•　live


【常见义】v. 生活

【考研义】adj.（演出）现场的

例子：Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. （那些忠实的音乐会观众反驳说现场演出绝非唱片所能替代，但是他们没有看到问题的实质。）





•　lobby


【常见义】n. 门厅，大厅

【考研义】v. 游说；n. 游说团队

例子：Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. ［2010 Text 4］（令人遗憾的是，银行的游说如今似乎已经产生了作用。）

a powerful anti–smoking lobby（声势浩大的反吸烟团体）

That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? （还记得他们坚持认为反吸烟游说团体是在破坏我们的生活方式，而政府应当置身事外的那些年吗？）





•　lot


【常见义】adj. 许多的

【考研义】n. 命运

例子：But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. （但是我们目前已经掌握了足够多的知识来减少许多曾威胁过早期人类生存的风险，以及改善后人的命运。）





M


•　margin


【常见义】n. 边缘；边界

【考研义】n. 利润

例子：Wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often. ［2010 Part B］（随着越来越多的欧洲人更加频繁地外出就餐，食品服务业的批发需求也迅速增长。）





•　might


【常见义】adv. 可能

【考研义】n. 力量

例子：The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. ［2001 Passage 4］（这股浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以无与伦比的威力波及了新兴国家。）





•　model


【常见义】n. 模型

【考研义】v. 以某人/某物为榜样；仿效

记忆：以某人为榜样，就是把某人当作效仿的“样板/模型”。

例子：What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain，s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented–and human perception far more complicated–than previously imagined. （在试图模拟人类思维的过程中，研究人员发现，人脑中约有一千亿个神经细胞人类远比以前所想象的更聪明，人类的感知方式也远比想象中更复杂。）

This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science. （这种影响不仅体现在《科学》杂志上发表的论文，而且有希望影响到更多想要效仿《科学》杂志做法的其他出版机构。）





•　modest


【常见义】adj. 谦逊的

【考研义】adj. 不大的，适中的

记忆：说一个人性格谦逊，就是说这个人性格既不狂妄也不自卑，属于一种“适中”的状态。

例子：Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long–term prospects, even as they do some modest belt–tightening. （消费者似乎只是有些担心，还没有恐慌，并且很多人还说就在他们稍稍勒紧腰带的时候，他们对经济的长远前景还是乐观的。）

Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public–sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous. （一些政治家再三“变相地提高”公共部门工资协议中承诺的薪酬待遇——薪资增长的幅度不大，但增加了假期，尤其是增加了本已非常丰厚的养老金。）





•　monitor


【常见义】n. 班长

【考研义】n. 监视器

记忆：班长就是老师选出来“监视”学生的人，也就是充当一个“监视器”的功能。

例子：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. ［2001 Section Ⅳ］（届时，将会出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦汽车污染超标，监测器就会使其停驶。）





•　move


【常见义】v. 移动

【考研义】n. 措施；行动

例子：In a move that has intellectual–property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business–method patents. （联邦巡回上诉法院宣布将利用某一特定案例，展开对商业方法专利的广泛复审，这一举措引起了专利律师们的热议。）





•　movement


【常见义】n. 移动

【考研义】n. 乐章，（政治、社会和艺术方面的）运动

例子：It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. ［2014 Part C］（《葬礼进行曲》不是《英雄交响曲》的最后乐章而是第二乐章，这并非偶然，而是这样一来，痛苦就不会是最终结局。）

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ［2000 Passage 3］（当一场新的艺术运动成为某种潮流时，我们应弄清楚其倡导者的目的所在。因为无论他们的准则现在看来是多么的牵强附会、不合情理，在将来都有可能被视为正常的事物。）





N


•　name


【常见义】n. 名字

【考研义】v. 任命某人职务

例子：Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. （在离职还不到两周的时间内，他就与哈特福德金融服务集团董事会进行了首次会谈，9月29日，该公司任命他为首席执行官兼董事长。）





