[D] 认知行为疗法的治疗方法

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：主旨题。这篇文章主要讲述了认知疗法，具体包括其理论基础以及采取的方法等等，选项D最为符合题意。文章从第三段开始的主要内容分别是：第三段讲述认知疗法的主要特点就是着眼于当前；第四段讲述具体的治疗方法；第五段讲述REBT方法的特点；第六段讲述一些精神治疗医师采取了综合疗法，因此答案显而易见。

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the comparison of cognitive therapy approach and Freudian psychoanalysis?

[A] Both of them aim to probe into the deeper issues for an insight of the patient's mind.

[B] Cognitive therapy approach is more effective than Freudian psychoanalysis in analyzing patients' symptoms.

[C] Cognitive therapy approach focuses on more present psychological condition of patients than Freudian psychoanalysis.

[D] Cognitive therapy approach pays more attentions to immediate efficiency.

2. 关于对认知疗法和弗洛伊德心理分析的比较，下列哪项陈述是正确的？

[A] 它们都探索深层次的东西来洞悉病人的心理。

[B] 认知疗法在分析病人的症状方面要比弗洛伊德心理分析更加有效。

[C] 认知疗法比弗洛伊德心理分析疗法更注重病人当前的心理条件。

[D] 认知疗法更注重短期的效果。

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。根据第三段，认知疗法更加注重的是目前，强调马上可以取得的效果，而弗洛伊德心理分析法更注重理论分析。因此，选项D最为符合题意。

3. The word “disputing” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.

[A] denying

[B] debating

[C] opposing

[D] resisting

3. disputing这个词（第五段第一行） 最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 否定

[B] 争论

[C] 反对

[D] 阻止

答案：D　难度系数：☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，REBT关注“阻止非理性信念”，或者说是对患者对于某个环境发起直接的反抗或挑战，选项中只有D是“阻止”的意思，是正确答案。

4. The difference of cognitive therapy and REBT lies in that _____.

[A] the basic theoretical principles that they adopt differ from each other

[B] REBT pays more attention to the collaboration between the therapist and patient

[C] cognitive therapy is more constructive and effective than REBT in terms of curing different levels of depression

[D] REBT is more widely applicable than cognitive therapy given its wide reputation and innovative methods

4. 认知疗法和REBT的不同之处在于 _____。

[A] 采取了不同的理论原理

[B] REBT更注重临床医生和病人之间的协作

[C] 认知疗法在治疗不同等级的抑郁症方面比REBT更具有建设性，也更有效

[D] 由于其广泛的声誉和创新的方法，REBT比认知疗法更加广泛地被公众接受

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第五段的开头：REBT, on the other hand, focuses on “disputing irrational beliefs”, as Ellis's disciplines put it, or directly confronting and challenging a patient's thoughts about a situation. 说明REBT采用的原理是对抗患者关于某个情况的想法，这个跟认知疗法是不同的，因此正确答案为A。B是较强的干扰选项，虽然该段结尾提到了collaboration between the therapist and patient，但不是针对与认知疗法的对比提出来的，因而不如选项A准确。选项C在文章中没有提及，而选项D文中也没有对应谈到REBT比认知疗法更加广泛地被公众接受的内容。

5. A combination approach of treating psychopath is chosen by many therapists rather than cognitive-behavioral therapies because _____.

[A] cognitive-behavioral therapies are not so effective as the combination approach

[B] the combination approach could treat patients more comprehensively

[C] the combination approach is more down to earth than cognitive-behavioral therapies

[D] the combination approach is easier to grasp than cognitive-behavioral therapies

5. 许多心理医师都采取了一种组合方法而不是认知行为疗法来治疗精神病患者，因为 _____。

[A] 认知行为疗法没有组合方法那么有效

[B] 组合方法可以更为彻底地治疗患者

[C] 组合方法比认知行为疗法更为实际

[D] 组合方法比认知行为疗法更容易掌握

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆

分析：细节题。根据最后一段，许多心理医师采取了组合方法，是觉得认知行为疗法忽视了患者病情的复杂性，因此结合了其他方法，目的是为了更加彻底地对患者进行治疗。选项B最为符合题意。





参考译文


Albert Ellis于上个月去世，享年93岁。他认为精神疗法应当是短期的、有明确目标而且富有成效的。他发明的疗法于1955年问世，即现在所说的理性感情行为疗法，该疗法是当今认知行为疗法的基础之一。

