主体句式：The constant shift... increases...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句；第一个that引导的是定语从句，修饰carbon；by promoting...作方式状语。

句子译文：随着藻类细胞的运动，其固定住的碳的量不断增加，光亮和黑暗交替出现，这可能是通过促成只在晚上进行的化学反应而产生的。

② A preliminary test of GreenFuel's reactor design, which was performed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's campus power plant, suggested that it can remove 75% of the carbon dioxide from a power station's exhaust.

主体句式：A preliminary test..., suggested that...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，which引导的是design的定语从句；that引导的是宾语从句。

句子译文：绿色燃料公司称，该设计的最初试验是在麻省理工大学校园内的发电厂里进行的，该试验证明，可以将发电厂排出的75%的二氧化碳清除掉。





题目分析


1. The word “intriguing” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means _____.

[A] challenging

[B] promising

[C] complicated

[D] alluring

1. intriguing这个词（第一段第三行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 引起挑战兴趣的

[B] 有希望的

[C] 复杂的

[D] 迷人的

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文：Whoever turns out to be right, though, it is an intriguing idea: Instead of releasing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels into the atmosphere, why not recapture it by photosynthesis?说明尽管有支持者和反对者，但是这个主意还是非常吸引人的，令人向往的，因此，选项D最为符合。

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the bioreactor developed by GS CleanTech?

[A] No exhaust gas is used in this bioreactor.

[B] The “glow plates” are used to conduct the sunlight.

[C] Sunlight comes into the fiber-optic cables through holes in the parabolic mirror.

[D] Photosynthesis is carried out by the algae in the collection duct.

2. 关于GS清洁技术研发的生物反应器，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

[A] 生物反应器中没有使用废气。

[B] “白炽盘”被用于传导阳光。

[C] 阳光通过抛物柱面镜上的洞进入纤维光缆中。

[D] 光合作用是在收集管中进行的。

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。根据第二段，选项A，没有废气就不能进行光合作用。选项B，白炽盘是用来漫射光的，即是用来传导光的。选项C，阳光是通过抛物柱面镜的反射进入纤维光缆中，而不是通过抛物柱面镜上的洞。选项D，光合作用是在聚酯片上进行的。因此，答案为B。

3. The collection duct positioned underneath is used to _____.

[A] hold the vertical sheets of polyester that fall off

[B] substitute the platform on which the algae grows

[C] obtain the overweight algae

[D] take the place of polyester after light is diffused on it

3. 安装在下面的收集管是用来 _____。

[A] 接住掉下来的垂直聚酯片的

[B] 代替供藻类生长的平台

[C] 接住那些过重的藻类

[D] 在光被散射在它上面后代替聚酯片

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。根据第二段：These diffuse the light over vertical sheets of polyester that form the platform on which the algae grow. Eventually the polyester is unable to support the weight of the algae, and they fall off into a collection duct positioned underneath. 即这个收集管是用来接住那些经过光合作用后掉下来的藻类的，其中的unable to support the weight of the algae说明藻类开始变得过重，因此，选项C为正确答案。

4. The approach developed by the GreenFuel Technologies is different from that by GS CleanTech in that _____.

[A] there is no photosynthesis in the reactor of GreenFuel Technologies

[B] the light used for photosynthesis is produced by the reactor itself

[C] the algal cells fix carbon in the process

[D] the exhaust gas acts as the motive force

4. 绿色燃料技术公司研发的方法和GS 清洁技术的方法的不同之处在于 _____。

[A] 在绿色燃料技术公司的反应器中没有光合作用发生

[B] 用于光合作用的光是由反应器自己产生的

[C] 藻类细胞在这个过程中将碳固定了下来

[D] 废气作为动力

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。根据第三段，绿色燃料公司使用了废气作为让藻类活动的动力，而与清洁技术相同的是，在这个过程中也有光合作用，光也来自外部，而且也有碳被固定下来。因此，不同之处就是D。

5. The reactors of GreenFuel could produce the following fuels except _____.

[A] carbohydrate

[B] ethanol

[C] alcohol

[D] fossil fuel

5. 绿色燃料的反应器可以制造下列除 _____ 外的其他燃料。

[A] 碳水化合物

[B] 乙醇

[C] 酒精

[D] 化石燃料

答案：D　难度系数：☆

分析：细节题。根据第五段：GreenFuel claims that over the course of a year, a hectare (2.5 acres) of its reactors should be able to produce 30,000 litres (8,000 American gallons) of oil, which could be used as biodiesel, and enough carbohydrates to be fermented into 9,000 litres of ethanol, which can be used as a substitute for petrol. 说明反应器可以制造酒精和碳水化合物，作为石油的替代品，不能制造石油。因此，选项D是正确答案。





