参考译文:今天,教授们通常把对历史的激进式诠释和激进的公共政策当作合适的研究课题,而将保守的或经典的自由主义理念(比如自由市场或自力更生)视为不合常规,有时甚至认为是不合常理的知识探索。
形近词
retreat
[rɪˈtriːt] v. 撤退;退避,退却;放弃
[rɪˈtriːt] n. 后退;撤退;静养所
【例】[n] 后退
2010 年阅读Text 1
Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
参考译文:此外,以业余为主的乐评传统一直在迅速走向衰落。
undertreatment [ʌndəˈtriːtmənt]
n. 处理不足;治疗不够
补充词汇
[同义词]
deal [diːl]
v. 处理;惩处
handle [ˈhænd(ə)l]
v. 应付;处理
vanish
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [ˈvænɪʃ] 消失;消亡
形近词:diminish
【例】[v] 消失
2013 年翻译
When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
参考译文:当我们失去绿色、植物和树木时,大多数人都会精神不振。通常我们将这种现象归因于心理状态,直到有一天,当我们置身于花园中,就会发觉低落情绪奇迹般地消失了。
形近词
diminish [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ]
v. (使)减小;(使)减弱;(使)降低;贬低;轻视
【例】[v](使)减弱(此处为diminish 的现在分词作定语)
2010 年阅读Text 4
According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in_________.
[A] the diminishing role of management
[B] the revival of the banking system
[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses
[D] the weakening of its independence
参考译文:据作者所说,美国财务会计准则委员会规则的改变也许会导致_________。
[A] 管理角色的弱化
[B] 银行系统的复兴
[C] 银行长期资产的流失
[D] 独立性的削弱
补充词汇
[同义词]
disappear [ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)]
v. 消失;不见
divide
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [dɪˈvaɪd] 分,划分;分开;分配;除;意见分歧;分裂
n. [dɪˈvaɪd] 分歧,不和;分水岭
形近词:dividend, divided
形近词
dividend [ˈdɪvɪdend]
n. 被除数;股息,红利;附赠品;发给参加保险投保人的盈余比例份额
divided [dɪˈvaɪdɪd]
adj. 分离的;分裂的;有分歧的
补充词汇
[同义词]
separate
[ˈsepəreɪt] v. 分离;分开
[ˈsep(ə)rət] adj. 分开的;单独的;独立的
【例】[adj] 独立的
2012 年完型
That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, as a result, convincing as law.
参考译文:只有这样,才更有可能使他们的裁决看起来不受政治的影响,从而如法律一般令人信服。
split [splɪt]
v. (使) (团体)意见不合;(使)分裂;使裂开
【例】[v] (使)分裂
2012 年完型
When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.
参考译文:当法院处理社会决策时,它制定的法律不可避免地带有政治性,这就是为何背离意识形态路线的决策很容易被斥为不公平。
mere
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
adj. [mɪə(r)] 仅仅;只不过;纯粹的
形近词:merely
形近词
merely [ˈmɪə(r)li]
adv. 纯粹地;仅仅;只不过
【例】[adv] 仅仅;只不过
2011 年阅读Text 1
Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.
参考译文:仅仅增加管弦乐队的演出曲目是不够的。
补充词汇
[近义词]
sheer [ʃɪə(r)]
adj. 纯粹的;完全的;全然的
simple [ˈsɪmp(ə)l]
adj. 简单的;单纯的
invest
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [ɪnˈvest] 投资
n. [ɪnˈvest] 投资额
形近词:investor, investment, investigation
形近词
investor [ɪnˈvestə(r)]
n. 投资人
investment [ɪnˈves(t)mənt]
n. 投资;投资额
【例】[n] 投资;投资额
2007 年阅读Text 3
President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
参考译文:布什总统致力于通过改革社会保障制度,将其改为储蓄账户模式,把退休人员大部分或全部有保障的退休金换成依赖于投资回报的收入。
investigation [ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn]
n. 调查;研究
【例】[v]调查(此处是investigation的动词形式)
2011 年阅读新题型
Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.
