【例】[n] 物理学
2014 年阅读Text 3
Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.
参考译文:许多奖项,比如基础物理学奖,是由互联网企业家出资设立的;他们银行账户中的数字就像电话号码一样长。
geophysical [ˌdʒiːəʊˈfɪzɪk(ə)l]
adj. 地球物理学的
physician [fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 医生;内科医生
astrophysicist [ˌæstrəʊˈfɪzɪsɪst]
n. 天体物理学家
补充词汇
[同义词]
material [məˈtɪəriəl]
adj. 物质的;肉体的;有形的
[近义词]
bodily [ˈbɒdɪli]
adj. 身体的;肉体的
introduce
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs] 引进;提出;采用;推行;引用
形近词:introductory
【例】[v] 提出
2009 年阅读新题型
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s.
参考译文:19世纪末,美国社会学家路易斯·亨利·摩根提出了另一个文化进化论。
形近词
introductory [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkt(ə)ri]
adj. 引言的;导论的;介绍性的
【例】[adj] 引言的;导论的
2008 年阅读新题型
After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.
参考译文:在清晰、完整地写完论文的主体部分后,你要特别注意论文的引言段和结尾段。
补充词汇
[同义词]
launch [lɔːntʃ]/[lɔːntʃ]
v. 发动;开展
n. 下水;发射
[近义词]
initiate [ɪˈnɪʃieɪt]
v. 开始;发起
figure
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [ˈfɪɡə(r)] 算出;估计;推测
n. [ˈfɪɡə(r)] 体形;数字;图形;人物
【例】[n] 人物
2014 年阅读Text 4
Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.
参考译文:委员会的51位成员中,有顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官、公司高管以及来自外交、电影制片、音乐和新闻领域的杰出人物。
补充词汇
[词组]
figure out:弄清楚
conduct
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [kənˈdʌkt] 引导,带领;处理;实施;管理;传导(热,电等);指挥(军队,乐队等)
n. [ˈkɒndʌkt] 行为;举动;指导,引导;实施
形近词:semiconductor, conductive, conductor
【例】[n] 行为
2012 年完型
At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary.
参考译文:至少,法院应该遵守适用于联邦司法系统其他部门的行为准则。
【例】[v] 引导
2008 年阅读新题型
Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you.
参考译文:你的写作提纲应该顺利地引导你从一个论点过渡到下一个论点,但是不能让它像铁轨引导火车那样迫使你仓促下笔。
形近词
semiconductor [ˌsemikənˈdʌktə(r)]
n. 半导体
conductive [kənˈdʌktɪv]
adj. 传导性的;传导的;有传导力的
conductor [kənˈdʌktə(r)]
n. 领导者;向导;管理人;(管弦乐队或合唱团的)指挥
【例】[n] (管弦乐队或合唱团的)指挥
2011 年阅读Text 1
Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”
参考译文:甚至连在《时代周刊》上发文支持吉尔伯特任命的托马西尼都称其为“一个谦逊的音乐家,在他身上看不到指挥家那种令人敬畏的气势”。
补充词汇
[近义词]
behavior [bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]
n. 行为;举止;(科学领域中的)运动方式;活动方式;性能;特点
【例】[n] 行为;举止
2012 年阅读Text 1
This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
参考译文:这是同辈压力的一种微妙的表现形式:我们无意识地模仿我们每天所看到的行为。
steer [stɪə(r)]
v. 驾驶(车、船、飞机等);引导;指导(某人采取某种行动或态度)
【例】[v] 引导
2012 年阅读Text 1
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
参考译文:然而,我们还远不能确定,专家和官员在选择我们的同辈群体,并引导他们的行为往好的方向发展方面能做到多成功。
tell
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [tel] 辨别,区别;告诉;讲述;吩咐,命令;(事物)显露,显示
形近词:teller, intellect, intellectual, intellectualism, intelligent, intelligently, intelligence, satellite
【例】[v] 告诉
2013 年阅读Text 2
In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.
参考译文:2010年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会提议在互联网浏览器上增加“不要跟踪”选项,如此一来,用户就可以告诉广告者,他们不想被跟踪。
形近词
teller [ˈtelə(r)]
n. 讲话者;出纳员;银行柜员机
intellect [ˈɪntəlekt]
n. 智力;非凡的才智;才智非凡的人
【例】[n] 智力
2008 年翻译
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
参考译文:达尔文深信,没有了这些兴趣不仅会丧失快乐,而且也许会对一个人的智力甚至更可能是道德品质造成损害。
intellectual
[ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl] n. 知识分子;脑力劳动者
[ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl] adj. 智力的;脑力的;理智的;知识的
【例】[adj] 知识的
2012 年阅读Text 3
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit.