参考译文


对于支持者来说，用发电厂排出的废气来养殖单细胞藻类，是个能实现循环利用这个目标的终极办法。而那些反对者则认为，这只是个白日梦而已。不管最后谁是正确的，这个主意确实很吸引人：与其将化石燃料燃烧后产生的二氧化碳排放到空气中，那么为什么不利用光合作用来将其消耗掉呢？其生成物可以转化为生物燃料（因为许多藻类都以石油的形式储存其养分），或只需脱水后再送回发电厂。当然，如果真的有这么简单，早就会有人这么做了。不过，尽管还没有人将这项技术商业化，有一些公司已经开始试验了。

GS清洁技术就是这样的一家公司，它利用俄亥俄大学俄亥俄州煤炭研究中心的科学家们的一项专利研制出一种生物反应器。该反应器用一个抛物柱面镜将阳光聚集到纤维光缆上，光缆把将阳光传到反应器里面的丙烯酸“白炽盘”上。这就将光漫射到垂直的聚酯片上，形成藻类生长的平台。最后，当聚酯片无法承受藻类的重量时，就会落到安装在下面的收集管里。

绿色燃料技术公司的总部设在马萨诸塞州的剑桥，该公司采用了另外一种技术。它的反应器由一系列干净的管子构成，每个管子里面还有一个不透明的管子。这种结构可以使沿着外面的管子下来的废气向上冒，然后再从中间不透明的管子流回去。起泡的气体引起紊乱，使得藻类在反应器内循环流动。随着藻类细胞的运动，其固定住的碳的量不断增加，光亮和黑暗交替出现，这可能是通过促成只在晚上进行的化学反应而产生的。

绿色燃料公司称，该设计的最初试验是在麻省理工大学校园内的发电厂里进行的，该试验证明，发电厂排出的75%的二氧化碳可以被清除掉。亚利桑那公共服务部门目前正在其下属的红鹰工厂进行一项更为重要的试验——国家公共电力的效能。此外，路易斯安那州也在计划进行一项试验。

绿色燃料公司声称，在一年中，1公顷（2.5英亩）的反应器应该可以产出3万升（8千美国加仑）的石油，可以用作生物燃料，还能产生足够的碳水化合物，并通过发酵生成9千升的乙醇，可作为石油的替代品。

当然，世上没有免费的午餐。正如华盛顿大学的Rob Carlson指出的，如果可以出售废气制造的产品赚钱的话，那么废气就会从废品变成一种宝贵的资源。电力公司不仅不会把它排放出去，而且可能会开始收费。这样实际上是财富的逆转。





TEXT THREE


It is quite a feat to be invisible while occupying substantial buildings in central London flanking the Royal Academy of Arts. But that's just what the Linnean Society, the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Geological Society of London, the Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL) and the Royal Astronomical Society managed to do for nearly a century. Then, in 2004, Her Majesty's Government not only noticed but also questioned their right to remain at Burlington House, as the complex is called. To the Learned Societies this may have seemed a bitter irony. In 1857, the government of a previous queen had built Burlington House expressly to house them all. Reverence for such institutions, along with the value of real estate, was not what it had been in Victoria's day. But their terms of occupancy remained unchanged.

When they moved into Burlington House, only the Royal Academy of arts, run by supposedly impractical artists, asked for a lease. It was given 999 years at a peppercorn rent. The Societies and their allegedly hard-headed scientist members, were leaseless and rent-free. As decades passed, keeping a low profile must have seemed a sensible idea. Indeed, by 1920, some fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London, thought it essential. When a 1919 Act of Parliament made it illegal to bar women from such societies merely because of their gender, a committee of SAL fellows pressed for immediate action: Women must be invited to become fellows at once. This was not in order to right previous wrongs. It was to avoid criticism and with it the risk that people might notice that no rent was being paid. The danger averted, heads stayed below the parapet.

But danger reappeared in 2004. With the reputed aim of clarifying SAL's presence at Burlington House, the government brought a suit against it. Rumour swept through intellectual London that, in fact, the government wanted to turf the Societies out—or to get a full market rent, which would have amounted to much the same thing. Alarmed feathers from five aviaries of rare birds went flying.