•　nature


【常见义】n. 大自然

【考研义】n. 本质，实质，特性

记忆：回归本质，回归大自然。

例子：Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. （然而，令人遗憾的是，该报告未能指出文科教育面临的危机的实质，是弊大于利。）

So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, what’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? （因此，当莎凡回答智商为100的普通人提出的诸如“爱与喜欢有何区别？”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么？”这类问题时，人们不禁感到困惑。）





•　note


【常见义】v. 记下

【考研义】v. 特别提到；指出

例子：Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power. （罗德里格斯指出，全世界偏远山村的孩子们都是像阿诺·施瓦辛格与加思·布鲁克斯这样的超级巨星的影迷或歌迷，然而一些美国人却担心，居住在美国境内的许多移民仍对这个国家的同化有免疫力。）

He notes that each individual has many ancestors–numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. （他指出每个人都有许多祖先——仅上溯几百年，祖先的数目就可达数百位。）





•　novel


【常见义】n. 小说

【考研义】adj. 新奇的；新颖的

记忆：小说的情节往往是新颖的、猎奇的，这才会让人喜欢。

例子：Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. （有时候，真正新的发现需要数年才能被接受和重视。）

He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact”. （他之所以同意加入是因为他“认为成立这个委员会是一种先见之明，这个委员会的形态前所未有而又别具一格，很有可能对未来产生深远的影响”。）





O


•　objective


【常见义】adj. 客观的

【考研义】n. 目标；目的

例子：In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co–productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. ［2005 Part C］（为达到这些目标，我们必须更加关注联合制作、新闻交流、文献服务和培训。）





•　obscure


【常见义】n. 黑暗的

【考研义】v. 掩盖，隐藏

记忆：遮天蔽日，把天空和太阳遮蔽了，天空就黑暗了。

例子：These figures obscure the fact that a lot of older people live in great poverty.（这些数字掩盖了许多老人生活在极度贫困中这一事实。）

The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. （然而，体育界的这一趋势或许掩盖了一个不为人知的事实：美国人的身高总体上已经停止了增长。）

Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. （然而其报告却没有弄清国会要求其阐明问题的深度和广度，很可能会阻碍改革的步伐。）





•　observe


【常见义】v. 注意，观察

【考研义】v. 评论，说

例子：“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” （她指出：“她们承受压力的能力甚至可能比男性更强，只是她们要处理的事情更多，因此她们的疲态出现得更早、更明显。”）





P


•　panel


【常见义】n. 仪表盘

【考研义】n. 评判小组；专业讨论小组

例子：The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man–made. （白宫召集来的国家科学院专家组成员告诉人们，地球气候的确在变暖，而这一问题在很大程度上是由人类自己造成的。）





•　parallel


【常见义】adj. 平行的

【考研义】adj. 相似的；相同的；对等的

例子：On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. ［2007 Part C］（另一方面，它把这些概念同日常生活联系起来，其方式与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是一样的。）

A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish–eating birds. ［2010 Part C］（肉食哺乳动物和捕食鱼的鸟类也存在类似的情形。）

There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. （就在科学家们前仆后继，试图使人们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁时，类似的令人担忧的情况又出现了。）





•　plain


【常见义】n. 平原

【考研义】adv. 绝对地

例子：Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. （自从拥有创造力之初，人类已设计出了越来越巧妙的工具，以应付那些危险、乏味、繁重或是让人讨厌的工作。）





•　plant


【常见义】n. 植物

【考研义】n. 工厂

例子：In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone–parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. ［2010 Section Ⅰ］（1924年，美国国家研究委员会派出两名工程师到芝加哥附近的霍桑电话机配件厂指导一系列实验研究。）





•　policy


【常见义】n. 方针；政策

【考研义】n. 保险单

例子：a fire–insurance policy（火灾保险单）

With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. （风险日渐清晰，步步逼近，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。）