参考译文:否则,学者们还会继续这样危险地思考下去,渐渐脱离于他们所研究、调查和批判的社会。
manufacture
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃə(r)] 制造;加工;虚构;捏造
n. [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃə(r)] 制造;制造品;产品
形近词:manufacturing, manufacturer
manufacturing [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ]
n. 制造业;工业
manufacturer [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərə(r)]
n. 制造商;生产商
prompt
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
adj. [prɒmpt] 敏捷的;迅速的,即刻的
v. [prɒmpt] 激起;促使;推动
形近词:provoke, prompting
【例】[v] 促使
2018 年阅读完型
When people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to connect with one another.
参考译文:当人们信任一个人或者一个机构时,他们的大脑就会释放催产素。那是一种令人产生愉悦感的荷尔蒙,会引发群居本能——它会促使人与人之间的联系。
形近词
provoke [prəˈvəʊk]
v.挑衅;激怒;激起;引起
【例】[v] 引起
2012 年阅读Text 3
Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.
参考译文:其次,新奇感本身经常引起怀疑。
prompting [ˈprɒmptɪŋ]
n. 激励;提示;刺激
补充词汇
[近义词]
spur [spɜː(r)]
v. 鼓励;激励;促进;加速;推动
[spɜː(r)] n. 马刺;刺靴;刺激;激励;推动力
table
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
n. [ˈteɪb(ə)l] 桌子;台子;目录;表格
形近词:comfortable, charitable, acceptable, disputable, profitable, stable, unacceptable, suitable, regrettable, respectable
形近词
comfortable [ˈkʌmftəb(ə)l]
adj. 舒适的;令人放松的;愉快放松的
charitable [ˈtʃærɪtəb(ə)l]
adj. 慈悲为怀的;慈善的;仁慈的;施舍慷慨的
acceptable [əkˈseptəb(ə)l]
adj. 可以接受的;令人满意的;值得接受的;可忍受的
【例】[adj] 可以接受的
2011 年阅读Text 2
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.
参考译文:很多招聘人员都表示:对于高管而言,过去认为的不光彩的感觉(没有工作)已经慢慢消失了。金融危机已经使得待业和辞去糟糕的工作变得更容易被人们所接受。
disputable [dɪˈspjuːtəb(ə)l]
adj. 有讨论余地的;真假可疑的
profitable [ˈprɒfɪtəb(ə)l]
adj. 有利润的;赚钱的;有利益的
【例】[adj] 有利润的;赚钱的;有利益的
2010 年阅读新题型
But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.
参考译文:但是,几乎所有人都忽略了隐藏在自家后院里的巨大的、可赢利的机会,那就是饮食产品的批发,这似乎正是市场零售商所需要的。
stable
[ˈsteɪb(ə)l] n. 马;马棚;一群赛马;畜舍;一群人
[ˈsteɪb(ə)l] adj. 稳定的;牢固的;可靠的;稳重的;可信赖的;平稳的;坚定的
[ˈsteɪb(ə)l] v. 把……拴入马厩;住于马厩中
unacceptable [ˌʌnəkˈseptəb(ə)l]
adj. 无法接受的;不受欢迎的
suitable [ˈsjuːtəb(ə)l]
adj. 适当的;适宜的;合适的
【例】[adj] 适当的;适宜的
2010 年阅读Text 1
To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
参考译文:如今读这些书时会惊讶地发现一个事实:书中学术性的内容曾经被认为适合在面向大众发行的日报上发表。
regrettable [rɪˈɡretəb(ə)l]
adj. 令人遗憾的;抱歉的;可惜的
respectable [rɪˈspektəb(ə)l]
adj. 值得尊重的;体面的;人格高尚的;令人满意的
【例】[adj] 值得尊重的
2011 年阅读Text 1
Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ______.