Now, three years later, feathers are smooth. Indeed, cooing can be heard occasionally from Burlington House. Compromises reached with the government have given the Learned Societies security of tenure at affordable rents. In return, the Societies have begun introducing themselves to one another and to the public.

They have created a “cultural campus” in the courtyard to share scholarship and conviviality—and reflect their new appreciation that there is strength in numbers. Earlier this year, the Linnean Society announced it was producing a digital archive of its priceless collections of specimens, manuscripts and letters of the world famous Swedish naturalist, Carl Linnaeus, on this the 300th anniversary of his birth.

The SAL, also 300 this year, is celebrating with a nine-month series of lectures. On November 8th at Harvard, home to many of SAL's 100 American-based fellows, Felipe Fernández-Armesto tackles “Don Francisco's nose-piece: forming new empires in Renaissance America”. The biggest birthday event is an exhibition of 150 of SAL's treasures at the Royal Academy from September 15th to December 2nd. Among these treasures is an oil on oak portrait of Queen Mary I painted by Hans Eworth in 1554 and a glowing 12th-century enamel casket designed to hold the remains of Thomas Becket. How good that invisibility is a thing of the past.

1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the societies in Victoria's day?

[A] They enjoyed the highest reverence and value of real estate in Victoria's day.

[B] They enjoyed the best privilege when Burlington House was built up.

[C] They enjoyed special reward by the queen of really substantial and grand houses.

[D] They enjoyed most privileges in Queen Victoria's reign, much more than today.

2. Questioning the societies' right to remain at Burlington House seems a bitter irony to the societies because _____.

[A] they were not asked to pay any rent when they were first awarded the houses

[B] the presence privilege was initially endowed by the royal monarch

[C] they are not exempt from public attention given their maintenance of low profile

[D] they have been cautious about keeping their invisibility for nearly a century

3. “Peppercorn rent” (Line 2, Paragraph 2) most probably means _____.

[A] free rent

[B] leaseless rent

[C] token rent

[D] rent in kind

4. The author mentioned the feathers in Burlington House in order to _____.

[A] show how great was the influence of the government

[B] make a simile to describe the reactions of the societies

[C] make a metaphor to express the internal anxiety of the societies

[D] add more elements of drama and satire to his description

5. “Invisibility is a thing of the past” means that _____.

[A] people could see those treasures of the past in the societies

[B] the societies could present themselves before public now

[C] the societies need not avoid the public notice any more

[D] the societies could present the treasures of the past now





文章剖析


这篇文章讲述了伦敦一些协会占据了大量建筑物的情况以及目前的解决方案。第一段讲述协会是如何得到这些建筑物的；第二段讲述这些协会为了避免房产被收走，一直低调行事；第三段讲述2004年的一次法律事件将协会免费拥有皇家房产的事情曝光；第四、第五和第六段讲述目前解决这个事件采取的方法。





词汇注释


flank v. 位于…的侧面

parapet n. 低墙

turf vt. 驱逐

aviary n 大型鸟舍

conviviality n. 欢乐

enamel n. 瓷釉





难句突破


① When a 1919 Act of Parliament made it illegal to bar women from such societies merely because of their gender, a committee of SAL fellows pressed for immediate action: Women must be invited to become fellows at once.

主体句式：..., a committee of SAL fellows...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，when引导的是句子的时间状语。

句子译文：《1919年议会法案》规定，如果仅仅因为性别原因而将女性排除在这些协会之外，就构成违法，伦敦古文物协会的一个委员会马上就采取了行动：邀请女性加入。

② Rumour swept through intellectual London that, in fact, the government wanted to turf the Societies out—or to get a full market rent, which would have amounted to much the same thing.

主体句式：Rumour swept through... that...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，that引导的从句作主语rumour的同位语；which引导的是定语从句，用来修饰前面的两个不定式结构。

句子译文：伦敦学术界谣言四起，说政府实际上是想要将这些协会驱逐出去，或者是索要市场价的租金，这其实都是一回事。





题目分析


1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the societies in Victoria's day?

[A] They enjoyed the highest reverence and value of real estate in Victoria's day.

[B] They enjoyed the best privilege when Burlington House was built up.

[C] They enjoyed special reward by the queen of really substantial and grand houses.

