It turns out that many companies are looking, with great success, at veterans like Lionel, both those just transitioning back to civilian life and those who have made that transition but are still looking for meaningful work. That is why the Manufacturing Institute, companies like GE, Alcoa, Boeing and Lockheed Martin, community colleges, veterans organizations, and others are launching a coalition to bolster the manufacturing talent pipeline by training veterans for jobs in advanced manufacturing. Our reason is not patriotism alone.

Manufacturing currently employs about 12 million people, and both the pay and benefits in those jobs exceed the national average. Approximately seven out of every 10 dollars of our country’s R&D investments support manufacturing. The point is that while the methods of manufacturing have changed, it remains a critical component of our country’s economic future. We know that there are 600,000 open high-tech jobs, just waiting to be filled. With transition support and training, vets can succeed in these jobs.

Manufacturers need skilled workers. More than two and a half million workers will retire in the next decade. The number has recently decreased slightly, but there are still nearly one million unemployed veterans, many of whom are young and looking to start a meaningful career. When you add the technical proficiency and the list of intangible qualities from leadership to loyalty that they bring with them to the job, veterans are a perfect fit.

The need is obvious. The challenge is matching their skills to job openings, to help them find the right jobs now. According to new research, veterans and active duty soldiers who will be soon transitioning into civilian life are confident that they can contribute. They worry, however, that they will be undervalued and that their skills may not readily transfer to the workforce.

注（1）：本文选自The New York Times；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2011年真题Text 2。



1. All of Lionel Hamilton’s deeds can best be described as being ______.

A) obedient

B) patriotic

C) impulsive

D) capable

2. According to Paragraph 3, manufacturing companies may be ready to ______.

A) hire experienced workers

B) set up new manufacturing companies

C) define advanced manufacturing today

D) train veterans to be qualified and skilled workers

3. The word “bolster” （Line 5, Paragraph 3） most probably implies that ______.

A) manufacturing is a high-income and high-profit sector

B) the coalition advocates patriotism

C) manufacturing companies support the training of veterans

D) high-tech jobs are just waiting to be filled

4. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______.

A) veterans are becoming more and more undervalued

B) intangible qualities are more valuable than technical proficiency

C) veterans are entirely optimistic to find suitable jobs

D) there are both opportunities and challenges along the road

5. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A) Manufacturing: We are ready to hire experienced workers.

B) Today’s advanced manufacturing

C) Veterans: What can we do after transition?

D) Veterans are the best choice for high-tech jobs in manufacturing.





篇章剖析


本文主要讲述了让退伍军人做高技术含量的工作的问题。第一、二段以退伍军人莱昂内尔·汉密尔顿为例，介绍了退伍军人具备过硬的技能以及高技术人才短缺的现状；第三段指出，公司希望通过培训退伍军人来支撑起制造业高端人才的培养渠道；第四、五段进一步分析了退伍军人广阔的就业前景；最后一段指出了退伍军人对于再就业的忧虑。





词汇注释


enlist /ɪnˈlɪst/ v. 从军；获得支持

mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ n. 技工，机修工

assembly /əˈsembli/ n. 装配；集会

veteran /ˈvetərən/ n. 老兵；老手

transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ v. / n. 过渡；转变

coalition /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/ n. 联合；结合

proficiency /prəˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 精通，熟练

intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/ adj. 无形的，触摸不到的

undervalued /ˌʌndəˈvæljuːd/ adj. 被低估的；贬值的；估值偏低的





难句突破


It turns out that many companies are looking, with great success, at veterans like Lionel, both those just transitioning back to civilian life and those who have made that transition but are still looking for meaningful work.

主体句式：It turns out that many companies are looking at veterans...

结构分析：该长句修饰成分较多，因此结构看似复杂。It turns out that...句式表示“结果是…”。插入语with great success作主句的伴随状语，并列连词both...and...所引导的部分为名词veterans的同位语，对退伍军人进行了补充说明，而who所连接的从句作those的定语，具体限定了退伍军人的范围。

句子译文：事实证明，很多公司都非常成功地找到了像莱昂内尔这样的退伍军人。这些人当中有的刚转业，有的已经转业却仍旧在寻找有意义的工作。





题目分析


1. D 推理题。该题目要求概括莱昂内尔·汉密尔顿的所有行为，属于总结性提问，虽然子承父业参军报国体现了一定的孝顺和爱国热情，但并不能概括他的所有行为，因此A、B选项不全面。C选项文中并未提及。只有D选项具有总括性，他能够在任何岗位上都做出成绩正说明他很有能力。故答案为D。