该疗法的理论为：非理性的思维方式是大多数心理问题的原因所在，患者可以通过应对和纠正思维模式偏差、形成新的思维模式来使病情好转。精神疗法网络与哥伦比亚大学临床心理学助理教授Joan Cook合作，于2006年对社会工作者和心理学家进行了一次调查，结果发现，有60%的人认为他们在自己的工作中用到了认知行为技巧。

“认知疗法主要是针对目前。”位于费城郊区的Beck认知治疗和研究所主任Judith Beck这样说。Beck是Aaron Beck的女儿，Aaron Beck于20世纪60年代初发明了自己的认知行为疗法模式，简称认知疗法，当时他还是宾夕法尼亚大学的一名心理治疗医师。这种短期的认知疗法不去深入探究患者的童年、梦境、过去的关系以及生活经历（这些是弗洛伊德心理分析的基本方法），而是关注研究患者可以采取的某些技巧，从而“使患者一周能过得较好”。认知临床医师只在必需的时候才去研究深层次的东西，但是“目的不只是了解，还要找到解决问题的实际方法和减轻症状的方法。”Beck说道。

针对这个目的采取的方法包括：根据一些迹象判断患者的自我形象是否歪曲、形成更现实的世界观、将问题按轻重缓急分级、确定解决问题的日程表等。Aaron Beck和其他人的研究表明，认知疗法在最初治疗轻微、中度和严重的抑郁症方面，和抗抑郁药的效果差不多，接受过认知疗法并停止治疗的患者比那些停用药物的患者复发的几率要小一些。认知疗法被证明可以减少严重抑郁症患者反复自杀的企图。

而REBT致力于“阻止非理性信念”，即对患者对于某个情况的想法发起直接的反抗或挑战，Ellis的理论这样认为。该方法用于治疗一系列的心理问题，从抑郁、焦虑到创伤后紊乱。医师可能从认知行为方法更为广泛的传统中汲取了许多经验，但是他们在阻止患者的非理性信念时，主要还是使用了Albert Ellis的方法。虽然该疗法因为对抗性和严格而闻名，但是纽约市Albert Ellis研究所执行主任及REBT临床心理学者Kristene Doyle说，医生和患者之间的协作、患者完全的自我接受以及医生无条地的接受患者，对于REBT也是非常重要的。

一些精神治疗医师认为，认知行为疗法过于简单，忽视了典型病人问题的复杂性。当前，许多医生都采用了一种混合方法，将心理分析和认知行为技术结合起来，根据患者的需求进行治疗。“在职医师往往愿意利用多种方法来分析患者。”美国心理协会心理分析部主任Nancy McWilliams说。麻省心理分析研究所首任主任、目前在哈佛大学医学院任教的Jonathan Slavin说：“有足够的证据表明，所有的心理疗法都是有效的，所有为患者提供了移情或是理解的疗法，都改变了大脑的实际工作方法。”





TEXT TWO


When Digicel, an Irish mobile-phone operator, decided to invest heavily in Haiti last year, it raised eyebrows. How on earth did Digicel's maverick owner, Dennis O'Brien, hope to make money in such a poor country? “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that,” says Mr. O'Brien. Sure enough, Digicel signed up new customers so fast that the company had to rewrite its business plan after the first week. After just 15 months it has signed up 1.7m customers, compared with the 1m shared by its two rivals, Comcel and Haitel. Digicel's assault on Haiti is only the latest in a series of Caribbean conquests. Since the company set up in Jamaica in April 2001 it has established a presence in 22 markets in the region and has amassed some 5m customers. Mr. O'Brien says he has invested $1.9 billion in total, including $260m in Haiti.

Digicel has prospered by introducing modern technology and innovative services into stodgy, uncompetitive markets. Its entry into Jamaica led to drastic reductions in prices and showed the region just how much it stood to gain from liberalisation. Digicel used a similar recipe in Haiti. “We floored prices and gave people a better service,” says Mr. O'Brien. Prepaid billing, based on top-up cards, makes phones more affordable to those outside the business and political elites. Digicel has also introduced novel twists of its own, such as the ability to send free “call me” text messages to other people.

But some analysts predict the company's rapid growth may now have peaked. Competition is heating up as operators in Latin America, where growth is now slowing, look to new markets in the Caribbean and Central America. In particular, América Móvil, the world's fifth-largest mobile operator, announced its intention in August to buy Oceanic Digital, a small Jamaican phone company that operates under the MiPhone brand. América Móvil has 140m customers in Mexico, Brazil, Colombia and the United States. Jamaica would be its third Caribbean market. It already has operations in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Like Digicel, it relies on strong branding, modern technology and cut-price tariffs.

