★ equivalent adj. 等值的;相等的;等同的
n. 等同物;等值物;对应物
frequently adv. 常常;频繁地
★ frequent v. 常到;时常出入于;常去
adj. 时常发生的;频繁的
※ repeatedly adv. 反复地;重复地;再三地
universal adj. 普遍的;全体的;通用的;宇宙的;世界的
★ universe n. 宇宙;(思想等)领域;星系
★ universally adv. 普遍地;到处;全体地
★ university n. 大学
★ universalize v. 使普遍化
※ overall adj. 全面的;总体的
adv. 全面地;总地;总的说来
n. 工装裤;(工作时穿的)罩衣
deprive v. 夺去;使丧失
emotion n. 情绪;情感
★ emotional adj. 表现强烈情感的;情绪激动的;情感上的;情绪上的
※ sentiment n. 感情;情绪;情操
※ temper n. 性情;脾气;特征
※ mood n. 心情;语气;气氛
※ disposition n. 性情;性格
modify v. 更改;修改;改造;修饰
★ mode n. 方式;方法;(艺术、着装等的)风格;(照相机、电子设备的)模式;状态
★ modification n. 修改;修正;改良
※ revise v. 改变;修正
※ amend v. 改良;修改
※ recast v. 重塑;修改
net n. 网;网状物;因特网;罗网;束缚;净收入;净数
v. 用网捕;使落网
adj.净数的;纯的
★ network n. 网状物;广播网;(人或机构组成的)网络
★ intranet n. 内联网;企业内部网
★ Internet-based adj. 基于互联网的;以网际网路为基础的
philosopher n. 哲学家;哲人
★ philosophy n. 哲学;哲理;人生哲学;见解
★ philosophical adj. 哲学(上)的;冷静的
poetry n. 诗歌;诗节
★ poet n. 诗人
remains n. 剩余;残余;遗迹
★ remain v. 保持;依然;留下;剩余;逗留;残存
★ remaining adj. 剩下的;剩余的
balance v. (使)保持平衡;(用天平)称;使平衡
n. 天平;平衡;均衡
★ well-balanced adj. 均衡的
★ counterbalance n. 起平衡作用的事物;平衡力;抵消因素
※ level off 将……弄平;使平整
※ break even 不盈不亏;够本
※ steady adj. 稳定的;不变的
※ stabilize v. (使)稳定;(使)稳固
Unit 14
elite
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [ɪˈliːt] 上层人士;掌权人物;实力集团;精英
形近词:elitism
【例】[n] 精英
2007 年阅读Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months.
参考译文:如果你去查一下每一位参加了2006年世界足球锦标赛的足球运动员的出生证明,你很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象:优秀的足球运动员很可能在每年的头几个月出生,而非后几个月。
形近词
elitism [ɪˈliːˌtɪz(ə)m]
n. 精英主义;杰出人物统治论
gradual
词频 ★★★☆☆
adj. [ˈɡrædʒuəl] 逐渐的;逐步的
【例】[adj] 逐渐的
2010 年阅读Text 4
According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to ______.
[A] keep away from political influences
[B] evade the pressure from their peers
[C] act on their own in rule-setting
[D] take gradual measures in reform
参考译文:根据第四段的内容,迈克里维反对国际会计准则委员会______的意图。
[A] 远离政治影响
[B] 躲避同行压力
[C] 独自制定规则
[D] 逐渐着手改革
entrepreneur
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)] 企业家
【例】[n] 企业家
2014 年阅读Text 3
You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.
参考译文:正如古话所说,金钱买不到品味,这些暴富的企业家无法给他们的奖项买来诺贝尔奖般的声望。
colony
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [ˈkɒləni] 殖民地;(某一类人的)聚居地;聚居区
形近词:colonial
【例】[n] 殖民地
2007 年完型
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.
参考译文:到1830年,曾经的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地已然成为一个个独立的国家。
形近词
colonial [kəˈləʊniəl]
adj. 殖民地的;殖民主义的;(建筑或家具)具有英属殖民地时期特色的;美洲殖民地时期的
【例】[adj] 殖民地的;殖民主义的
2009 年阅读 text 4
According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”
参考译文:根据标准的美国哲学史记载,在殖民时期的美国,没有任何别的地方“如此重视对知识的追求”。
comply
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [kəmˈplaɪ] 服从;遵守
形近词:complicate, complicated
【例】[v] 服从;遵守
2013 年阅读Text 2
After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.
参考译文:毕竟,它(微软)也有广告生意,且声称广告生意会遵从“禁止追踪”的请求,尽管它仍在研究如何实现。
形近词
complicate [ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt]
v. 使难以理解;使复杂化
complicated [ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd]
adj. 复杂的;难懂的;难处理的
【例】[adj] 复杂的
2012 年阅读Text 3
But in the everyday practice of` science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.