2. D 细节题。第三段指出，公司希望通过培训退伍军人来支撑起制造业的人才培养渠道。B、C选项文中并未提及。而A选项中雇用有经验的工人与文中培训退伍军人的说法不符，只有D选项说法正确。

3. C 细节题。bolster意为“支撑”，文中指出，这就是为什么制造业协会和通用、美铝、波音、洛克希德·马丁等公司，社区学院，退伍军人联合会以及其他机构联合的原因，他们希望通过培训退伍军人从事高端制造业来支撑起制造业人才培养渠道。A、B项与原文不符。D选项虽然说法正确但与题意不符，故答案为C。

4. D 推理题。第五段进一步分析了退伍军人广阔的就业前景和优势，最后一段指出了退伍军人对于再就业的顾虑。由原文可知A、B项的说法与原文不符。C选项中的entirely一词扩大了范围，言过其实，故排除。答案为D。

5. D 主旨题。文章重点介绍了退伍老兵从事高技术含量工作的优势，指出这是发展高端制造业和解决退伍老兵就业问题的关键。综合全文可知，D为最佳答案。





参考译文


1999年，莱昂内尔·汉密尔顿高中一毕业就追随其父亲和祖父的脚步参军报效祖国。他开始时担任直升机技师一职，直到最终成为了一名飞行员。他曾驾驶“黑鹰号”，运送士兵们脱离危险，拯救了无数人的生命。

目前，莱昂内尔仍旧从事着与飞行器有关的工作。今天，他正在俄亥俄州皮布尔斯监管通用喷气发动机实验设备的装配工作。他也做其他一些事情。在关于如何构建可持续发展的美国经济的辩论中，他正在回答一个关键问题。这个问题不是公司是否会再次招聘，无论大型的还是小型的制造公司都会招聘。而是，在以高科技工作定义先进制造业的今天，这些公司去哪里找合格的、技术过硬的工人，来胜任这些高技术含量的工作。

事实证明，很多公司都非常成功地找到了像莱昂内尔这样的退伍军人。这些人当中有的刚转业，有的已经转业却仍旧在寻找有意义的工作。这就是为什么制造业协会和通用、美铝、波音、洛克希德·马丁等公司，社区学院，退伍军人联合会以及其他机构联合的原因，他们希望通过培训退伍军人从事高端制造业来支撑起制造业人才培养渠道。我们这样做并不仅仅是因为爱国。

目前制造业雇用了大约1200万人，这些工作给受雇者带来的收入和补助金超过了国家平均水平。约70%的国家科研投资都被用来支持制造业的发展。问题是尽管制造方式已经改变，它依然是关乎国家经济前景的关键部分。我们知道有60万个高科技类工作岗位有待填补。通过转业支持和培训，退伍军人可以胜任这些工作。

制造商需要技术型人才。在未来十年，将有超过250万工人退休。虽然这一数字最近有小幅下降，但是我们还有将近100万未就业的退伍军人，他们大多年富力强并期望找到一份有意义的工作。当你把技术娴熟度和他们所具备的一系列的无形品质（无论是领导力还是忠诚度）加在一起的时候，你会发现退伍军人是最适合这些工作的人选。

需求是显而易见的。目前的挑战是将他们的技能和空缺岗位对号入座，帮助他们找到合适的工作。最新调查显示，退伍军人和一些快要转业的现役士兵都坚信自己能够做出贡献。但是，他们也担心自己的价值会被低估，而且自己的技能也许不会很容易就转化为劳动力。





Unit 13


As a track star in high school, Sallie Krawcheck ranked among her state’s best at the high jump. ① But she hasn’t jumped for anyone since, and her unshakable independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston, S.C., in the 1970s. Then, Krawcheck—always an outstanding student—thought mostly of cheerleading and “dating the coolest boy,” she acknowledges. “She was in danger of becoming terminally cute,” recalls her high school guidance counselor, Nancy Wise, who recognized Krawcheck’s potential early and stoked her business ambitions. Today Krawcheck, 37, is one of the most powerful women in the corporate world and a rising star.