América Móvil's move looks like retaliation after Digicel began operations in El Salvador. Digicel has also acquired a licence in Guatemala, and says it is looking next at Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. A price war in Jamaica could be bad for Cable & Wireless, a British firm that operates several networks in the Caribbean. It is hoping that its ability to offer both fixed and wireless services will prove to be an advantage. Whether or not that turns out to be so, consumers will benefit from the increased competition.

Digicel's critics say it has used underhand tactics, such as giving away free phones to journalists, and breaking industry rules by treating Haiti as part of Jamaica in order to offer cheap roaming. Haiti's regulator, Conatel, found Digicel to be in violation of international standards, but was overruled by the government. Such rulings have also led to allegations that Digicel has undue political influence in some markets.

But officials deny any impropriety and credit Digicel with making the market more affordable for Haiti's poor majority. “Haiti needs more foreign investment like this, both for the jobs and for the ‘best practices’ business models that it injects into this antiquated, non-customer-friendly business environment,” says a senior Haitian official.

1. In the first sentence of the first paragraph, “it raised eyebrows” means that _____.

[A] Digicel thought highly of the future profit

[B] Digicel was confident that it could make a success

[C] Haiti was surprised at Digicel's plan

[D] Haiti was happy about Digicel's decision

2. Which one of the following is NOT true of the mobile service of Digicel in Haiti?

[A] Innovative services include providing customers with a series of free text messages.

[B] The poor people will pay for the services in advance.

[C] People enjoy cheap roaming fees for calling the other regions of Jamaica.

[D] Digicel has greatly liberated the communication potential of the poor country.

3. América Móvil can have such a big market share due to the following reasons except that _____.

[A] it owns innovative technology and services

[B] it enjoys the tariff reduction provided by the invested regions

[C] its brand has gained fame in mobile industry

[D] it provides the mobile services at low price

4. The word “overruled” (Line 3, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.

[A] reversed

[B] overrun

[C] refused

[D] retorted

5. Which one of the following statement is TRUE of the author's opinions on the rumors on Digicel?

[A] He sounds skeptical about whether Digicel has violated the international standards.

[B] He doubts that Digicel maintains special close relation with the government and media of the region.

[C] He is discreet and careful not to reveal his own view on relevant criticism of Digicel.

[D] He holds positive view on the benefit of Digicel's new business model when applied to less-developed areas.





文章剖析


这篇文章主要介绍了Digicel公司在海地拓展移动电话业务的情况。第一段讲述Digicel在海地开展项目后的情况；第二段讲述该公司发展这个项目的理念；第三段和第四段讲述其他公司在这个市场中的竞争；第五段讲述对Digicel公司的批评；第六段讲述海地当地官员对该公司的庇护。





词汇注释


maverick n. 特立独行的人

amass v. 积聚

stodgy adj. 缺乏生气的

retaliation n. 报复

roaming n. 漫游





难句突破


① Since the company set up in Jamaica in April 2001 it has established a presence in 22 markets in the region and has amassed some 5m customers.

主体句式：Since... it has established... and has amassed...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，since引导的是句子的状语从句；句子的谓语由两个并列结构组成。

句子译文：自从该公司于2001年4月份在牙买加成立后，已打入该地区的22个市场，积累了约500万名用户。

② Competition is heating up as operators in Latin America, where growth is now slowing, look to new markets in the Caribbean and Central America.

主体句式：Competition is heating up as operators..., look to...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，as引导的是句子的状语从句；在该从句中，where引导的定语从句用来修饰Latin America。

句子译文：随着拉美经济增长的减缓，拉美的运营商到加勒比海和中美洲地区寻找市场，于是竞争加剧。





题目分析


1. In the first sentence of the first paragraph, “it raised eyebrows” means that _____.

[A] Digicel thought highly of the future profit

[B] Digicel was confident that it could make a success

[C] Haiti was surprised at Digicel's plan

[D] Haiti was happy about Digicel's decision

1. 在第一段第一句中，“它挑起了眉毛”的意思是 _____。

[A] Digicel非常看好自己未来的收益

[B] Digicel自信自己能取得成功

[C] 海地对于Digicel的计划感到惊讶

[D] 海地听说Digicel的决议后很高兴

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。该题的关键之处在于两个：一个是要明白raise one's eyebrow的意思，另外就是要弄清楚主语it指的是谁。raise one's eyebrow的意思为“惊讶，吃惊”，那么Digicel自己做出这个决定后，它自己不可能吃惊，那吃惊的应该就是海地自己了。因此，答案为C。

2. Which one of the following is NOT true of the mobile service of Digicel in Haiti?

[A] Innovative services include providing customers with a series of free text messages.

