1. The word “forgoing” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means _____.

[A] refusing

[B] reserving

[C] withdrawing

[D] considering

2. What Mr. Löscher will probably do to the three divisions he has unveiled?

[A] He will transfer them to other companies.

[B] He will downsize the executive board of the three divisions.

[C] He will recombine them into large division.

[D] It is not mentioned in the passage.

3. Mr. Löscher wants to register Siemens as an SE instead of an AG because _____.

[A] he aims to cut the number of German representatives in the supervisory board

[B] he seeks to centralize the conglomerate

[C] he wants to include multiple voices of the employees so as to enhance the democracy of the decision-making

[D] he strives to transform the company into a more international one

4. Towards the future of Siemens, the author's attitude can be said to be _____.

[A] optimistic

[B] pessimistic

[C] neutral

[D] unclear

5. By the close relationship between Mr. Löscher and Paul Achleitner, the author wants to imply that _____.

[A] Siemens will gain great support from Allianz

[B] Mr. Löscher made the decision to have a change under the influence of his friend

[C] Mr. Löscher wanted switch Siemens into an insurer in the future

[D] Mr. Löscher greatly valued his friend's sugges-tion





文章剖析


这篇文章主要介绍了西门子公司新任首席执行官进行的一些改革举措。第一段讲述新任首席执行官缩编公司的计划和西门子受罚的情况；第二段讲述西门子过往的案件给公司造成了巨大损失，而目前的改革可能会成为公司发展的转折点；第三段讲述目前公司还是被许多法律案件纠缠；第四段讲述分析家们认为西门子经历这些事件后会更加成功；第五段讲述新任首席执行官对于要精简的部门采取的措施；第六段讲述首席执行官采取各种措施以精简管理委员会。





词汇注释


truncate vt. 删减，截短

scourge n. 惩罚，灾难

deduct vt. 扣除

forensic adj. 法院的

welter n. 起伏，翻滚

vet vt. 审查

chummy adj. 关系亲密的





难句突破


① Last November police raided Siemens's offices, starting a scourge on bribery which so far has cost the company its chairman, its chief executive, another board member and its chief compliance officer, as well as at least €239m in fines and €179m in tax liabilities (the bribes had been deducted).

主体句式：Last November police raided Siemens' officers...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，starting...是句子的伴随状语；在这个伴随状语中，which引导的定语从句修饰前面的scourge。

句子译文：去年11月，警察突然搜查了西门子的办公室，开始了一场关于行贿受贿审查的责难，到目前为止已导致该公司的主席、首席执行官、董事会另一个成员和其首席监察官都被罢免，罚金最少有2.39亿欧元，还有1.79亿欧元的税收债务（贿赂金已经扣除）。

② Legal proceedings in America alone could cost Siemens billions of dollars, say analysts, although Siemens argues in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC that its “consolidated financial position should not be materially affected” by the welter of litigation.

主体句式：Legal proceedings... could cost..., say analysts...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，宾语从句被say analysts分割为两个并列句，在后面的分句中，that引导的是宾语从句，in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC是状语。

句子译文：分析家称，仅在美国的法律诉讼就要耗费西门子几十亿美元，虽然最近与安全与证券委员会进行的季度档案整理中，西门子认为其“巩固的金融地位不应当因为不断的诉讼而受到实质性影响”。





题目分析


1. The word “forgoing” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means _____.

[A] refusing

[B] reserving

[C] withdrawing

[D] considering

1. forgoing这个词（第一段第五行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 拒绝

[B] 保留

[C] 撤销

[D] 考虑

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，西门子已经接受了罚金，而从文章其余部分来看，它也比较积极地处理了这些法律纠纷。因此，最有可能的就是它放弃了申诉的权利。所以，答案为C。

2. What Mr. Löscher will probably do to the three divisions he has unveiled?

[A] He will transfer them to other companies.

[B] He will downsize the executive board of the three divisions.

[C] He will recombine them into large division.

[D] It is not mentioned in the passage.