参考译文:但是在日常的科研实践中,科学发现通常遵循一条模糊而复杂的路径。
contact
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [ˈkɒntækt] (尤指经常性的)联系;联络
v. [ˈkɒntækt] 联系;联络
形近词:contest
形近词
contest
[ˈkɒntest] n. 竞赛;比赛;(权力或控制权的)争夺;竞争
[kənˈtest] v. 争取赢得(选举、比赛等);角逐;争辩;对……提出异议
【例】[v] 对……提出异议(此处为contest 的过去分词作定语)
2013 年阅读Text 4
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.
参考译文:在亚利桑那州和美国(政府)的对决中,亚利桑那州提出了一项充满争议的方案,即让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法。该方案里有四项有争议的条款,其中三项被多数票否决。
补充词汇
in contact with:和……联系;与……相关
【例】与……相关
2013 年阅读Text 4
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.
参考译文:然而,法官们说,将允许亚利桑那州警方核实那些涉及执法事宜者(指移民)的身份是否合法。
historian
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [hɪˈstɔːriən] 历史学家
【例】[n] 历史学家
2008 年阅读Text 4
But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.
参考译文:不过最近,许多历史学家开始关注奴隶制在开国元勋的生活中所起的作用。
inherit
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [ɪnˈherɪt] 继承(金钱或财产);经遗传获得(特征、特质等)
形近词:inherent
【例】[v] 经遗传获得(特征、特质等)
2009 年阅读Text 2
Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.
参考译文:然而大部分的血统检测只考虑一个单一血统,要么是通过父辈遗传下来的Y染色体,要么是只能从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。
形近词
inherent [ɪnˈherənt]
adj. 固有的;内在的;生来就有的
【例】[adj] 内在的
2009 年阅读Text 2
Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing________.
[A] prevents new habits from being formed
[B] no longer emphasizes commonness
[C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode
[D] complies with the American belief system
参考译文:瑞安的评论表明,标准化测试的推行________。
[A] 阻碍了新习惯的形成
[B] 不再强调平庸
[C] 保持了美国人固有的思维方式
[D] 与美国人的信仰体系一致
privilege
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ] 特权;优待
v. [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ] 给予……特权;特免
形近词:privileged
【例】[n] 特权
2013 年阅读Text 4
The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
参考译文:唯一的主要反对意见来自于大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚。他愈发强烈地维护各州的特权,这些权力可以追溯至《客籍法和惩治叛乱法》。
形近词
privileged [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd]
adj. 享有特权的;特殊的
【例】[adj] 享有特权的
2013 年阅读Text 4
On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
参考译文:在被否决的条款中,大多数人认为国会故意“占领该领域”,亚利桑那州因此侵犯了联邦的优先权。
purchase
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [ˈpɜː(r)tʃəs] 买,购买
n. [ˈpɜː(r)tʃəs] 购买的物品
【例】[v] 买,购买
2009 年阅读Text 2
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.
参考译文:据道格·福格说,自从去年亲子鉴定包首次不用处方就可以购买以来,已有六万多人购买了这一工具包。道格·福格是辨识基因公司的首席运营官,这家公司生产非处方药。
random
词频 ★★★☆☆
adj. [ˈrændəm] 随机的;随意的;任意的
n. [ˈrændəm] 随机;随意
【例】[adj] 随意的
2011 年阅读Text 3
According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature _____.
[A] a safe business environment
[B] random competition
[C] strong user traffic
[D] flexibility in organization
参考译文:由第二段可知,“售出”媒体的特点是______。
[A] 安全的商业环境
[B] 自由竞争
[C] 强大的用户流量
[D] 组织灵活
description
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [dɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n] 描述;形容;叙述;说明;种类;类型
形近词:describe
【例】[n] 描述;形容
2011 年阅读Text 1
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
参考译文:但对于一个迄今一直由像古斯塔夫·马勒和皮埃尔·布列兹那样的音乐家指挥的乐团来说,这样描述其下一任指挥者,至少对《时代周刊》的某些读者而言,可能显得有些轻描淡写。
形近词
describe [dɪˈskraɪb]
v. 描述;记述;形容;作图
【例】[v] 描述
2013 年阅读Text 1
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.
参考译文:时装业自上而下的理念太过时了,也与伊丽莎白·克莱因在《过度着装》一书中所描写的狂热世界很不一致。该书历时三年创作完成,记述了克莱因对“快时尚”的控诉。
补充词汇
[同义词]
definition [ˌdefəˈnɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 定义;规定;明确
picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)]
n. 描述;描绘;写照
admit
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [ədˈmɪt] 让……进入;接纳;承认
形近词:admission
【例】[v] 承认
2011 年阅读Text 4
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?
参考译文:在一个如此坚持赞美生育的社会中,承认自己后悔生小孩就相当于承认自己支持杀害小猫一样,这有什么奇怪的吗?
形近词
admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 承认;入场费;进入许可;坦白
【例】[n] 进入许可
2013 年完型
The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
参考译文:这些分数随后会同申请者的研究生管理科学入学考试(满分为800分的标准化测试)成绩共同决定是否录取该申请人。
【例】[n] 进入许可
2013 年完型
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, conducted by 31 admissions officers.