[B] The poor people will pay for the services in advance.

[C] People enjoy cheap roaming fees for calling the other regions of Jamaica.

[D] Digicel has greatly liberated the communication potential of the poor countries.

2. 关于Digicel在海地的移动电话服务，下列哪个选项是不正确的？

[A] 创新的服务包括了向用户提供一系列免费的短信服务。

[B] 穷人要预先付费。

[C] 人们向牙买加其他地区打电话时，享受低廉的漫游费。

[D] Digicel大大地解放了贫穷国家的通讯潜力。

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。选项A，文章第二段提到，Digicel利用自己的新技术，发送免费的“给我打电话”的短信，但是并不是有一系列的免费短信，因此该陈述错误。选项B，第二段提到，先付费的账单可以让那些不是社会高层的人用得起手机，因此该陈述正确。选项C，由第五段提到的海地被视为牙买加的一部分，从而享受廉价的漫游费，因此可以得出该陈述正确。选项D，由第一段新用户签约入网的数量可以看出，服务受到了当地人的欢迎，也在很大程度上释放了当地人的通讯需求和潜力，因此该表述正确。因此，答案为A。

3. América Móvil can have such a big market share due to the following reasons except that _____.

[A] it owns innovative technology and services

[B] it enjoys the tariff reduction provided by the invested regions

[C] its brand has gained fame in mobile industry

[D] it provides the mobile services at low price

3. América Móvil能占有这么大市场份额，是因为下面除了 _____ 外的所有原因。

[A] 它拥有最新的技术和服务

[B] 它享受被投资国提供的关税减免待遇

[C] 它的品牌在移动电话行业赢得了名声

[D] 它以低廉的价格提供移动电话服务

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。第三段提到，该公司和Digicel一样，依靠的是强大的品牌、现代化的技术和优惠的价格。因此，选项B是错误的。解题关键在于，要了解tariff除了有“关税”的意思之外，还有“价目表”的意思。

4. The word “overruled” (Line 3, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.

[A] reversed

[B] overrun

[C] refused

[D] retorted

4. overruled这个词（第五段第三行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 驳回

[B] 侵占

[C] 拒绝

[D] 反驳

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，海地政府对Digicel采取了一种袒护的态度，高度评价Digicel的投资。而且从最后一段第一句可以看出，该官员否定了对海地的指责，那么可见政府应该是驳回了这一指责。因此，答案为A。

5. Which one of the following statement is TRUE of the author's opinions on the rumors on Digicel?

[A] He sounds skeptical about whether Digicel has violated the international standards.

[B] He doubts that Digicel maintains special close relation with the government and media of the region.

[C] He is discreet and careful not to reveal his own view on relevant criticism of Degicel.

[D] He holds positive view on the benefit of Digicel's new business model when applied to less-developed areas.

5. 关于作者对于Digicel的传闻的态度，下列哪项陈述是正确的？

[A] 听起来他对于Digicel是否破坏了国际标准持怀疑态度。

[B] 他怀疑Digicel与当地政府和媒体之间保持着特殊的密切关系。

[C] 对于针对Digicel的指责，他显得小心翼翼，并不透露自己的观点。

[D] 他对于Digicel将新的商业模式用到欠发达国家中能够取得效益持积极态度。

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。从最后两段可以看出，作者在提到Digicel的这些传闻时，都是引用批评者或是政府官员的话，他自己并没有发表什么意见。因此，他其实是以一种客观的描述来阐述该情况，选项C符合题意。





参考译文


Digicel是一家爱尔兰移动电话运营商，去年它决定向海地进行巨额投资，海地对此表示惊讶。Digicel的特立独行的老总Dennis O'Brien到底准备怎样在如此贫穷的国家里赚钱呢？“你不要只看GDP，你要把它忽视掉。”O'Brien说。确实，Digicel与新客户签单的速度飞快，以至于公司第一个星期之后就必须重新起草商业计划书了。仅仅15个月之后，它已签约170万名用户，而两个竞争对手Comcel和Haitel一共才有100万名用户。Digicel进军海地只是其加勒比海系列行动的最新行动而已。自从该公司于 2001年4月份在牙买加成立后，已打入该地区的22个市场，积累了约500万名用户。O'Brien先生称，他已经投资了19亿美元，其中2.6亿是在海地投资的。