[A] influential
[B] modest
[C] respectable
[D] talented
参考译文:托马西尼认为吉尔伯特是一个______艺术家。
[A]有影响力的
[B]谦逊的
[C]值得尊重的
[D]有才能的
weigh
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [weɪ] 称……重量;称;重达;考虑;权衡
形近词:weight, outweigh
形近词
weight
[weɪt] n. 重量;重担;体重
[weɪt] v. 加重量于;使加权;压迫
outweigh [ˌaʊtˈweɪ]
v. (在重要性、意义等上)重于;大于;超过;胜过
【例】[v] (在重要性、意义等上)重于;大于;超过
2007 年阅读Text 3
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status
参考译文:从最后一段可以推断出_____。
[A] 财政风险往往大于政治风险
[B] 中产阶级可能会面临更大的政治挑战
[C] 财政问题可能会引发政治问题
[D] 财政责任显示了政治地位
boom
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
n. [buːm] 繁荣;迅速增长
v. [buːm] 迅速发展;兴旺;发出隆隆声
补充词汇
[词组]
baby boom:生育高峰
entitle
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [ɪnˈtaɪt(ə)l] 给……以权利(或资格);给……以称号;给……提名
形近词:title, entitlement, subtitle
形近词
title [ˈtaɪt(ə)l]
n. 题目;标题;称号;头衔;权益;权利;冠军;职务;名称
entitlement [ɪnˈtaɪt(ə)lmənt]
n. 权利;授权;有资格;有权得到的东西
【例】[n] 权利
2014 年阅读Text 1
Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.
参考译文:相反,申请者收到的是有时间限制的“补助”,发放条件是申请者积极找工作,没有权利,没有保险,每周得到71.70英镑的补助,这在欧盟国家里算是最少的了。
subtitle [ˈsʌbˌtaɪt(ə)l]
n. 小标题;副标题;(电影的)字幕
补充词汇
[词组]
be entitled to:有权;有资格
【例】有权;有资格
2010 年翻译
Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
参考译文:然而这些生物是生物群落的成员,如果生物群落的稳定性取决于该群落的完整性,那么这些生物就有资格延续生存下去。
[近义词]
nominate [ˈnɒmɪneɪt]
v. 提名……为候选人;任命;挑选;指定
denominate [dɪˈnɒmɪneɪt]
v. 给……命名;称呼……为
institute
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
n. [ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːt] 学会;研究所;学院;协会
形近词:institution, institutional
【例】[n] 研究所
2012 年阅读Text 4
Mark Baldassarc of the Public Policy Institute of` California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions.
参考译文:加利福尼亚州公共政策研究所的马克·巴尔达萨克指出,加州的大多数预算都会被工会巡查。
形近词
institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n]
n. 机构;体系;制度
【例】[n] 机构
2011 年阅读Text 1
The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
参考译文:这些随处可得的唱片给传统古典音乐会的演出机构带来了危机。
institutional [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l]
adj. 机构的;体系的;制度的
【例】[adj] 机构的
2010 年阅读新题型
Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes.
参考译文:这种饮食服务经营者从自动贩卖机到大型餐饮企业,一应俱全。但是这类经营者大多被统称为“三馆”:旅馆、餐馆、咖啡馆。
restrict
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [rɪˈstrɪkt] 限制;约束
形近词:restriction
【例】[v] 限制;约束
2008 年阅读Text 2
The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality.
参考译文:因特网正在使获取科研成果成为现实,赞助机构同时也在施加压力,质疑为何出版商可以通过限制使用科研成果(指限制科研成果的转载)而从政府资助的研究项目中获利。
形近词
restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n]
n. 限制;约束
补充词汇
[词组]
restrain sb. from doing sth.:限制某人做某事
refrain from doing sth.:抑制/克制不做某事
英文歌助记:披头士乐队的经典曲目《嗨,Jude》(Hey Jude)你一定听过吧。这首歌由乐队成员之一保罗·麦卡特尼创作,初衷在于鼓励约翰·列侬的儿子Jude对生活充满信心,坚信生活会越来越好。歌中唱到“And anytime you feel the pain, hey Jude, refrain”,深情鼓励Jude要refrain (克制、忍耐),不要放弃。
[同义词]
constrain [kənˈstreɪn]
v. 约束;限制;强迫
【例】[v] 约束;限制
2009 年阅读Text 3
A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.