[D] They enjoyed most privileges in Queen Victoria's reign, much more than today.

1. 关于维多利亚时代的协会，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

[A] 它们享受着最高的尊敬，并拥有价值最高的地产。

[B] 伯灵顿宫建成的时候，它们享有最高的特权。

[C] 女王给了它们宏伟的房子，作为特殊的奖励。

[D] 它们在维多利亚时代享有最多的特权，要比今天多得多。

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。根据第一段：In 1857, the government of a previous queen had built Burlington House expressly to house them all. 可见，只有选项C是正确的。选项A和B中的highest reverence和the best privilege都不确切。而选项D也是错误的，因为文章中并未就此问题进行比较。

2. Questioning the societies' right to remain at Burlington House seems a bitter irony to the societies because _____.

[A] they were not asked to pay any rent when they were first awarded the houses

[B] the presence privilege was initially endowed by the royal monarch

[C] they are not exempt from public attention given their maintenance of low profile

[D] they have been cautious about keeping their invisibility for nearly a century

2. 质疑这些协会驻扎在伯灵顿宫的权利好像是一个讽刺，因为 _____。

[A] 它们最初得到这些房子的时候没有被要求付房租

[B] 已有的权利最开始时是皇室君主赋予的

[C] 它们保持低调，却没有躲过民众的注意

[D] 它们在将近一个世纪的时间里小心地保持着自己的隐秘性

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第一段，因为最开始是维多利亚女王的前任女王赋予了它们进驻的权利，而现在又是当今的女王质疑他们的权利，这看起来似乎是个讽刺。因此，选项B为正确答案，其中的royal monarch指的正是女王。

3. “Peppercorn rent” (Line 2, Paragraph 2) most probably means _____.

[A] free rent

[B] leaseless rent

[C] token rent

[D] rent in kind

3. peppercorn rent这个词（第二段第二行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 免费的出租

[B] 没有租约的出租

[C] 象征性的出租

[D] 实物出租

答案：C　难度系数：☆

分析：细节题。根据第三段：It was given 999 years at a peppercorn rent. The Societies and their allegedly hard-headed scientist members, were leaseless and rent-free. 说明当时999年的出租并不是实质性的出租，只是一个象征性的租约而已。因此，选项C是正确答案。

4. The author mentioned the feathers in Burlington House in order to _____.

[A] show how great was the influence of the government

[B] make a simile to describe the reactions of the societies

[C] make a metaphor to express the internal anxiety of the societies

[D] add more elements of drama and satire to his description

4. 作者提到伯灵顿宫中的羽毛，是为了 _____。

[A] 表明政府的影响力是多么大

[B] 用比喻的手法来描述协会的反应

[C] 用来比喻社会的内在焦虑

[D] 给他的描述中增加更多的喜剧和讽刺的成分

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第四段提到：Now, three years later, feathers are smooth. Indeed, cooing can be heard occasionally from Burlington House. 根据第四段和第五段，从“五个稀有品种鸟舍”来看，其实比喻的就是五个协会，因此，答案为B。

5. “Invisibility is a thing of the past” means that _____.

[A] people can see those treasures of the past in the societies

[B] the societies can present themselves before public now

[C] the societies need not avoid the public notice any more

[D] the societies can present the treasures of the past now

5. “看不见是过去的事了”，这句话的意思是 _____。

[A] 人们可以看到协会中过去的珍品

[B] 协会如今可以将它们自己展示在公众面前

[C] 协会不需要再躲避公众的注意了

[D] 协会现在可以展示过去的珍品了

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第七段，这一段主要描述了这些协会开展的一系列活动，说明它们不用再在公众面前遮遮掩掩的了。因此，答案为B。





参考译文


伦敦市中心的皇家艺术学院旁边有大量的建筑物，却又不那么引人注意，这可是个技巧。但这正是林耐学会、英国皇家化学学会、伦敦地理学会、伦敦古物研究学会和皇家天文学会在过去的近一个世纪里努力要做到的。直到2004年，女王内阁注意到了它们的存在，而且随着情况的复杂化，人们开始质疑这些协会是否有权利驻扎在伯灵顿宫。对于这些学术协会来说，这看起来像是个极大的讽刺。1857年，前任女王政府为这些协会专门建造了伯灵顿宫。给予这些协会以如此的尊敬，并赠予如此有价值的地产，这在维多利亚时期是少见的。而这些房产的所有权一直没有更改过。