•　pool


【常见义】n. 水池

【考研义】v. 把（钱或其他资金）集中共用

记忆：博彩业当中也有种专门的说法叫作“奖金池”，就是把之前的奖金像蓄水池一样积蓄起来。

例子：Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. ［2005 Part B］（所有省份资源共享，与渥太华合作创建一个国家机构，改变目前每个省都有各自的获批药物清单、机构、程序以及有限的议价能力的局面。）





•　pose


【常见义】n. 姿势，姿态

【考研义】n. 引起，造成

例子：But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves–goals that pose a real challenge. （但是如果想要机器人达到发挥节约人力作用的更高阶段，它们必须能在更少的人力监控下进行工作，并且至少具备独立做出一些决定的能力——这些目标才是真正的挑战。）





•　press


【常见义】v. 按，压

【考研义】n. 报纸；新闻界

记忆：很早之前的印刷术很落后，报纸印刷往往就是用沾有黑色油墨的卷筒直接按在纸面上。

例子：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins. ［2001 Section Ⅱ］（为了大力加强对报界的法律控制，大法官欧文勋爵将提交一份草案，提出向证人付费将被视为非法，并且严格控制开庭前对案情的公开程度。）





•　principal


【常见义】n. 校长，院长

【考研义】adj. 首要的，主要的

例子：They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people. （他们发现，要实现所谓的“全球传播”——社交网络中影响的广泛传播，最关键的条件不是少数有影响力人士的存在，而是大量易受影响人群的广泛参与。）

The United States is the product of two principal forces–the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. ［2015 Part C］（美国是两种主要力量结合的产物：一个是思想、习俗和民族特征各不相同的欧洲移民，另一个是这个新国家在融合上述特征之后所带来的影响。）





•　pursuit


【常见义】n. 追求；寻求

【考研义】n. 职业，事业

例子：Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. （于是，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球运动员在内的各行各业的优秀人才。）





Q


•　quarter


【常见义】n. 四分之一

【考研义】n. 人，人群；季度

例子：Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. （就像吸烟问题一样，来自各方的声音仍坚持认为，目前关于全球气候变暖的科学研究还不完善，因此，在得以证实之前，可以继续向大气中排放废气。）

Our gas bill for last quarter was unusually high.（我们上季度的煤气费非常高。）

In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. （利伯伦研究公司的数据显示，由于忧心忡忡的董事会紧紧依靠着公司的现有领导，第三季度首席执行官更换率与一年前相比下降了23%。）





•　question


【常见义】n. 问题

【考研义】v. 表示或感到怀疑

记忆：不停地向某人提出一些问题，这便是表示质疑怀疑的态度。

例子：The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male–dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ［2000 Passage 4］（战后生育高峰期出生的一代人进入成年以及女性进入男性主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了青少年的发展机遇。这些青少年已经开始质疑，为进所好学校、找份好工作而攀登日本残酷的社会阶梯所付出的巨大代价，是否真的值得。）





R


•　raise


【常见义】v. 抬起，举起

【考研义】v. 养育

记忆：把孩子视为掌上明珠，好像把孩子像明珠一样托举起来，这便是“养育、抚养”。

例子：Even though the day–to–day experience of raising kids can be soul–crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” （尽管抚养孩子的日常生活令人心力交瘁，珍妮弗·西尼尔写道：“正是此时此刻这些令我们心情沮丧的事情，日后才成为幸福和喜悦的来源。”）





•　reason


【常见义】n. 原因，理由

【考研义】n. 思考；推断

例子：He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. ［2004 Part B］（他推断，在某种特定的语言中，更容易形成某些特定的概念，所以该语言的使用者便只会顺着一种特有的思路来思考问题。）





•　reflect


【常见义】v. 反射，反映

【考研义】v. 深思，反省

例子：McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. （麦吉说在没有找到新的工作之前就辞职，给了他时间思考自己想经营什么样的公司。）





•　respect


【常见义】n. 尊敬，敬重

【考研义】n. 方面

例子：Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. ［2008 Part C］（在生命的最后一年里，他在著述中表示，在过去的二三十年间，他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。）