1. Translate the following into Chinese（50%） It is simple enough to say that since books have classes —— fiction, biography, poetry —— we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being nulike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The
    thirty-two chapters of a novel —— if we consider how to read a novel first —— are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building: but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you —— how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.
    2. Translate the following into English（50%） 我们必须从理论上搞懂， 资本主义与社会主义的区分不在于是计划 还是市场这样的问 题。社会主义也有市场经济，资本主义也有计划控制。不要以为搞点 市场经济就是资本主义道路，没有那么回事。计划和市场都得要。不 搞市场，连世界上的信息都不知道，是自甘落后。 不要怕冒一点风 险。我们已经形成了一种能力，承担风险的能力。为什么这次治理通 货膨胀能够见效这么快，而且市场没有受多大影响，货币也没有受多
    大影响？原因就是有这十一二年改革开放的基础。改革开放越前进， 承担和抵抗风险的能力就越强。我们处理问题，要完全没有风险不可 能，冒点风险不怕。 沿海如何帮助内地，这是一个大问题。可以由沿海一个省包内地一 个省或两个省，也不 要一下子负担太重，开始时可以做某些技术转让。共同致富，我们从 改革一开始就讲，将来总有一天要成为中心课题。社会主义不是少数 人富起来、大多数人穷，不是那个样子。社会主义最大的优越性就是 共同富裕，这是体现社会主义本质的一个东西。如果搞两极分化，情 况就不同了，民族矛盾、区域间矛盾、阶级矛盾都会发展，相应地中 央和地方的矛盾也会发展，就可能出乱子。

上海外国语大学1999攻读硕士研究生入学考试 攻读硕士研究生入学考试 翻译与现代汉语试卷 （三小时内完成） 1. Translate the following into Chinese（25%） At this last presidential inauguration of the 20th century, let us lift our eyes toward the challenges that await us in the next century. It is our great good fortune that time and chance have put us not only at the edge of a new century, in a new millennium, but on the edge of a bright new prospect in human affairs -- a moment that will define our course, and our character, for decades to come. We must keep our old democracy forever young. Guided by the ancient vision of a promised land, let us set our sights upon a land of new promise. The promise of America was born in the 18th century out of the bold conviction that we are all created equal. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the awful scourge of slavery. Then, in turmoil and triumph, that promise exploded onto the world stage to make this the American Century. And what a century it has been. America became the world's mightiest industrial power; saved the world from tyranny in two world wars and a long cold war; and time and again, reached out across the globe to millions who, like us, longed for the blessings of liberty. Along the way,
    Americans produced a great middle class and security in old age; built unrivaled centers of learning and opened public schools to all; split the atom and explored the heavens; invented the computer and the microchip; and deepened the wellspring of justice by making a revolution in civil rights for African Americans and all minorities, and extending the circle of citizenship, opportunity and dignity to women. Now, for the third time, a new century is upon us, and another time to choose. We began the 19th century with a choice, to spread our nation from coast to coast. We began the 20th century with a choice, to harness the Industrial Revolution to our values of free enterprise, conservation, and human decency. Those choices made all the difference. At the dawn of the 21st century a free people must now choose to shape the forces of the Information Age and the global society, to unleash the limitless potential of all our people, and, yes, to form a more perfect union.