② How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm’s reputation—and its stock. Krawcheck was hired in October from the independent stock-research firm Sanford C. Bernstein（where she was CEO）to be Citi’s designated savior. Citigroup’s proud CEO, Sanford Weill, personally wooed her, reorganizing a large chunk of Citi around her. Krawcheck is now CEO of a reconstituted Smith Barney, which encompasses Citi’s stock-research and retail-brokerage operations.

This large stage leaves Krawcheck outwardly undaunted. She’s relaxed and confident, with a self-deprecating sense of humor. She says she’s “incredibly insecure,” and has had nightmares in which she fails to win the respect of her new colleagues. But this soft-spoken humility belies a toughness present from the start. Daughter of a lawyer and sister of three more, Krawcheck learned early on to substantiate her assertions—or keep quiet.

“It used to get quite interesting around the dinner table,” says her father Lenny, who practices law in Charleston. “Politics, relationships—you name it. It was every man for himself and awful tough to make your point.” says jokes Sallie, “None of us could get a friend to come over for dinner.”

Krawcheck earned a journalism degree from the University of North Carolina and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. She went to work at Salomon Brothers but soon moved to Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, where she met her husband Gary Appel. In 1994 Krawcheck moved to Bernstein and dived into stock research. She began covering financial-services firms in 1997 and immediately became the most influential analyst in that field. During those years, Krawcheck earned Weill’s ire—and respect when she was later proved correct—by dwelling on the pitfalls of Weill’s acquisition of Salomon.

注（1）：本文选自Time；

注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2003年真题Text 2。



1. The author begins his article by ______.

A) making a comparison

B) posing a contrast

C) justifying an assumption

D) explaining a phenomenon

2. Krawcheck was chosen the CEO of Smith Barney because ______.

A) the CEO of Citigroup trusted her

B) she was thought to be able to save Citigroup out of trouble

C) she has wonderful experience in this field

D) she is the new rising star

3. Krawcheck’s success depends on ______.

A) how well she can regain the firm’s reputation

B) how well she can save the firm’s credibility crisis

C) how well she can raise the firm’s stock

D) krawcheck’s family members discuss she can fulfill her own plan and aim

4. The previous days Krawcheck spent at home are mentioned to show that ______.

A) Krawcheck knows well how to prove her ideas

B) family members are always on different sides

C) there is an air of freedom at Krawcheck’s home

D) family members discuss a variety of topics at dinner

5. From the text we learn that Krawcheck is ______.

A) humorous

B) soft-hearted

C) sensitive

D) strong-minded





篇章剖析


本文记述了萨莉·克劳切克成功的职业生涯。第一段指出中学时代的克劳切克就相当出色，今天的她更是出类拔萃；第二段指出她临危受命，担任花旗集团新组建的史密斯·巴尼公司首席执行官；第三段和第四段介绍了她的性格以及家庭对她的影响；第五段介绍了她辉煌的从业经历。





词汇注释


stoke /stəʊk/ vt. 添加燃料拨旺（炉火）；激发

credibility gap 信用差距

put (cast) a cloud over(on/upon) 在…上投下一层阴影

woo /wuː/ vt. 追逐；争取，努力说服；求爱

belie /bɪˈlai/ vt. 掩饰；使人对…误解；证明…虚假；辜负

early on 在早期

substantiate /sʌbsˈtænʃɪeɪt/ vt. 证明；使…具体化；使成为现实

assertion /əˈsɜːʃən/ n. 主张，要求，断言

stand to one’s assertion 坚持己见

for oneself 为自己；代表自己；独自地

ire /ˈaɪə(r)/ n. 愤怒，怒火

dwell on 细想；详述

pitfall /ˈpɪtfɔːl/ n. 陷阱，圈套；隐藏的危险；易犯的错误





难句突破


① But she hasn’t jumped for anyone since, and her unshakable independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston, S.C., in the 1970s.

主体句式：She hasn’t jumped for anyone since, and her independence has propelled her career to heights...

结构分析：本句由and引导的两个并列分句组成。在这个句子中，注意propel的用法：propel sb. to do sth.，意思是“促使、推动某人做某事”；unimaginable to a girl作后置定语来修饰heights；coming of age作后置定语修饰a girl，其中age的意思是“成年”。

句子译文：但她从那以后再也没有为任何人跳过，凭借着她那份不可动摇的独立个性，她在华尔街的职业生涯达到了一个受人瞩目的高度，这对于一个在20世纪70年代才步入成年之列的南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿少女来说简直是不可思议。

② How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm’s reputation—and its stock.

