《高级英语》第一册教案
Unit 1: The Middle Eastern Bazaar
I . Additional Background Knowledge
1. Middle Eastern Countries
2. Architecture of Gothic Style
II . Introduction to the Passage
1.Type of literature: a piece of objective description
2.The purpose of a piece of objective description:
---to record and reproduce a true picture with opinions and emotions of the author excluded
3. Ways of developing a piece of objective description:
---to begin with a brief general picture, divide the object into parts and organize the detailed description in order of space
III . Effective Writing Skills
1. making effective use of specific verbs
2. using adjectives accurately
3. using five human senses---hearing, smelling, seeing, tasting and touching to make the
description vivid
4.using rhetorical devices properly
IV . Rhetorical Devices
1. simile
2. metaphor
3. assonance
4. onomatopoeia
V . Special Difficulties
1. paraphrasing some sentences
2. translating some paragraphs
3. identifying figures of speech
VI . Questions
1. What is a bazaar? Can you name some of the Middle Eastern countries in which such bazaars are likely to be found?
2. Name all the markets in the bazaar. What kind of economy do you think they represent? Give facts to support your view.
3. What scene do you find most picturesque in the bazaar? Why?
Unit 2: Hiroshima---“the Liveliest” City in Japan
by Jacques Danvoir
I . Additional Background Knowledge
1. The City of Hiroshima
2. The first dropping of an atomic bomb---“Little Boy”
II . Introduction to the Passage
1. Type of literature: a piece of radio report
2. The purpose of a piece of radio report: to inform the auditors of the truth
3. Some characteristics of radio report: authenticity and objectivity
III . Effective Writing Skills
1. accurately recording the dialogues with some Japanese to reinforce the authenticity of the report
3. carefully observing and describing details to reinforce the authenticity of the report
3. vivid and humorous description to make the report interesting
IV . Rhetorical Devices
1. metaphor
2. anti-climax
V . Special Difficulties
1. reading between the lines
2. paraphrasing some sentences
VI . Questions
1. What was the writer’s attitude towards Hiroshima?
2. Was Hiroshima in any way different from other Japanese cities?
3. Even in this short description one may find some of the problems of Japan, or at least, of Hiroshima. Can you say what they are?
4. How do the Japanese themselves look at Hiroshima? Why?
VII. Detailed Teaching Notes:
Hiroshima--the "Liveliest" City
In Japan
1. The Map of Japan
Hiroshima
Hiroshima, city on southwestern Honshû Island, Japan, capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, at the head of Hiroshima Bay. The city was founded in 1594 on six islands in the Ôta River delta. Hiroshima grew rapidly as a castle town and commercial city, and after 1868 it was developed as a military center. On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-1945), the first atomic bomb to be used against an enemy position was dropped on the city by the United States Army Air Forces (see Nuclear Weapons). According to U.S. estimates 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or missing as a result of the bomb and many more were made homeless. (In 1940 the population of Hiroshima had been 343,698.) The blast also destroyed more than 10 sq km (4 sq mi) of the city, completely destroying 68 percent of Hiroshima's buildings; another 24 percent were damaged. Every August 6 since 1947, thousands participate in interfaith services in the Peace Memorial Park built on the site where the bomb exploded. In 1949 the Japanese dedicated Hiroshima as an international shrine of peace. After the war, the city was largely rebuilt, and commercial activities were resumed. Machinery, automobiles, food processing, and the brewing of sake are the main industries. The surrounding area, although mountainous, has fertile valleys where silk, rice, and wheat are produced. Population (1990) 1,085,705.
2. The Bombing of Hiroshima
On August 6, 1945, during World War II, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. An estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or reported missing, and thousands more were made homeless. Sixteen hours after the attack, U.S. President Harry S. Truman’s report of the event was broadcast to radio listeners.
The explosion produces great amounts of heat, a shock wave and intense radiation. The region of the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated and radioactive products may be deposited elsewhere as fallout.
At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, by order of President Truman, the first Atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything with a radius of 830-1,450 meters. The damage beyond this area was considerable, and over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000. Survivors are still dying of leukaemia, pernicious anaemia and other diseases induced by radiation. Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.
The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to peace. A destroyed area named "Peace City" has been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was build. A special hospital built here treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects.
3. Rhetoric
tenor (subject): the concept, object, or person meant in a metaphor
vehicle (reference): a medium through which something is expressed, achieved, or displayed
Simile: A simile makes a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstract quality. The vehicle is almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as".
Self-criticism is as necessary to us as air or water.
The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.
My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves.
The bus went as slowly as a snail.
Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.
The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspect exists only in our minds, and not in the nature of the things themselves.
As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
Metaphor is considered the most important and basic poetic figure and also the commonest the most beautiful.
Snow clothes the ground.
The town was stormed after a long siege.
Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, were moving jewels.