参考译文:一旦科学发现的声明被公之于众,知识成果便归功于发现者。
intellectualism [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlɪz(ə)m]
n. 知性主义;理智主义;对理智之偏重
intelligent [ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)nt]
adj. 聪颖的;有才智的;智能的
intelligently [ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)ntli]
adv. 聪明地;明智地
intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)ns]
n. 智力;智能;聪明
satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt]
n. 人造卫星
补充词汇
[同义词]
inform [ɪnˈfɔː(r)m]
v. 告诉;通知
[近义词]
notify [ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ]
v. 通知;告知
lack
词频 ★★★★☆
n. [læk] 缺乏,不足;缺少的东西
v. [læk] 缺乏,缺少
形近词:blackened, slack, slacken
【例】[v] 缺乏
2010 年翻译
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
参考译文:这(指仅靠商业模式运营的资源保护系统)往往会忽视,乃至最终铲除陆地群落中许多虽缺少商业价值但却对整个陆地群落的健康运行至关重要的物种。
形近词
blackened [ˈblækənd]
adj. 变黑的;被损坏的
slack
[slæk] n. 煤末;长裤
[slæk] adj. 松弛的;疏忽的
[slæk] v. 放松;使缓慢;松懈;懈怠
slacken [ˈslækən]
v. (使)缓慢;(使)松懈;(使)松弛
【例】[v] (使)松懈;(使)松弛
2010 年完型
Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then slackening off.
参考译文:无论什么情况下,工人在一周的前几天往往会比较勤奋,然后达到一个停滞期,最后松懈下来。
available
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. [əˈveɪləb(ə)l] 可用的;可获得的;有空的
【例】[adj] 可获得的
2011 年阅读Text 1
These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.
参考译文:这些唱片价格便宜,哪里都能找到,而且通常会比如今那些现场音乐会的艺术品质高很多。进一步讲,听众能自由地选择“消费”这些唱片的时间和地点。
【例】[adj] 可获得的
2011 年阅读Text 1
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.
参考译文:对于古典音乐演奏者而言,一个可行的回应措施就是编排唱片上还没有的、吸引人的新曲目。
补充词汇
[词组]
be available to:可用于
[同义词]
obtainable [əbˈteɪnəb(ə)l]
adj. 可获得的;可取得的
accessible [əkˈsesəb(ə)l]
adj. 能接近的;易得到的
【例】[adj] 易得到的
2011 年阅读Text 1
According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.
[C] They help improve the quality of music.
[D] They have only covered masterpieces.
参考译文:根据文章内容,下列哪一 项有关唱片的说法是正确的?
[A]它们在质量上通常次于现场音乐会。
[B]它们容易为大众所获得。
[C]它们有助于提高音乐品质。
[D]它们只包含杰作。
emerge
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [ɪˈmɜː(r)dʒ] 浮现;出现;(问题等)发生;显露,(事实等)暴露;(从困境等中)摆脱;露头;出头
形近词:emergence, emergency
【例】[adj] 新出现的(此处为emerge的形容词形式)
2012 年阅读Text 1
An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication.
参考译文:一批新兴的研究表明,好的(以及坏的)健康习惯都会通过社会交往在朋友之间传播。
形近词
emergence [ɪˈmɜː(r)dʒ(ə)ns]
n. 出现;浮现;露头
emergency
[ɪˈmɜː(r)dʒ(ə)nsi] n. 紧急状况;紧急需要;紧急事件
[ɪˈmɜː(r)dʒ(ə)nsi] adj. 紧急情况下的,应急的
补充词汇
[词组]
emerge from:从……出现;暴露(问题、意见等)
[同义词]
surface [ˈsɜː(r)fɪs]
v. 显露;浮出水面
【例】[v] 显露
2012 年阅读Text 2
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon.
参考译文:这一冲突始于2002年。当时,该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一的一家核电站——一个位于弗农的老旧的反应堆。
[近义词]
originate [əˈrɪdʒəneɪt]
v. 发源;来自;产生;创始;开创
【例】[v] 发源;来自
2008 年完型
The group in question are a particular people originated from central Europe.
参考译文:文中所讨论的这群人是来自中欧的一个特定的族群。
appear [əˈpɪə(r)]
v. 出现;显现
【例】[v] 出现;显现
2012 年阅读Text 3
Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.
参考译文:不足为奇的是,那些新发表的发现声明和那些貌似重要又令人信服的可靠科学发现都会受到未来研究者的挑战,也可能被修正或驳斥。
express
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [ɪkˈspres] 表达;表示
adj. [ɪkˈspres] 特快的,快速的;明确的;确切的
n. [ɪkˈspres] 特快列车;快递;捷运公司
形近词:press, expression, impress, impressive, unimpressive, depress, depression, depressant, compress, pressing, oppress, suppress
【例】[n] 捷运公司
2011 年阅读Text 2
In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.