2. Löscher先生对于自己公布的三个部门将会采取什么措施？

[A] 他将会把三个部门转让给其他公司。

[B] 他将缩小三个部门的执行董事会。

[C] 他将把它们合并为一个大部门。

[D] 文章中没有提及。

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。关于对三个部门的处置，在第五段中提到，并不一定会出售那些不适合的企业，而根据第一段，这三个部门肯定是要裁减掉的，但是具体以哪种方式来操作文章中并未提及，因此，答案为D。

3. Mr. Löscher wants to register Siemens as an SE instead of an AG because _____.

[A] he aims to cut the number of German representatives in the supervisory board

[B] he seeks to centralize the conglomerate

[C] he wants to include multiple voices of the employees so as to enhance the democracy of the decision-making

[D] he strives to transform the company into a more international one

3. Löscher先生想要把西门子公司注册为SE而不是德国合资公司，是因为 _____。

[A] 他的目的在于减少德国籍代表在监管委员会中的席位

[B] 他希望将集中控制西门子公司

[C] 他希望能够听到雇员不同的声音，以便加强决策的民主化

[D] 他努力想把公司变得更加国际化

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。最后一段提到，他想改变公司性质，这样就需要更为精简的监管委员会，德国工人的代表减少了，这与第一段他提到的权力集中化是一致的。因此，其目的还是要集中控制西门子，所以选项B是正确答案。选项A只是他的一个做法，但不是最终目的。选项C和D只是其集中控制的一些步骤，并不是终极目的，因此也都不是正确选项。

4. Towards the future of Siemens, the author's attitude can be said to be _____.

[A] optimistic

[B] pessimistic

[C] neutral

[D] unclear

4. 对于西门子的未来，作者的态度可以说是 _____。

[A] 乐观的

[B] 悲观的

[C] 中立的

[D] 不清楚的

答案：C　难度系数：☆

分析：态度题。从全文来看，作者比较客观地描述了目前西门子的状况，但对于未来并没有具体的态度表述。因此，答案为C。

5. By the close relationship between Mr. Löscher and Paul Achleitner, the author wants to imply that _____.

[A] Siemens will gain great support from Allianz

[B] Mr. Löscher made the decision to have a change under the influence of his friend

[C] Mr. Löscher wanted switch Siemens into an insurer in the future

[D] Mr. Löscher greatly valued his friend's suggestion

5. 作者提到Löscher先生和Paul Achleitner关系密切，是为了说明 _____。

[A] 西门子将从Allianz那里获得很大的支持

[B] Löscher先生是受到朋友的影响才决定要改革的

[C] Löscher先生想在未来把西门子转变为一个保险公司

[D] Löscher先生非常重视朋友的建议

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章最后提到了Allianz已经进行了这样的改革，而Löscher和该公司管理委员会成员的关系好，而且最近一直在一起，那么可以推断，Löscher做出的一些改革决定可能就是受到他的影响。因此，选项B最为符合题意。





参考译文


Peter Löscher是世界最大的电器公司之一——西门子的首席执行官中第一位行外人，他上任的前三个月就是在公司内巡视、倾听。10月4日，他宣布计划集中控制公司，将九个部门缩减为三个，并缩小11人的执行委员会，这也将减少公司各地经理的权利。同一天，西门子接受了慕尼黑一家法庭的2.1亿欧元（合2.85亿美元）的罚金，原因是其通信部门行贿受贿。目前西门子已经放弃了上诉的权利。

这种巧合是公司改变企业文化和抛弃过往丑闻的转折点。去年11月，警察突然搜查了西门子的办公室，开始了一场关于行贿受贿审查的责难，到目前为止已导致该公司的主席、首席执行官、董事会另一个成员和其首席监察官被罢免，罚金最少有2.39亿欧元，还有1.79亿欧元的税收债务（贿赂金已经扣除）。除此之外，截至6月30日的九个月内，法律费用和行外通知的账单已经达到1.88亿欧元。

该事件也耗费了大量的管理时间。一家美国法律公司Debevoise & Plimpton和来自Deloitte的法院审计员还在继续审查公司，试图找出更多不规范的证据。在美国，司法部进行两项调查，安全与证券委员会也在调查腐败事件。分析家称，仅在美国的法律诉讼就要耗费西门子几十亿美元，虽然最近与安全与证券委员会进行的季度档案整理中，西门子认为其“巩固的金融地位不应当因为不断的诉讼而受到实质性影响”。