参考译文:他研究了由31名招生负责人进行的9323例MBA面试结果。
adopt
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [əˈdɒpt] 采用;采纳;通过;收养;吸收
形近词:adoptive
形近词
adoptive [əˈdɒptɪv]
adj. 收养的;有收养关系的
【例】[adj] 收养的
2011 年阅读Text 4
There are also stories about newly adoptive—and newly single—mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news.
参考译文:(杂志上)也会有最近刚收养孩子——和刚刚成为单身——的妈妈桑德拉·布洛克的故事,以及那种很常见的“詹妮弗·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。
crucial
词频 ★★★☆☆
adj. [ˈkruːʃ(ə)l] 至关重要的;关键性的
【例】[adj] 至关重要的
2014 年阅读Text 1
Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.
参考译文:更糟糕的是,养活你自己和家人以及用来付账的重要收入没有了。
补充词汇
[同义词]
essential
[ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l] adj. 绝对必要的;至关重要的;基本的;本质的;根本的
[ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l] n. 必需品;不可或缺之物
【例】[adj] 至关重要的
2007 年阅读Text 4
FTC’s decision is essential to data security.
参考译文:联邦贸易委员会的决定对数据安全起着至关重要的作用。
key [kiː]
adj. 关键的;主要的
significant [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]
adj. 重要的;有意义的
decisive [dɪˈsaɪsɪv]
adj. 决定性的
[近义词]
overriding [ˌəʊvəˈraɪdɪŋ]
adj. 最重要的;高于一切的
quote
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [kwəʊt] 引用;援引
n. [kwəʊt] 引文
形近词:quotation
【例】[v] 引用
2012 年阅读Text 3
Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it ______.
[A] has attracted the attention of the general public
[B] has been examined by the scientific community
[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers
[D] has been frequently quoted by peer scientists
参考译文:第三段表明一项发现声明在_____之后变得可信。
[A] 吸引了公众的注意力
[B] 经过科学界的检验
[C] 得到编辑和评论家的认可
[D] 被同行科学家频繁地引用
形近词
quotation [kwəʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n]
n.引用;引证
补充词汇
[近义词]
cite [saɪt]
v. 引用;考证
restore
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [rɪˈstɔː(r)] 恢复;使复原;归还;交还;重建
形近词:restoration
【例】[v] 恢复;使复原
2007 年阅读Text 4
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
参考译文:当然,对于最迟钝的管理人员来说,这应该是非常明显的,即作为最珍贵的经济财产,诚信很容易遭受破坏,而要恢复诚信却代价高昂。而且对一个公司而言,没有什么比让敏感的个人信息落入不法人员之手更可能破坏诚信的了。
形近词
restoration [ˌrestəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 恢复;复位;归还
【例】[n] 恢复
2007 年阅读Text 4
According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to________.
[A] see the link between trust and data protection
[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust
参考译文:根据文章第四段,令作者困惑的是那些企业家没有________。
[A] 看到信任与数据保护之间的关联
[B] 意识到私人数据的敏感性
[C] 意识到数据修复的高额花销
[D]领会到信任的经济价值
补充词汇
[同义词]
revive [rɪˈvaɪv]
v. (使)复苏;(使)恢复;(使)再次流行;重新上演
【例】[v] (使)复苏
2010 年阅读Text 4
And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.
参考译文:并且,除非银行以吸引买家的价格承担不良资产,否则复苏银行业系统将会非常困难。
recover [rɪˈkʌvə(r)]
v.恢复;重新获得
resume [rɪˈzjuːm]
v. 重新取得;恢复(职位)
enable
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. [ɪnˈeɪb(ə)] 使能够;使成为可能;准许;许可
补充词汇
[同义词]
empower [ɪmˈpaʊə(r)]
v. 使能够;准许
permit [pə(r)ˈmɪt]
v. 许可;准许
endeavor
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [ɪnˈdevə(r)] (尤指新的或创造性事物的)努力;尝试
v. [ɪnˈdevə(r)] 努力;尽力
【例】[n] (尤指新的或创造性事物的)努力;尝试
2008 年阅读Text 2
But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
参考译文:但后果不止于此。这表明,到目前为止科学试验中很关键的一个因素发生了变化。
补充词汇
[词组]
strive for:奋斗;争取
[同义词]
essay [esˈeɪ]
v. 尝试;试验
external
词频 ★★★☆☆
adj. [ɪkˈstɜː(r)n(ə)l] 外部的;外面的;外来的
【例】[adj] 外部的
2011 年翻译
Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.
参考译文:你做出了成就是因为你本身体现着外部成就:你不是“取得”了成功,而是变成了成功。思维和物质并不割裂。
【例】[adj] 外部的;外面的
2013 年完型
At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors.
参考译文:乍一看,这或许像是个优势:有能力不受外界因素影响而做出不偏不倚的判断。
补充词汇
[反义词]
internal [ɪnˈtɜː(r)n(ə)l]
adj. 国内的;内部的
agenda
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. [əˈdʒendə] 议题;议事日程;目的;动机
【例】[n] 议题
2012 年阅读新题型
First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode.
参考译文:首先,大多数人没有意识到一些宏大的商业议题正在起作用,使人们处于被动消耗的状态。