I had a lump in my throat
At last this intermezzo came to an end...
I was again crushed by the thought...
...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...
Metonymy(借代、换喻)
She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
He took to the bottle.
...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt
I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact
Metonymy can be derived from various sources:
a. Names of persons
Uncle Sam: the USA
b. Animals
the bear: the Soviet Union
the dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)
c. Parts of the body
heart: feelings and emotions
head, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reason
grey hair: old age
d. Profession:
the press: newspapers, reporters etc.
He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.
the bar: the legal profession
e. location of government, business etc.
Downing Street: the British Government
the White House: the US president and his government
the Capital Hill: US Congress
Wall Street: US financial circles
Hollywood: American filmmaking industry
Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant. e.g:
He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.
The boy is a bit slow for his age.
to go to heaven---dead
to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call, put an end to my life.
Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.
Irony:
Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
the good fortune that my illness has brought me
Anti-Climax:
a town known throughout the world for its---oysters
Alliteration:
slip to a stop
tested and treated
Rhetorical Question
Was I not at the scene of the crime?
4. Detailed Study of the Text:
1. slip: to move slidingly, smoothly, secretly or unnoticed. it carries a stronger implication of a frictionless than slide.
2. lump: a mass of sth. solid without a special size of shape
a lump of lead, sugar
Black coffee, 2 lumps, please!
a hard swelling on the body
She was afraid when she felt a lump in her left breast
to have a lump in one's throat:
to have a tight feeling in the throat because strong emotion, such as sorrow or gratitude, to have one's throat choked, to have a feeling of pressure, being unable to breath, a tight sensation in the throat caused by unexpressed pity, sorrow, excitement, etc.
All during her husband's funeral, she had ...
John's mother had a ... at his college graduation.
The strong sensation of excitement and sorrow made me unable to breathe or to speak as if my throat was choked, as if my throat got blocked by sth. solid.
3. on my mind: troubling one's thoughts, causing anxiety, unhappiness. When you have sth on your mind, you can't get rid of it, you are completely preoccupied, and obsessed.
His failure weighs heavily on him mind.
He has got too much on his mind to worry about your problem.
I am glad you want to talk about this. It's been on my mind for weeks.
cf:
in one's mind: think about, think of
I think I know what's in your mind.
Her mother was always in her mind.
4. the very act of stepping on this soil:
act and action:
Action refers primarily to the process of acting; act to the result, the things done. An action is usually regarded as occupying some time and involving more than one step; an act is more frequently thought of as momentary of instantaneous and as individual.
The rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic action while the launching of the lifeboat, a brave act.
a course of action
on this soil: on this land, on this earth, ground
The word SOIL conveys a strong emotion, it is an emotive word.
A person in exile comes back to his motherland, he kneels down to kiss the soil.
Here is suggests the emotion of the author. He thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the feeling of atoning (making repayment) for the crime.
5. adventure: a journey that is strange and exciting and often dangerous, sth. you do or a situation you become involved in that is rather unusual, exciting and dangerous. From the text itself one can clearly see that the meaning is “trip” since it is followed by this word.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn
6. reportorial: (not in Longman or ALD)
belonging to, of, about a reporter. the adj. form of reporter
7. crime: an offence which is punishable by law
Here: an immoral act
8. appear
Appear, Look, and Seem can mean to be as stated in one's view or judgement, but not necessarily in fact.
Seem suggests an opinion based on subjective impression rather than objective signs.
He seems tired.
My other visits to Beijing were twenty years ago. How would it seem after such a long time?
Look implies that the opinion is based on a general visual impression.
His lips looked unnatural.
He looks nervous.
Appear suggests a distorted impression, such as can be produced by a restricted point of view.
His tongue could make the worse appear the better reason.
He appeared not to have heard what had been said about him.
He appears / seems / looks to be / like an honest man.
9. preoccupy: to fill the thoughts or hold the interest of, to fill one's mind completely so that not enough attention is given to other present matters
When he is preoccupied with his hobby, he has no idea of what is going on around him.
I was too preoccupied to hear the bell.
He had a preoccupied look on his face, as if sth. was troubling him.
preoccupation: extreme concern for sth.
Reading is his main preoccupation.
It seemed to me that the Japanese did not have the same extreme concern which is bothering me.
I was totally absorbed in the consideration of the crime, but the Japanese did not appear to be so.
My mind was completely filled with sad thoughts ...
10. rub shoulders with: to meet and mix with (people)
This is not the sort of club where the great rub shoulders with the humble.
A person in my position rubs shoulders with all kinds of people.
In our class, people of all trades (porter, carpenter, coppersmith, etc.) rubber shoulders with each other.
11. oblivious: be unaware of, not noticing, unconscious of, lacking mindful attention
Their government is oblivious of the rights of the governed.
I am oblivious of my former failure.
I was so preoccupied with the book that I was oblivious of the surroundings.