分析家断言，西门子不仅会安然度过困境，而且还会从这次剧变中受益。“美国与之相似的公司已经经历过这些了，法国的Alstom和瑞典的ABB也都经历过，之后它们都变得更为强大，运营也更加成功。”投资银行Dresdner Kleinwort的James Stettler这样说。

Löscher先生公布的缩减后的三个部门是能源产品部门（如电力涡轮和传导设备）、基础设施部门（如工厂和火车）以及卫生保健部门（如MRI扫描仪和其他智能医疗用具）。但这并不代表Löscher先生会将不适合的企业卖掉，如灯泡制造商欧思朗以及和博世合资的家用电器公司BSH、诺基亚西门子网络（最近为建立电信基础设施而成立的）等。

公司的监督管理委员会将于11月28日审查这些改革计划。Löscher先生面临的最大困难在于要获得改革计划的批准，而改革计划将影响德国工人，这些工人的代表占到20个监督管理委员会成员的一半。但是如果解决了这个问题，Löscher先生的下一个议题可能就是将西门子注册为Societas Europaea，而不是德国合资公司。这就需要更为精简的监督管理委员会，减少德国工人的代表，而给海外员工更多的发言机会。德国企业的其他代表，其中最为有名的就是西门子在慕尼黑的邻居大保险公司Allianz，已经开始进行这些改变。Löscher和Allianz管理委员会的成员Paul Achleitner关系甚好，此人为奥地利人，Löscher最近与他一起待了三个月。





Unit 15


TEXT ONE


Albert Ellis, who died last month at age 93, believed that psychotherapy should be short term, goal-oriented, and efficient; his method, introduced in 1955 and now known as rational emotive behavior therapy, is one of the foundations of today's cognitive-behavioral therapy.

The theory: Irrational ways of thinking underlie most psychological conditions, and patients can get better by tackling these skewed thinking patterns, correcting them, and developing new ones. In a 2006 survey of social workers and psychologists conducted by Psychotherapy Networker in partnership with Joan Cook, an adjunct assistant professor of medical psychology at Columbia University, over 60 percent said that they employ cognitive-behavioral techniques in their work.

“What cognitive therapy does is focus on the present,” says Judith Beck, director of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research outside Philadelphia. Beck is the daughter of Aaron Beck, who developed his own form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, simply called cognitive therapy, in the early 1960s when he was a psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania. Rather than exploring in depth the issues surrounding a patient's childhood, dreams, past relationships, and life experiences—essential in Freudian psychoanalysis—the short-term cognitive approach focuses on developing skills the patient can use to “have a better week”. Cognitive therapists may go into those deeper issues if necessary, but “the goal is not insight alone but also practical problem solving and symptom reduction,” says Beck.

Techniques used to that end may include weighing evidence to evaluate whether a patient's self-image is skewed, developing a more realistic worldview, prioritizing problems, and setting an agenda for dealing with them. According to research by Aaron Beck and others, cognitive therapy is as effective as antidepressants in initially treating mild, moderate, and severe depression, and patients who had used cognitive therapy and stopped were less likely to relapse than those who stopped medication. Cognitive therapy has also been shown to decrease the risk for repeated suicide attempts in seriously depressed patients.

REBT, on the other hand, focuses on “disputing irrational beliefs”, as Ellis's disciplines put it, or directly confronting and challenging a patient's thoughts about a situation. The method is used to treat the spectrum of psychological problems, from depression and anxiety to post-traumatic stress disorder. Therapists may draw from the wider tradition of cognitive-behavioral methods, but they owe an intellectual debt to Albert Ellis whenever they dispute a patient's irrational beliefs. Though that approach has gained a reputation for confrontation and tough-mindedness, Kristene Doyle, associate executive director of the Albert Ellis Institute in New York City and a clinical psychologist specializing in REBT, says that collaboration between the therapist and patient, a patient's complete self-acceptance, and the therapist's unconditional acceptance of the patient are also essential to REBT.

Some psychotherapists see cognitive-behavioral therapies as too simplistic—approaches that ignore the complexities of a typical patient's problems. Today, many therapists use a combination approach, integrating both psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral techniques to suit patient needs. “Practicing therapists [are] often happy to have more than one way to think about somebody,” says Nancy McWilliams, president of the division of psychoanalysis at the American Psychological Association. Adds Jonathan Slavin, who teaches psychology at Harvard Medical School and is founding president of the Massachusetts Institute for Psychoanalysis: “There's considerable evidence that all psychotherapy is effective. All versions [that] provide people with a relationship that includes any kind of empathy and understanding change the actual workings of the brain.”