参考译文:虽然缺乏正规教育,发展中国家劳动力在可预见的未来大幅提高生产力的能力仍然不会受到限制。
curb [kɜː(r)b]
v. 控制;抑制;限定;约束
【例】[v] 控制
2013 年阅读Text 1
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its Green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
参考译文:尽管多家快时尚公司已经在尽力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响(例如H&M推出了环保意识系列服装生产线),但克莱因认为,长期的改变只有消费者才能实现。
prohibit [prəʊˈhɪbɪt]
v. 禁止
forbid [fə(r)ˈbɪd]
v. 禁止;阻止
partial
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
adj. [ˈpɑːʃl] 部分的;局部的;不完全的;不公平的;偏袒的
【例】[adj] 部分的;局部的
2012 年阅读Text 2
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
参考译文:2007年冷却塔部分倒塌和地下管道系统泄漏等一系列事故的发生,使得人们对佛蒙特州扬基核电站的安全性和安特吉公司的管理提出了严重的质疑。特别是在该公司针对其管道发表了误导性声明以后。
conclusion
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
n. [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] 结论;推论;结束;终结
形近词:conclusive, inconclusive, conclude, concluding, exclude
形近词
conclusive [kənˈkluːsɪv]
adj. 令人信服的;确凿的
inconclusive [ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv]
adj. 非决定性的;无结果的
conclude [kənˈkluːd]
v. 总结;结束;得出结论;断定;决定
【例】[v] 总结;得出结论
2011 年阅读新题型
The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”
参考译文:梅南先生总结道:改革高等教育的关键在于改变“培养知识分子” 的方式。
【例】[v] 得出结论;断定
2012 年阅读Text 2
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state.
参考译文:该公司似乎已经断定其在佛蒙特州已经声名狼藉,没有什么可再失去的了,倒不如和佛蒙特州背水一战。
【例】[v] 断定
2011 年阅读 Text 4
According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all.
参考译文:多项研究断定,有孩子的夫妇不如没有孩子的夫妇幸福,按照这些研究,单亲家庭里的父亲或者母亲是最不幸福的。
concluding [kənˈkluːdɪŋ]
adj. 结束的
exclude [ɪkˈskluːd]
v. 将……排除在外;不包括;拒绝;阻止;对……不予考虑
【例】[v] 将……排除在外
2014 年阅读Text 1
You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.
参考译文:你已经不再被需要;那个为你的生活提供目标、搭建体系的工作环境,如今也将你排除在外。
补充词汇
[词组]
in conclusion:最后;总之;综上所述
decorate
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [ˈdekəreɪt] 授予(某人)勋章;装饰;装点;点缀;布置
补充词汇
[同义词]
ornament
[ˈɔː(r)nəmənt] n. 装饰图案;装饰物
[ˈɔː(r)nəˌment] v. 装饰;美化
【例】[n] 装饰物
2010 年阅读Text 1
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
参考译文:我们离20世纪初至二战前夕英国报纸上那些主题自由的评论就更远了。当时报纸用纸极其便宜,而格调优雅的艺术评论被认为是对刊登它们的报纸的一大美化。
discard
词频 ★☆☆☆☆
v. [dɪsˈkaː(r)d] 丢弃;抛弃;放弃
n. [dɪsˈkaː(r)d] 抛弃;被丢弃的东西或人
补充词汇
[词组]
get rid of:除掉;去掉
cast off:脱下;解开
[同义词]
desert [diˈzɜːt]
v. 丢开;抛弃
abandon [əˈbændən]
v. 放弃;抛弃
测一测
subtle adj. 微妙的;敏感的;狡猾的;巧妙的