参考译文:最近几周,雅芳和美国捷运公司的二把手们以想要寻求首席执行官的职位为由辞职了。
形近词
press
[pres] v. 压,按;催促;敦促;进行;强调;榨取;压榨
[pres] n. 报纸;报刊;印刷机;新闻记者
【例】[v] 进行
2013 年阅读Text 2
Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
参考译文:由于不能确定有的用户是真的反对接收行为广告还是在沿用微软的默认设置,一些商家可能不会去理会“禁止追踪”的提醒,依然我行我素。
expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]
n. 表达;表述;表情;神情
【例】[n] 表情
2011 年完型
In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a disappointed expression.
参考译文:在1988年发表的一篇实验报告中,德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨·施特拉克让一部分志愿者用牙齿咬住一支笔——从而形成一个假笑,或让他们用嘴唇夹住一支笔,从而形成失望的表情。
【例】[n] 表情
2011 年完型
Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
参考译文:在看幽默漫画时,那些强作笑容的人比那些双唇紧闭、眉头紧锁的人表现得更为热情。这说明,表情可能在影响情绪,而不只是情绪影响表情。类似的,“笑”这个身体动作可以改善情绪。
impress
[ɪmˈpres] v. 盖印;传送;给人深刻印象
impressive [ɪmˈpresɪv]
adj. 给人深刻印象的;不俗的;了不起的
【例】[adj] 不俗的;了不起的
2009 年阅读Text 4
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England.
参考译文:马萨诸塞湾的早期定居者中包括那些在英格兰接受过良好教育且极具影响力的人。
unimpressive [ˌʌnɪmˈpresɪv]
adj. 不惹人注意的;给人印象不深的;无印象的
depress [dɪˈpres]
v. 降低;减少;使沮丧;使消沉
depression [dɪˈpreʃ(ə)n]
n. 萧条(期);不景气;沮丧;忧愁;忧郁症
【例】[n] 忧郁症
2008 年阅读Text 1
“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
参考译文:“在应对压力时,女性比男性尤其容易患抑郁症和焦虑症。”纽约退伍军人管理医院精神科主任医师耶胡达博士说。
depressant [dɪˈpres(ə)nt]
n. 镇静剂
compress [kəmˈpres]
v. (使)压缩;缩短;使简练
pressing [ˈpresɪŋ]
adj. 紧迫的
oppress [əˈpres]
v. 压迫;压抑;使……烦恼;使……感到沉重
suppress [səˈpres]
v. 抑制;镇压;废止
补充词汇
[词组]
press for:迫切要求;敦促
[同义词]
state [steɪt]
v. 陈述;声明
convey [kənˈveɪ]
v. 传达;传递;输送
consequence
词频 ★★★★☆
n. [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] 结果;后果;影响;重要性
【例】[n] 影响
2013 年阅读Text 3
The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.
参考译文:当今技术的发展潜力及其社会影响十分复杂,也许我们最好将其留给科幻小说家和未来学家去探索,探索那些我们可以想象的诸多可能。
补充词汇
[词组]
in consequence:因此;结果
[近义词]
outcome [ˈaʊtˌkʌm]
n. 结果;成果
contribute
词频 ★★★★☆
v. [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] 有助于;贡献;捐助;捐献;投稿
形近词:contributing, contribution
【例】[v] 有助于
2011 年阅读Text 4
But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
参考译文:但想来让人觉得很有趣:我们每周(在杂志封面上)看到的那些无忧无虑、越来越幸福的父母形象,难道不正在无形中轻微地加剧我们对现实生活的不满吗?这种方式就好像我们当中一小部分人曾经希望剪个和瑞秋(《老友记》中的单身妈妈)一样的发型,好让自己看上去有点儿像詹妮弗·安妮斯顿(美国著名演员,《老友记》中瑞秋的扮演者)。
形近词
contributing [kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪŋ]
adj. 贡献的;起作用的
contribution [ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n]
n. 捐助;贡献;捐助之物
【例】[n] 贡献
2014 年阅读Text 4
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[Al Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”
[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”
[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education
[Dl Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
参考译文:以下哪一个最适合做本文的标题?
[A]理解《问题的核心》的方法
[B]非人文教育与《问题的核心》
[C]美国人文与科学院对人文教育的贡献
[D]进步的政策与人文教育
补充词汇
[词组]
contribute to:有助于;捐助;贡献
lead to:导致;把……带到
give rise to:引起;导致;造成
executive