1. The passage mainly talks about _____.

[A] different psychotherapies to treat psychological problems

[B] the brief history of cognitive-behavioral therapy's development

[C] different branches of cognitive-behavioral therapy

[D] the approach of the cognitive-behavioral therapies

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the comparison of cognitive therapy approach and Freudian psychoanalysis?

[A] Both of them aim to probe into the deeper issues for an insight of the patient's mind.

[B] Cognitive therapy approach is more effective than Freudian psychoanalysis in analyzing patients' symptoms.

[C] Cognitive therapy approach focuses on more present psychological condition of patients than Freudian psychoanalysis.

[D] Cognitive therapy approach pays more attentions to immediate efficiency.

3. The word “disputing” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.

[A] denying

[B] debating

[C] opposing

[D] resisting

4. The difference of cognitive therapy and REBT lies in that _____.

[A] the basic theoretical principles that they adopt differ from each other

[B] REBT pays more attention to the collaboration between the therapist and patient

[C] cognitive therapy is more constructive and effective than REBT in terms of curing different levels of depression

[D] REBT is more widely applicable than cognitive therapy given its wide reputation and innovative methods

5. A combination approach of treating psychopath is chosen by many therapists rather than cognitive-behavioral therapies because _____.

[A] cognitive-behavioral therapies are not so effective as the combination approach

[B] the combination approach could treat patients more comprehensively

[C] the combination approach is more down to earth than cognitive-behavioral therapies

[D] the combination approach is easier to grasp than cognitive-behavioral therapies





文章剖析


这篇文章主要介绍了治疗心理疾病的认知疗法。第一段讲述Albert Ellis是认知疗法的鼻祖；第二段讲述该疗法的理论；第三段讲述认知疗法的主要特点；第四段讲述其具体的治疗方法；第五段讲述REBT方法的特点；第六段讲述一些精神治疗医师采取了综合疗法。





词汇注释


psychotherapy n. 精神疗法，心理疗法

skewed adj. 偏离的，歪斜的

antidepressant n. 抗抑郁药

relapse vi. 旧病复发

post-traumatic adj. 创伤后的





难句突破


① Beck is the daughter of Aaron Beck, who developed his own form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, simply called cognitive therapy, in the early 1960s when he was a psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania.

主体句式：Beck is the daughter of...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，who引导的定语从句用来修饰Aaron Beck；在该定语从句中，分词结构simple called...用来修饰cognitive-behavioral therapy；when引导的是时间状语从句。

句子译文：Beck是Aaron Beck的女儿，Aaron Beck于20世纪60年代初发明了自己的认知行为疗法模式，简称认知疗法，当时他还是宾夕法尼亚大学的一名心理治疗医师。

② Though that approach has gained a reputation for confrontation and tough-mindedness, Kristene Doyle, associate executive director of the Albert Ellis Institute in New York City and a clinical psychologist specializing in REBT, says that collaboration between the therapist and patient, a patient's complete self-acceptance, and the therapist's unconditional acceptance of the patient are also essential to REBT.

主体句式：Though that approach has gained..., Kristene Doyle, ... says that...

结构分析：这是一个并列句，在后面的分句中，associate executive...作Kristene Doyle的同位语；that引导的是宾语从句。

句子译文：虽然该疗法因为对抗性和严格而闻名，但是纽约市Albert Ellis研究所执行主任及REBT临床心理学者Kristene Doyle说，医生和患者之间的协作、患者完全的自我接受以及医生无条件地接受患者，对于REBT也是非常重要的。





题目分析


1. The passage mainly talks about _____.

[A] different psychotherapies to treat psychological problems

[B] the brief history of cognitive-behavioral therapy's development

[C] different branches of cognitive-behavioral therapy

[D] the approach of the cognitive-behavioral therapies

1. 这篇文章主要讲述了 _____。

[A] 治疗心理问题的不同精神疗法

[B] 认知行为疗法发展的简短历史

[C] 认知行为疗法的不同分支