主体句式：How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge.

结构分析：从句how far she climbs作句子主语；从句how well she meets... challenge作动词短语depend on的宾语；closing the credibility gap是challenge的同位语，其中credibility gap的意思是“信用差距”，put a cloud over的意思是“在…上投下一层阴影”。

句子译文：她能取得多大的成就取决于她如何迎接她的最新挑战：缩小财政服务巨人花旗集团的信用差距。由于政府的调查，该集团的名誉——及其股票——都被笼罩上了一层阴影。





题目分析


1. A 细节题。文章中提到高中时代的克劳切克和今天的克劳切克都是相当成功的。

2. B 细节题。原文对应信息在第二段：“Krawcheck was hired in October from the independent stock-research firm Sanford C. Bernstein（where she was CEO）to be Citi’s designated savior.”

3. B 细节题。原文对应信息在第二段：“How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm’s reputation—and its stock.”本句的分析请参见难句突破。

4. A 细节题。第三段最后一句指出“Daughter of a lawyer and sister of three more, Krawcheck learned early on to substantiate her assertions—or keep quiet.”然后作者在第四段给出克劳切克的父亲和她本人的感受，来进一步说明这一句话。

5. D 推理题。原文对应信息在第三段：“But this soft-spoken humility belies a toughness present from the start.”





参考译文


作为高中时代的径赛明星，萨莉·克劳切克曾名列她所在州跳高运动员的榜首。但她从那以后再也没有为任何人跳过，凭借着她那份不可动摇的独立个性，她在华尔街的职业生涯达到了一个受人瞩目的高度，这对于一个在20世纪70年代才步入成年之列的南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿少女来说简直是不可思议。学生时代一贯杰出的克劳切克承认说，当时主要想的就是如何带领拉拉队和“约会最酷的男孩”。很早就意识到她的潜能并激发她商业雄心的高中指导顾问南希·怀斯回忆说：“她极有可能成为绝顶聪明之人。”今天，37岁的克劳切克是商界最强有力的女人之一，是一颗冉冉升起的明星。

她能取得多大的成就取决于她如何迎接她的最新挑战：缩小财政服务巨人花旗集团的信用差距。由于政府的调查，该集团的名誉——及其股票——都被笼罩上了一层阴影。克劳切克是10月从独立的股票研究公司——桑福德·伯恩斯坦公司（在这家公司她是首席执行官）被招聘至花旗集团，并被赋予救星的使命。花旗集团高傲的首席执行官桑福德·韦尔亲自邀请她，并且将花旗集团的一大块业务以她为核心进行重组。克劳切克现在是重组后的史密斯·巴尼公司（其中包括花旗集团的股票研究和零售经纪业务）的首席执行官。

这个大舞台并没有让克劳切克心存胆怯。她显得轻松自如且胸有成竹，带有几分自嘲式的幽默感。她说她感到“难以置信地没有把握”，常常做噩梦，梦见她得不到新同事的尊敬。但是这种说起话来让人感到温柔可亲的谦卑掩饰了她一开始就有的坚韧。作为律师的女儿并有三个做律师的姊妹，克劳切克很早就学会了如何证实自己的主张——或保持镇静。

“过去围坐餐桌就餐是相当有趣的，”她在查尔斯顿当律师的父亲伦尼这样说。“政治、男女关系，你想到的我们都谈。每个人都有自己的观点，要想说服别人着实很困难。”萨莉开玩笑说，“我们谁也不可能邀请朋友来吃饭。”

克劳切克先后获得北卡罗来纳州立大学的新闻学学士学位和哥伦比亚大学的工商管理硕士学位。她到萨洛蒙兄弟公司工作，但很快就转到帝杰公司工作，在那儿她遇见了她的丈夫加里·阿普尔。1994年，克劳切克转入伯恩斯坦公司，此后便一头扎进股票研究工作。1997年，她开始涉足金融服务公司，很快便成为该领域最有影响力的分析家。在那几年中，克劳切克对韦尔收购萨洛蒙公司的错误做法进行了详细评述，这激起了韦尔的愤怒，同时也赢得了他的尊重，因为后来的发展证明她是正确的。