B)    will produce results which cannot be foreseen
 
C)    will help people to make the right choice in advance
D)    will bring about disturbing results
22.    It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century     .
A)    thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B)    were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
C)    knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D)    did more harm than good in promoting man´s understanding of nature
23.    Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?
A)    They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.
B)    They falsely claimed to know all about nature
C)    They did not believe in results from scientific observation.
D)    They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.
24.    What is the author's attitude towards science?
A)    He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
B)    He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it
C)    He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it
D)    He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
25.    The author believes that     .
A)    man can rind solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B)    man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C)    sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them
D)    questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Each day, computers help millions of people do their jobs more effectively. For example, they can help managers decide on a future course of action, and they can then help with the follow-up checks on performance to see if planned goals are being achieved. By using accurate and timely facts supplied by data base management software, a manager can do a better job of identifying problems and opportunities. And managers may not need to spend as much time in controlling when a computer can respond with a triggered report if actual performance varies from what was planned. The time saved in controlling may allow managers to give more attention to employees' concerns, and this, in turn, may result in improved morale (士气).
But employment benefits certainly aren't restricted to managers. Healthcare researchers
and other scientists also use computers to conduct research into complex problem areas that couldn't otherwise be studied. Lawyers use online legal data banks to locate precedent ( 先 前
 
的 ) cases in order to serve clients better. Salespeople can receive more timely information about products in stock, can promise customers that their sales orders will be handled promptly, and can thus improve their sales performance because of the computer system. And the job duties of some office and factory workers have changed from routine, repetitive operations to more varied and appealing tasks through computer usage. For example, office workers who understand text processing, computing, and data communication usually have vital roles and are given critical office functions to perform.
26.    Which of the following examples shows the controlling function of a computer?
A)    Helping managers decide on a future course of action.
B)    Helping managers check if planned goals are reached.
C)    Helping managers save time in writing report.
D)    Helping managers design a spreadsheet package.
27.    Employees may have better morale if     ..
A)    they have more rime to rest    ~
B)    computer is used in their work
C)    the manager has more time with them
D)    they are more concerned by the manager
28.    Which of the following is the most essential to a successful businessman?
A)    He can use computers in his work.
B)    He can handle orders promptly.
C)    can get timely information.
D)    He can improve his sales performance.
29.    The office duties used to be     .
A)    difficult    B) boring    C) heavy    D) appealing
30.    Which of the following is the best suggested title?
A)    Computers and Management
B)    Computer Functions
C)    Computer and Working Efficiency
D)    Employment Benefits or Computer

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
From the seller’s viewpoint advertising is persuasion; from the buyer's it is education. No single group of people spends as much time or money per lesson to educate the masses as do the creators of ads.
Every ad that exploits a personality hole educates the audience toward using a particular product to fill that hole. Just as drug ads teach a crude and sometimes dangerous form of self-medication, psychosell ads reach a form of self-analysis and cure for psychological
 
problems.
An ad that stirs a hidden doubt that causes a person to ask, "Why does no one love me?"; "Why am I lonely?" invariably goes on to suggest a partial cure-use our product. If an announcer for Pepsi (百事可乐) would appear on screen and say: "Are you lonely? Do you feel left out? Are you bored aid isolated? Well, if you are, drink Pepsi and find yourself instantly a part of all those energetic, joyful young-at-heart people who are drinking Pepsi".
Such an ad would be greeted as either laughable or insulting by the viewing audience. Yet the o1d-Pepsi generation campaign used pictures and a jingle to make exactly such a point.
The danger in psychosell techniques is not that people might switch from Coke to Pepsi in soft-drink loyalties or abandon some other drinks. The danger is that millions learn (especially if the message is repeated often enough. as ads are) that problems in self-acceptance and boredom can be alleviated corporate products, which brand to buy is secondary to ads as education; the primary lesson is that the product itself satisfies psychological needs.
31.    The author believes that some advertising is a dangerous form of education because
     .
A.    it persuades audience to buy many unnecessary goods
B.    it often exaggerates the quality of the products
C.    it often claims that personal problems can be solved by buying corporate products
D.    it stirs people's hidden doubt and causes many questions about their personal problems
32.    This passage mainly tells us     .
A.    the differences or ads    C. the importance of ads
B.    the effects of ads    D. the criticism of ads
33.    The word in Para 5 “alleviated probably means     .
A.    aggravated    C. encouraged
B.    cared    D. stirred
34.    Which of the following is nor true?
A .The seller's persuasion is based on the buyer’s education.
B.    The ad education is closely related to some personal problems.
C.    The Pepsi ad can hardly be accepted by modem viewers.
D.    The personal problems is only exploited in psychosell ads.
35.    The success of Pepsi in the market was due to     .
A.    the psychosell techniques
B.    its large scale advertising on the screen
C.    its effective advertisements
 
D.    its joyful and young-at-heart drinkers

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for  a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actural work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.